1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Tetrachloronaphthalene:

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

(General first aid procedures)

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Extinguishant: Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. Also wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.

Materials which are toxic as stored or which decompose into toxic components due to contact with heat ... should be stored in cool, well-ventilated place, out of direct rays of sun, away from areas of high fire hazard, and ... periodically inspected and monitored.

This material should be stored in a refrigerator.

If you spill this chemical, dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tigh plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces wit toluene followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquids containing tetrachloronaphthalene should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Ensure plentiful supply of hydrocarbon fuel. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

You should dispose of all waste and contaminated materials associated with this chemical as specified by existing local, state and federal regulations concerning hazardous waste disposal. It is suggested that your contaminated materials should be destroyed by incineration in a special, high temperature ( >2000 degrees F), chemical incinerator facility.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Ensure plentiful supply of hydrocarbon fuel. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder.

If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with solid tetrachloronaphthalene, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Clothing contaminated with tetrachloronaphthalene should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of tetrachloronaphthalene from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the tetrachloronaphthalene, the person performing the operation should be informed of tetrachloronaphthalene's hazardous properties.

Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with molten tetrachloronaphthalene should be removed immediately and not reworn until the tetrachloronaphthalene is removed from the clothing.

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to: prevent any possibility of skin contact with molten tetrachloronaphthalene; prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with solid tetrachloronaphthalene or liquids containing tetrachloronaphthalene; or prevent skin contact with tetrachloronaphthalene fumes from heated material.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CONDENSER IMPREGNATION & OTHER OPERATIONS INVOLVING MELTING OF CHLORONAPHTHALENE SHOULD BE ENCLOSED OR PROVIDED WITH EFFECTIVE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. /CHLORONAPHTHALENES/

LC50 Shrimp 69-90 ug/l water Tri/Tetrachloronapthalene mixture for 4 days /Tri-Tetrachloronaphthalene/

LC50 Shrimp 74 ug/l Tetra/penta mixture for 4 days /Tetra-Pentachloronaphthalenes/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13,700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetrachloronaphthalene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3); however, adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Tetrachloronaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of tetrachloronaphthalene in soil, but it has been reported that higher polychlorinated naphthalenes such as tetrachloronaphthalene are slow to biodegrade(5,6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13,700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 9 days, respectively if adsorption is ignored(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is 9 months if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values measured in fish of 5,100-33,000(7,8) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Halogenated aromatics are generally resistant to aqueous environmental hydrolysis(3); therefore, tetrachloronaphthalene is not expected to hydrolyze in water(SRC). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of tetrachloronaphthalene in water, but it has been reported that higher polychlorinated naphthalenes such as tetrachloronaphthalene are slow to biodegrade(9,10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetrachloronaphthalene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C (SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetrachloronaphthalene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 35 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase tetrachloronaphthalene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Naphthalene and structurally related chemicals absorb light greater than 290 nm and are susceptible to photolysis(4); however the rate of this potential reaction is not known for tetrachloronaphthalene(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 14,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthlene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.00426 mg/l(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC), based upon a vapor pressure of 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(4). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene's chemical structure suggests that it will not biodegrade quickly, because of the large number of aromatic chloride substituents(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 14,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.000238 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.00426 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 11 hours and 8 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 11 years if adsorption is considered(9). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values in the range of 5,100(7) to 33,000(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene's highly chlorinated chemical structure suggests that it will not biodegrade quickly(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene, which has a vapor pressure of 2.9X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. Vapor-phase 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 35 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene may absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm, and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of fume and through the skin.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

