Buttersure

BUTANOIC ACID · butyrate · C4 · N-BUTYRIC ACID · C4A · N-BUTYRATE · FEMA 2221 · N-BUTANOIC ACID

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.	107-92-6
Summenformel	C4H8O2
Durchschnittliche Molmasse	88,11 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse	88,0524295 g/mol
SMILES	CCCC(=O)O
InChIKey	FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	264
ChEMBL	CHEMBL14227
ChEBI	CHEBI:30772
EC No.	203-532-3
DTXSID	DTXSID8021515
Lokaler Name	Buttersure

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

XLogP	0,8
Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)	37,3
H-Brücken-Donoren	1
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren	2
Frei drehbare Bindungen	2
Schwere Atome	6
Formalladung	0
Komplexität	49,5
Stoffklassen	Other Classes -> Organic AcidsCorrosives
Lipide	Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty Acids and Conjugates [FA01] -> Straight chain fatty acids [FA0101]
SpringerMaterials Properties	Boiling point
Duftstoffe	Fragrance Ingredient (Butyric acid) -> IFRA transparency List
LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient)	log Kow= 0.79
Geruch	Unpleasant, rancid odorPenetrating and obnoxious odor
Geschmack	Butter-fat taste
Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe	ANTIOXIDANT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PH CONTROL AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food
Dichte	0.958 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.959 at 20 °C/4 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.960.952-0.9560.959 @25 °C0.964 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Aromastoffe	EU Flavoring substances
Viscosity	1.426 mPa-s at 25 °C
Color/Form	Oily liquidColorless liquid
Schmelzpunkt	-6--3 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt	162 °C (lit.)
Dampfdichte	3.04 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	0.43 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.398(lit.)
FEMA	2221 \| BUTYRIC ACID
Flammpunkt	170 °F
Lagerbedingungen	Store below +30°C.
Löslichkeit	Chloroform (Soluble), Isopropanol (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)Miscible with water, Propylene glycol, Glycerin, alcohol and oils.
pKa (Säurekonstante)	4.83(at 25℃)
Aggregatzustand	Liquid
Farbe	Clear colorless
Wichte	0.960 (20/4℃)
Geruch	at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. sharp acetic cheese butter fruit
pH	3.94(1 mM solution)3.42(10 mM solution)2.92(100 mM solution)
Explosionsgrenze	2-12.3%(V)
Geruchsart	cheesy
Geruchsschwelle	0.00019ppm
Biologische Quelle	synthetic
Spezifische Wärmekapazität	Cp(liquid): 2.03 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck	14,1593
JECFA Number	87
BRN	906770
Henry-Konstante	4.3×101 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Kim and Kim (2016)
Dielektrizitätskonstante	3.0(Ambient)
Stabilität	Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, aluminium and most other common metals, alkalies, reducing agents.
Hauptanwendungen	flavors and fragrances
Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen	FRAGRANCE
InChI	1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6)
InChIKey	FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	CCCC(O)=O
LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient)	1.1 at 25℃
Oberflächenspannung	26.71mN/m at 293.15K
CAS Datenbank	107-92-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Butanoic acid(107-92-6)
EPA chemische Informationen	Butyric acid (107-92-6)

