Stearamid

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.6X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that stearic acid amide is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of stearic acid amide from moist soil surfaces is not an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Additionally, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Stearic acid amide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.7X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Stearic acid amide reached 62% degradation after 28 days in the CO2 Evolution test(4) indicating that biodegradation in an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.6X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that stearic acid amide is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 510(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.70(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Stearic acid amide reached 62% degradation after 28 days in the CO2 Evolution test(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), stearic acid amide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.7X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase stearic acid amide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase stearic acid amide may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Stearic acid amide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Stearic acid amide (Stearamide) is a solid. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor in oil wells. It is also used in food packaging, plastic and rubber products. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats (5/sex/dose) were administered stearamide in corn oil via gavage at a dose of 10,000 mg/kg and then observed for 14 days. No mortality was observed. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 were exposed to stearamide at concentrations of 50, 150, 500, 1500 or 5000 ug/plate in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Stearamide was not mutagenic in this assay.

Stearic acid amide has been detected in the emissions of cooked meat(1,2) at concentrations of 0.6, 8.4 and 17.2 mg/kg from frying hamburger, char-broiling extra-lean and regular hamburger, respectively (1). Average concentrations of stearic acid amide emitted during Chinese cooking practices were reported as 129, 48, 53, and 43 ng/mg, for Cantonese style, Sichuan style, Dongbei style, and Hunan style cooking, respectively(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of stearic acid amide can be estimated to be 4.6X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that stearic acid amide is expected to be immobile in soil.

Stearic acid amide's production and use in industry in anti-adhesive agents, lubricants and lubricant additives, plating agents and surface treating agents, processing aids, and viscosity adjustors and use in consumer applications such as in building and construction materials, food packaging, fuels and related products, and plastic and rubber products(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: Stearic acid amide reached 62% degradation based on CO2 evolution in 28 days using an activated sludge inoculum in the OECD Guideline 301 B(1). Using the Warburg respirometer screening test and activated sludge from 3 sewage treatment plants stearic acid amide reached approximately 3% of theoretical BOD after 24 hours(2). Additional biodegradation studies with analogous substances indicate that stearic acid amide is likely to be biodegradable under certain environmental conditions and have low environmental persistence(3).

SEDIMENT: In 1998, stearic acid amide was detected, but not quantified, in sediment samples collected from several locations near the German Bight, the south eastern bay of the North Sea(1).

SOIL: In 2002, stearic acid amide was detected, but not quantified, in sand samples collected from a sand dune 50 miles north of Saudi Arabia(1).

An estimated BCF of 510 was calculated in fish for stearic acid amide(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.70(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for stearic acid amide is estimated as 1.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that stearic acid amide is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces and moist soil surfaces(2). Additionally, volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). Stearic acid amide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.7X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex/dose) were administered /stearamide/ in corn oil via gavage at a dose of 10,000 mg/kg and then observed for 14 days. No mortality was observed.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 were exposed to /stearamide/ at concentrations of 50, 150, 500, 1500 or 5000 ug/plate in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Positive and negative controls were tested concurrently and responded appropriately. A precipitate was observed at concentrations >/= 500 ug/plate, but no indications of toxicity were observed. Stearamide was not mutagenic in this assay.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of stearic acid amide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Stearic acid amide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Stearic acid amide is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Substances classified as release agents, when migrating from food-packaging material shall include: Stearamide (stearic acid amide)