IDENTIFICATION: There are 75 possible congeners of chlorinated naphthalenes. Commercial products are generally mixtures of several congeners and range from thin liquids to hard waxes to high melting point solids. The higher chlorinated naphthalene products have been used as impregnants for condensers and capacitors and dipping encapsulating cmpd in electronic and automotive applications and as temporary binders in the manufacture of ceramic components, in paper coating and in precision casting of alloys, in electroplating, stop-off cmpd, as additive in gear oils and cutting cmpd, in flame proofing and insulation of electrical cable and conductors and moisture proof sealants, as separators in batteries, in refractive index testing oils, masking cmpd in electroplating and in grinding wheel lubricants. There are no known commercial uses for purified tetrachloronaphthalenes. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The major sources of release of chlorinated naphthalenes into the environment are likely from waste incineration and disposal of items containing chlorinated naphthalenes to landfill. In the past, chlorinated naphthalene concn of up to 14.5 mg/cu m have been measured in the workplace, while levels of 25-2900 ng/cu m have been recorded in out door air in vicinity of manufacturing sites. More recently, monitoring studies have revealed chlorinated naphthalene concn up to 150 pg/cu m at semirural sites and 1-40 pg/cu m at remote sites. Predominant cogeners in out door air were tri- and tetrachloronaphthalene. Chlorinated naphthalenes can be absorbed via oral, inhalative and dermal routes, with absorption and distribution over the whole body after oral admin. Chlorinated naphthalenes, especially the dioxin like congeners, have been detected in adipose tissue, liver, blood and breast milk samples from the general population at concn in the ng/kg lipid range. Severe skin reactions (chloracne) and liver disease have been reported after occupational exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes. Chloracne was common among workers who handling chlorinated naphthalenes in the 1930's to 1940's. A cohort study on workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes at a cable manufacturing plant found an excess of deaths from cirrhosis of the liver. However, individuals with chloracne did not show a higher mortality due to liver cirrhosis compared with other workers. The mortality from all cancers was slightly but significantly elevated among all exposed men (standardized mortality ratio =1.18), but was not more elevated in the subcohort with chloracne. This subcohort showed statistically significant excess mortality from cancer of the esophagus and from benign and unspecified neoplasms. Symptoms described in workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes included irritation of the eyes, fatigue, headache, anemia, hematuria, impotency, anorexia, vomiting and severe abdominal pain. ANIMAL STUDIES: Chlorinated naphthalenes have been shown to be highly bioaccumulative in fish, but less so in shrimp and algae. The amount of bioaccumulation observed incr with the degree of chlorination of the chlorinated naphthalenes. The most highly chlorinated naphthalenes do not appear to bioaccumulate. Chlorinated naphthalene concn in fish range up to a maximum of around 300 ug/kg lipid weight. 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene has demonstrated no mutagenicity. Monitoring studies with seabird eggs have revealed a decr in chlorinated naphthalene levels between 1974 and 1987. Hydroxy metabolites have been identified mostly for the lower chlorinated naphthalenes (mono- to tetra-) in experimental animals. There are also preliminary indications for the occurrence of methylthio- or methyl sulfoxide chloronaphthalene metabolites in the feces of rats. Elimination of the parent compounds and/or metabolites occurs via feces and urine. The higher chlorinated congeners appeared to be more toxic than the lower chlorinated ones. Long term and carcinogenicity studies with chlorinated naphthalenes have not been performed. Like related cmpd, chlorinated naphthalenes have been demonstrated to be inducers of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) dependent microsomal enzymes. Chlorinated naphthalenes were also found to change lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats in a manner indicative of oxidative stress. At least some of the biological and toxic responses of chlorinated naphthalenes are believed to be mediated via the cytosolic Ah receptor, resembling those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related cmpd. All chlorinated naphthalenes tested cause skin irritations in laboratory animals. Chlorinated napthalenes appear to be of moderate to high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. Tetra- and pentachloronaphthalene congeners tend to predominate in the biota. /Chlorinated naphthalenes, Tetrachloronaphthalenes and higher Chlorinated Naphthalenes/

Tetrachloronaphthalene was detected in rabbit and reindeer from Sweden at a concns of 1.4 and 0.19 ng/g, respectively(1). Tetrachloronaphthalene was detected in seals and osprey at concns of 0.016 and 13 ng/g, respectively(1). Tetrachloronaphthalene was identified as a constituent of the total polychlorinated naphthalene concentration in herring gulls and herring gull eggs near Lake Huron and Lake Superior(2).