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

GHS-Einstufung	DangerH314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H302 (15.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Regulatorische Informationen	Chemical: Butanoic acidButanoic acid is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Butanoic acid are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 27-07-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13507Butyric acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen	IMAP assessments - Butanoic acid: Environment tier I assessment
DOT-Kennzeichnung	Corrosive
Brandgefahren	Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 72 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.
Brandpotenzial	... Combustible liquid
Gesundheitsgefahren	Inhalation causes irritation of mucous membrane and respiratory tractmay cause nausea and vomiting. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes may cause serious injury. Contact with skin may cause burnschemical is readily absorbed through the skin and may cause damage by this route. (USCG, 1999)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Gefahrenübersicht	Corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract[ICSC]
DOT-Nummer und Handbuch	2820 153
FDA-Anforderungen	Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants /for human consumption/ that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, withn the meaning of section 409 of the Act. Butyric acid is included on this list.N-Butyric acid used as a synthetic flavoring substance or adjuvant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
Reaktive Gruppe	Acids, Carboxylic
EG-Einstufung	Symbol: CR: 34S: (1/2)-26-36-45
UN-Einstufung	UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: III
Brandbekämpfung	Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen	Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .
Freisetungsmaßnahmen	· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Erste Hilfe	EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:
Sichere Lagerung	Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and food and feedstuffs.
Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung	· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Brandbekämpfungsverfahren	Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or CO2. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. On large fires, solid streams of water may not be effective.If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. ... Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Lagerbedingungen	Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location, away from any area where fire hazard may be acute.Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from oxidizing materials, heat, oxidizers, and sunlight.
Reinigungsverfahren	Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate.Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concn. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.Eliminate all ignition sources ... Protect personnel, and dilute spill to form nonflammable mixtures. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal ...
Freisetung ohne Brand	Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:
Entsorgungsverfahren	SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for butyric acid: Concentration process: Biological treatment.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for butyric acid: Concentration process: Activated carbon.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for butyric acid: Concentration process: Resin adsorption.
Verschüttetes entsorgen	Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Cautiously neutralize remainder with soda lime. Then wash away with plenty of water.
Treatment	If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.
Wechselwirkungen	n-Butyrate was previously found to increase the epidermal growth factor receptor binding in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. /It was shown/ that butyrate and dexamethasone synergistically modulate the surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptors. The butyrate-induced enhancement of high-affinity epidermal growth factor binding was only slight in the absence of glucocorticoid, but was strongly and dose-dependently amplified by dexamethasone. Butyrate counteracted the inhibition by insulin of the dexamethasone-induced increase in epidermal growth factor binding. The results indicate that the glucocorticoid has a permissive effect on a butyrate- sensitive process that determines the surface expression of the high-affinity class of epidermal growth factor receptors.Butyrate inhibited differentiation of F9 mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells in the presence of retinoic acid, when added within 8 hr of retinoic acid addition.
Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen	Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.
Ökotoxizitätswerte	LC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 2750 mg/L/24 hrstatic /formulated product/LC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 61 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) 200 mg/L/24 hrLC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish) 5000 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ /Sodium salt/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for n-BUTYRIC ACID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Umweltverhalten	TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 64(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.79(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), and experimental values of 19.1, 27.6, and 14.7 in mud, muddy sand, and sand(4), indicate that n-butanoic acid is expected to have very high to high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of n-butanoic acid is 4.82(5), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6). Volatilization of butyric acid from moist soil surfaces is expected to be slow(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.35X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(7). n-Butanoic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.65 mm Hg(8). N-butanoic acid may be susceptible to biodegradation in terrestrial environments based on the observed degradation of 72% after 5 hours when incubated with activated sludge(9,10).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), experimental Koc values of 19.1, 27.6, and 14.7 on a clastic mud (3.5% organic carbon), a lateritic muddy sand (1.3% organic carbon), and a fine carbonate sand (0.17% organic carbon), respectively(2), indicate that n-butanoic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of n-butanoic acid is 4.82(5), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be slow(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.35X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 64 and 471 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from a log Kow of 0.79(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). n-Butanoic acid may be susceptible to biodegradation in aquatic environments based on the observed degradation of 72% after 5 hours when incubated with activated sludge(10,11).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-butanoic acid, which has a vapor pressure of 1.65 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase butyric acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.40X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Butanoic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).
Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte	n-Butanoic acid was qualitatively detected in the lipid volatile fraction of raw beef(1). Strawberry jam contained butyric acid at a concentration of 620.5 mg/kg(2). n-Butanoic acid was qualitatively identified as a flavor compound in pine sprout tea made with fresh pine sprouts for Korean red pine trees collected in May-June 1995(3). n-Butanoic acid was identified as a volatile component of baked potatoes(4). It has also been detected as a volatile flavor component in the fruit of the deciduous palm Dalieb at a concentration of 58 mg/kg pulp(5).n-Butanoic acid was detected at a mean concentration of 243 ng/g in salt-fermented anchovy volatiles obtained from a fish market in Masan, Korea(1).n-Butanoic acid was detected at concentrations of 0.08 and 109 ug/g (wet weight) in rotten mussels and fresh mussels, respectively, that were collected off the Oarai coast in Ibaraki, Japan in 1985(1).
Unerwünschte Wirkungen	Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Expositionspfade	The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.
Toxizitätsübersicht	Butyric acid is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.
Signs and Symptoms	Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.Symptoms of low dose exposure include excessive salivation and eye-watering. Acute dose symptoms include severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, anxiety, headache, tremor and ataxia may also result.
Effluent Concentrations	n-Butanoic acid was detected at a concentration range of 0.262 to 0.97 ppbv in gasoline engine exhaust samples from five different automobiles and was also found at a concentration of 0.42 ppbv in a diesel engine exhaust sample(1). Mean emission factors of butyric acid in smoldering smoke from litter and duff and from the self-sustained smoldering smoke from bark, litter, and duff (collected from ponderosa pine in northwestern Montana) fires were 0.08, 0.035, 0.14, 0.08, and 0.039 g/kg dry mass of fuel consumed, respectively(4). No n-butanoic acid was detected in the smoldering smoke from wood, needles, bark, and humus fires(2). n-Butanoic acid was qualitatively detected in kitchen waste exudate from household waste collected in Denmark(3).n-Butanoic acid was detected in 1 of 7 aqueous effluent samples from energy-related processes at a concentration of 90 ppb(1). It was detected both in the primary and secondary effluent of sewage treatment plants at concentrations ranging from 17-1,540 ug/L, although the concentration was always lower in the secondary effluent(2). n-Butanoic acid was measured in the automobile exhaust at a concentration of 0.123 ppb(3). The effluent from a landfill in Norman, OK, 1972, contained n-butanoic acid at an estimated concentration of 1.5 ug/L(4,5). It was detected in solid waste leachates in the Netherlands, UK, Canada, France, and Spain representing from 0.34% to 8.5% of the volatile fatty acid fraction(6). It was also identified in the leachate from low-level radioactive waste disposal sites in KY and NY(7). n-Butanoic acid was detected in the leachate from a 1 year old simulated solid waste landfill at a concentration of 48.8 g/L, representing 65% of the acid fraction(8) and it has been detected in the leachate from a Barcelona, Spain, sanitary landfill(9). Australian oil shale retort water contained n-butanoic acid at a concentration of 174 mg/L(10).
ICSC Environmental Data	The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.
Luftstandards	This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Butyric acid is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.
CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen	Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
Clean Water Act Anforderungen	Butyric acid is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.
F	13
Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK)	1
TSCA-Inventar-Status	TSCA listed
UN-Transportnummer	UN 2820
Zollcode	2915 60 19
RTECS-Nr.	ES5425000
R-Sätze (R)	34
Toxizität	LD50 orally in rats: 8.79 g/kg (Smyth)
Gefahrensymbole	C,Xi
hazard_note	Irritant
Sicherheitshinweise (S)	26-36-45
Gefahrenklasse	8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1BSTOT SE 3
Verpackungsgruppe	III
Lagerklasse	8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials
Gefahrstoffdaten	107-92-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	824 °F

