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Benomyl
Fungicide · bbc · TANOS · BENLATE · INITIAL · VERSION · bnm · ns02
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 17804-35-2 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C14H18N4O3 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 290,32 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 290,13789045 g/mol |
| SMILES | CCCCNC(=O)n1c(NC(=O)OC)nc2ccccc21 |
| InChIKey | RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 28780 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL327919 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:3015 |
| EC No. | 241-775-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5023900 |
| Lokaler Name | Benomyl |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2,1 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 85,3 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 2 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 4 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 5 |
| Schwere Atome | 21 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 377 |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | log Kow= 2.12 |
| Geruch | Faint, acrid odor. |
| Dichte | 0.38 g/cm³1.1648 (rough estimate) |
| Color/Form | White crystalline solid [Note: Decomposes without melting above 572 degrees F]. |
| Löslichkeit | less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)Solubility (25 °C): 18 g/kg acetone94 g/kg chloroform53 g/kg dimethylformamide4 g/kg ethanol0.4 g/kg heptane10 g/kg xylene.In water 3.8 ppm @ 20 °C.0.0038 mg/mL at 20 °CSolubility in water, mg/l at 25 °C: 3.8 (very poor)0.0004%DMF: 30 mg/mlDMF:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:3): 0.25 mg/mlDMSO: 5 mg/mlEthanol: Slightly soluble<0.1 g/100 mL at 20 ºC |
| Corrosivity | NON-CORROSIVE TO METALS |
| Siedepunkt | Decomposes (NTP, 1992)432.41°C (rough estimate) |
| Decomposition | Decomposed by strong acids & strong alkalis. Decomposes slowly in the presence of moisture. In some solvents dissociates to form carbendazin & butyl isocyanate. ... Decomposed on storage in contact with water & under moist conditions in soil.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.Decomposes just after melting at 140 °C. /From table/ |
| Schmelzpunkt | Decomposes before melting (NTP, 1992)140 °C (decomposes)No melting pointdecomposes at 140 °C>572 °F (decomposes)>300 °C(lit.) |
| Dampfdruck | Negligible (NTP, 1992)3.7X10-9 mm Hg @ 25 °CVapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: (negligible)<0.00001 mmHg-6 Pa (25 °C) |
| Henry-Konstante | Henry's Law constant = 4.93X10-12 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C5.2×105 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Mackay et al. (2006) |
| Physical Description | Benomyl appears as colorless to white crystals or off-white powder. Faint acrid odor. (NTP, 1992)White crystalline solid with a faint, acrid odor. [fungicide] [Note: Decomposes without melting above 572 degrees F.][NIOSH]WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.White crystalline solid with a faint, acrid odor.White crystalline solid with a faint, acrid odor. [fungicide] [Note: Decomposes without melting above 572 °F.] |
| Brechungsindex | 1.6000 (estimate) |
| Lagerbedingungen | APPROX 4°C |
| Aggregatzustand | Solid |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | 4.2 (for carbendazim) |
| Farbe | Colorless |
| Merck | 13,1042 |
| BRN | 825455 |
| InChI | 1S/C14H18N4O3/c1-3-4-9-15-13(19)18-11-8-6-5-7-10(11)16-12(18)17-14(20)21-2/h5-8H,3-4,9H2,1-2H3,(H,15,19)(H,16,17,20) |
| InChIKey | RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CCCCNC(=O)n1c(NC(=O)OC)nc2ccccc12 |
| CAS Datenbank | 17804-35-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Benomyl(17804-35-2) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Benomyl (17804-35-2) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation]H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]H360FD: May damage fertilityMay damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P203, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Carbamic acid, [1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-, methyl esterHazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityGenotoxicityReproductive ToxicityAuthoritative List - EC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1BProp 65Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the productBenomyl is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)2002/928/ECThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Class 9 |
| Brandgefahren | Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Benomyl:Exposure Routes: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactSymptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory systemskin sensitizationpossible reproductive, teratogenic effectsTarget Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, reproductive system (NIOSH, 2024) |
| Gefahrenübersicht | It is classified as practically nontoxic[EXTOXNET] Allergic contact dermatitis in agricultural workers[Marks] In high-dose reproductive studies of animals, benomyl causes testicular damage, fetal losses, and birth defects. [Frazier, p. 234-6] Substances that have been shown to induce genetic damage in germ cells of humans or animals, or which produce mutagenic effects in somatic cells and have been shown to reach the germ cells in their active forms. [MAK] A dermal sensitizerTLV Basis: Upper respiratory tract irritationmale reproductive system, testicular, and embryo/fetal damage[ACGIH] A weak skin sensitizer[Kanerva, p. 1754] |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 2757 151(carbamate pesticide, solid) |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Amides and ImidesAmines, Phosphines, and PyridinesCarbamates |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: T, NR: 46-60-61-37/38-43-50/53S: 53-45-60-61 |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 9UN Pack Group: III |
| Special Reports | WHOEnvironmental Health Criteria 148: Benomyl (1993) |