A chlor-alkali plant that is located in southeastern coastal Georgia, near Brunswick, GA, and operated from 1955 to 1994, disposed of its process wastes into large holding pits near the top of the marsh and directly into the marsh and tidal creek(1). The concentration of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in a composite muscle tissue sample of two boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major) collected in August 1995 in Purvis Creek, 1-2 km from a Chlor-Alkali facility were <3 pg/g wet weight(1). The concentration of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in a composite heptopancreases tissue sample of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) collected in March 1997 in the same location was 45 pg/g wet weight(1). Combined 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,7-, and 1,2,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene concentrations were 31 (male), 29 (male), 50 (female), and 57 (female) pg/g lipid weight for the four porpoise blubber samples collected in the southern part of the Baltic Sea between 1991 and 1993(2). Breast muscle, liver, and adipose tissue samples from five white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) found dead in 1991-1992 in north- and southwestern Poland were analyzed for polychlorinated naphthalenes(3). Concentrations of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,7-, and 1,2,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene (pg/g lipid weight) combined ranged from 210 to 740 in muscle tissue, 260 to 1100 in liver tissue, and 520 to 580 in adipose tissue(3). Three black cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) originating from the colony near Katy Rybackie on the south coast of the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea were collected in 1992 and analyzed for polychlorinated naphthalenes(4). Concentrations of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,7-, and 1,2,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in muscle and liver were 0.18, 0.13, and 0.029, and 0.25, 0.25, and 0.24 ng/g lipid weight, respectively(4). Polychlorinated naphthalenes were analyzed in blubber, nuchal fat, liver, muscle, kidney, and brain of three male harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the west coast of Sweden(5). Mean concentrations of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in blubber samples taken from six anatomical sites ranged from 2.9 to 9.8 pg/g wet weight(5). Mean concentrations of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in nuchal fat, liver, kidney, muscle, and brain were 2.5, 3.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 0.66 pg/g wet weight, respectively(5).

A chlor-alkali plant that is located in southeastern coastal Georgia, near Brunswick, GA, and operated from 1955 to 1994, disposed of its process wastes into large holding pits near the top of the marsh and directly into the marsh and tidal creek(1). The concentration of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in a composite muscle tissue sample of two boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major) collected in August 1995 in Purvis Creek, 1-2 km from a Chlor-Alkali facility were <3 pg/g wet weight(1). The concentration of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in a composite heptopancreases tissue sample of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) collected in March 1997 in the same location was 45 pg/g wet weight(1). Combined 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,7-, and 1,2,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene concentrations were 31 (male), 29 (male), 50 (female), and 57 (female) pg/g lipid weight for the four porpoise blubber samples collected in the southern part of the Baltic Sea between 1991 and 1993(2). Breast muscle, liver, and adipose tissue samples from five white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) found dead in 1991-1992 in north- and southwestern Poland were analyzed for polychlorinated naphthalenes(3). Concentrations of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,7-, and 1,2,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene (pg/g lipid weight) combined ranged from 210 to 740 in muscle tissue, 260 to 1100 in liver tissue, and 520 to 580 in adipose tissue(3). Three black cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) originating from the colony near Katy Rybackie on the south coast of the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea were collected in 1992 and analyzed for polychlorinated naphthalenes(4). Concentrations of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,7-, and 1,2,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in muscle and liver were 0.18, 0.13, and 0.029, and 0.25, 0.25, and 0.24 ng/g lipid weight, respectively(4). Polychlorinated naphthalenes were analyzed in blubber, nuchal fat, liver, muscle, kidney, and brain of three male harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the west coast of Sweden(5). Mean concentrations of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in blubber samples taken from six anatomical sites ranged from 2.9 to 9.8 pg/g wet weight(5). Mean concentrations of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined in nuchal fat, liver, kidney, muscle, and brain were 2.5, 3.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 0.66 pg/g wet weight, respectively(5).

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting.

Acne-form dermatitis; headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), anorexia, dizziness; jaundice, liver injury

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for tetrachloronaphthalene can be estimated to be 13,700(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthlene can be estimated to be 14,000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Tetrachloronaphthalene is included on this list.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Chlorinated Naphthalene/

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Chlorinated Naphthalene/