Anwendungen & Verwendung

Beschreibung

Butyric acid is a carboxylic acid also classified as a fatty acid. It exists in two isomeric forms as shown previously, but this entry focuses on n-butyric acid or butanoic acid. It is a colorless, viscous, rancid-smelling liquid that is present as esters in animal fats and plant oils. Butyric acid exists as a glyceride in butter, with a concentration of about 4%; dairy and egg products are a primary source of butyric acid. When butter or other food products go rancid, free butyric acid is liberated by hydrolysis, producing the rancid smell. It also occurs in animal fat and plant oils.

Occurrence

Normally occurs in butter as a glyceride. It has been reported found in the essential oils of citronella Ceylon, Eucalyptus globules, Araucaria cunninghamii, Lippia scaberrima, Monarda fistulosa, cajeput, Heracleum giganteum, lavender, Hedeoma pulegioides, valerian, nutmeg, hops, Pastinaca sativa, Spanish anise and others. It has been identified in strawberry aroma, apricot, American cranberry, sour cherry, black currants, butter, milk, strawberry jam, cheeses (blue, cheddar, feta, Swiss, Camembert and romano), raspberry, papaya, coffee mutton, beer, rum, bourbon whiskey and cider.

History

Butyric acid gets its name from the Latin butyrum, or butter. It was discovered by Adolf Lieben (1836–1914) and Antonio Rossi in 1869. Butyric acid is one of the simplest fatty acids.

Verwenden

Butyric Acid is a fatty acid that is commonly obtained from butter fat. it has an objectionable odor which limits its uses as a food acid- ulant or antimycotic. it is an important chemical reactant in the manufacture of synthetic flavoring, shortening, and other edible food additives. in butter fat, the liberation of butyric acid which occurs during hydrolytic rancidity makes the butter fat unusable. it is used in soy milk-type drinks and candies.

Herstellung & Synthese

synthetische

Obtained by fermentation of starches and molasses with selective enzymes (Granulo saccharobutyricum); it is subsequently isolated as the calcium salt.