| RCRA-Anforderungen | U271As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when benomyl, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Benomyl is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0119Pesticide type: fungicideRegistration Standard Date: 06/87Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.Active ingredient (AI): BenomylData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/16/92, 03/03/95, 10/13/95AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the fungicide benomyl ... and its metabolites containing the benzimidazole moiety (calculated as benomyl) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: Almond hullsapples (pre- and post-harvest)apricots (pre- and post harvest)bananas (pre- and post-harvest, not more than 0.2 ppm negligible residue ... present in the pulp after the peel is removed and discarded)barley, grainbarley, strawbeansbeans vine foragebeets, sugar, rootsbeets, sugar, topsblackberriesblueberriesboysenberriesbroccolibrussel sproutscabbagecarrotscattle, fatcattle, meatcattle meat-by-productscauliflowercelerycherries (pre- and post-harvest)Chinese cabbagecitrus, dried pulpcitrus fruit (pre- and post-harvest)collardscorn, fresh (including kernel plus cob with husk removed)corn, sweet fodder and foragecucumberscurrantsdewberrieseggplantseggsgarlicgoats, fatgoats, meatgoats, meat by-productsgrapeshogs, fathogs, meathogs, meat by-productshorses, fathorses, meathorses, meat by-productskalekohlrabiloganberriesmangoesmelonsmilkmushrooms (pre- and post-harvest)mustard greensnectarines (pre- and post-harvest)nutsoats, grainoats, strawpeaches (pre- and post-harvest)peanutspeanut foragepeanut haypears (pre- and post-harvest)pepperspineapples (post-harvest)pistachiosplums (incl fresh prunes, pre- and post harvest)poultry, fatpoultry, liverpoultry, meatpoultry, meat by-productspumpkinsraisinsraspberriesricerice, hullsrice strawrutabagasrye, grainrye, strawsheep, fatsheep, meatsheep, meat by-productssoybeansspinachsquash, summersquash, winterstrawberriessweet potatoestomatoestomatoe products, concentratedturnips, rootswheat, grainwheat, straw.Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in section 180.1(n), are established for residues of the fungicide benomyl ... and its metabolites containing the benzimidazole moiety (calculated as benomyl) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: avacadosdandelionspapayasturnip greenswatercress. |
| Brandbekämpfung | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).Rinse mouth. |
| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated areatake deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be usedif not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, administer a slurry of activated charcoal in water and simultaneously call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)(General first aid procedures)Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.Breathing: Respiratory supportSwallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. |
| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Decomposed on storage in contact with water... .Do not contaminate water, food, or feeds by storage or disposal. Keep benlate dry during storage to avoid certain chemical changes affecting fungicidal effectiveness. Keep container tightly closed when not in use. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect it from moisture. If possible, it would be prudent to store this compound under inert atmosphere. (NTP, 1992) |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.Landfill: The low toxicity of the n-phenyl carbamates and of their demonstrated metabolites obviates any need for preliminary chemical treatment. Soil burial should suffice. |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directionsalso, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024) |
| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles. |
| Fire Prevention | NO open flames. PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST. |
| Treatment | For acute exposures and first aid: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
| Wechselwirkungen | A key limitation to the use of benomyl & other benzimidazoles is the development of fungal resistance. Resistance management can be achieved by using benomyl in combination with a non-benzimidazole companion fungicide. |
| Zielorgane | DevelopmentalEyes, skin, respiratory system, reproductive system |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Skin irritation may occur through industrial exposure, and florists, mushroom pickers and floriculturists have reported allergic reactions to benomyl. Benomyl is a potential teratogen. Studies have shown eye defects can occur at relatively high doses. A test in which rats were dosed orally demonstrated evidence of microphthalmia at dose levels of 62.5 mg/kg and above. In 1996, a Miami jury awarded US$ 4 million to a child whose mother was exposed in pregnancy to Benomyl. The child was born without eyes. The mother had been exposed to an unusually high dose of Benomyl through her occupation, during pregnancy. |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50 Rainbow trout 170 ug/l/96 hr @ 12 °C (95% confidence limit 120-230 ug/l), wt 1.2 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical material, 99%/LC50 Fathead minnow 2200 ug/l/96 hr @ 22 °C (95% confidence limit 1590-3040 ug/l), wt 0.9 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical material, 99%/LC50 Channel catfish 29 ug/l/96 hr @ 22 °C (95% confidence limit 22-37 ug/l), wt 1.2 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical material, 99%/LC50 Bluegill 850 ug/l/96 hr @ 22 °C (95% confidence limit 550-1300 ug/l), wt 0.9 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical material, 99%/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BENOMYL (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2,000(2), indicates that benomyl is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benomyl from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.93X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(3). Benomyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Biodegradation in soils may occur(4), but hydrolysis is the most important fate process. The hydrolysis half-life of benomyl in soil was reported as 19 hours(5).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2,000(2), indicates that benomyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.93X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(4). According to a classification scheme(5),an estimated BCF of 9(SRC), from a log Kow of 2.12(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC). Biodegradation in waters is not expected to be an important fate process since benomyl is hydrolyzed rapidly to methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (carbendazimMBC) and butyl isocyanate(8). The half-life of benomyl in water was reported as 2 hours(9).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benomyl, which has a vapor pressure of 3.7X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase benomyl may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). |
| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | Benomyl has been detected as a food residue (concn or food not reported) during regulatory monitoring conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration and Dept of Agric for fiscal years 1983-1986(1). Benomyl was detected in 3 imported agricultural commodities in Canada at a max concn of 0.1 ppm(2). Benomyl was identified, not quantified, in almond crops in Kern, CA(3). Benomyl was detected in 248 of 769 domestic apples at a max concn of 0.48 ppm and in 149 of 1,062 imported apples at a max concn of 0.66 ppm(4). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, by ingestion and through the skin.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactInhalation (L793)oral (L793)dermal (L793) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | In animal systems, benomyl is metabolized to carbendazim and other polar metabolites, which are rapidly excreted. ... The main source of exposure for the general human population is residues of benomyl and carbendazim in food crops. ... Agricultural workers engaged in pesticide mixing and loading or re-entering benomyl-treated fields are expected to be exposed dermally ... Since dermal absorption is expected to be low, the probability of benomyl having systemic toxic effects on human populations through this route is very low. Benomyl is readily absorbed in animal experiments after oral and inhalation exposure, but much less so following dermal exposure. Absorbed benomyl is rapidly metabolized and excreted in the urine and feces. ... Benomyl does not inhibit acetyl cholinesterase in vitro. It has been shown to induce liver epoxyhydrolase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione-S-transferase in in vivo studies ... Benomyl has low acute toxicity ... in the rat ... Application to the skin of the rabbit and guinea pig produced either mild or no irritation and moderate skin sensitization. Application to the eyes of rats produced temporary mild conjunctival irritation. ... Benomyl causes a decrease in testis and epididymis weight, a reduction in caudal sperm reserves, a decrease in sperm production and a lowering of male fertility rates. At higher doses, there is hypospermatogenesis with generalized disruption of all stages of spermatogenesis. Benomyl does not affect copulatory behavior, seminal vesicles, sperm motility or related reproductive hormones. ... When administered via gavage ... benomyl was found to be teratogenic ... The effects were microphthalia, hydrocephaly, and encephaloceles. ... In mice, gavage dosing ... induced supernumerary ribs and other skeletal and visceral anomalies. ... Studies in somatic and germ cells show that benomyl does not cause gene mutations or structural chromosomal damage (aberrations) and it does not interact directly with DNABenomyl targets beta tubulin in actively dividing cells. It binds to microtubules, interfering with cell functions, such as meiosis and intracellular transportation (A15332). Benomyl binds to brain tubulin with a dissociation constant of 11.9 +/- 1.2 microM. Further, benomyl binds to a novel tubulin beta binding site, distinct from the well-characterized colchicine and vinblastine binding sites. Benomyl inhibits the polymerization of brain tubulin into microtubules, with 50% inhibition occurring at a concentration of 70-75 microM (A15103) |
| Average Daily Intake | FOOD: An estimate of benomyl exposure in Finnish populations is 38 ug/day(1). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough.Redness.No acute symptoms expected.irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory systemskin sensitizationpossible reproductive, teratogenic effectsSkin redness and skin irritation. Fetuses exposed to high levels may exhibit microphthalmia (small eyes) or anaphthalmia (no eyes). |
| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (FL) FLORIDA 350 ug/l |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 3077 9/PG 3 |
| Zollcode | 29339900 |
| RTECS-Nr. | DD6475000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 46-60-61-37/38-43-50/53 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in rats: >9590 mg/kg (Schafer) |
| Gefahrensymbole | T,N |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 53-45-60-61 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 4.1Aquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Muta. 1BRepr. 1BSkin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1STOT SE 3 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 17804-35-2(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Benomyl, a tan-coloured crystalline solid/powder, is a systemic fungicide with a characteristic odour. It belongs to the benzimidazole family. Benomyl decomposes at high temperature. Benomyl is essentially insoluble in water. It is stable under normal storage conditions but will decompose to carbendazim in water. On decomposition by heat, benomyl produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides. Benomyl is a systemic and broad-spectrum fungicide that is currently registered for use in more than 50 countries on more than 70 crops for the control of diseases in fruit trees, nut crops, vegetables, cereals, tropical crops and ornamentals, turf, and many field crops. Benomyl is marketed as a wettable powder and as a dry flowable formulation (dispersible granules).
Verwenden
Benomyl is a systemic fungicide with both protective and curative activities. It is effective against more than 190 different fungal diseases in stone fruits, pome fruits, tropical and subtropical fruit crops, grapes, fruiting vegetables, cereals, etc. It is effective against fungal diseases caused by Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes spp., including leaf spots, blotches and blights; fruit spots and rots; sooty mould; scabs, bulb, corm and tuber decays; blossom blights; powdery mildew; certain rusts; common soil borne crown and root rots.