Diethylether

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

400.0 [ppm]

Water may be ineffective ... But water should be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Use water spray dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Separate from oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Avoid sunlight.

Floors of storage rooms should be conductive ... to ground out any possible static charge of individuals working in the room.

Ethers should not be stored near powerful oxidizers or in areas of high fire hazard. They should be kept cool and the containers electrically grounded to avoid sparks. /Ethers/

Spills and leakage: Absorb with paper. Evaporate completely all spilt surface. Dispose by burning the paper after complete ventilation of vapor.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Ethyl ether should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.

A two-well injection withdrawal experiment was conducted at a hazardous waste disposal site near Ottawa, Canada to assess the feasibility of aquifer restoration by means of a purge well network. The six day test involved injecting tracer labeled clean water into one well while withdrawing contaminated water from a well located 5 m away. Samples taken from multilevel sampling points located along flow lines between the two wells were analyzed to determine the concentrations of tracers and of volatile contaminants. Tracer breakthrough data were fitted to an approximate analytic solution to determine average linear velocities and dispersivities. The concentration histories obtained for 3 volatile organic contaminants (including diethyl ether) deviate significantly from that predicted using local equilibrium based transport models. Comparison with results of a one dimensional, kinetics based transport model indicates qualitative agreement between observed transport behavior and that expected for solutes affected by a first order reversible sorption process for which the rate constants are small relative to the groundwater velocity in the induced flow field.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U117, F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Diethyl ether is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. If concentrated waste contains no peroxides, discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. If concentrated waste contains peroxides, perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance is followed by open burning.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperture range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

The disposition of diflunisal (DF) at 10 mg/kg iv was investigated over 4 hr in bile-exteriorized male rats continuously anaesthetized with ... diethyl ether inhalation (as required) ... and compared to that obtained in conscious rats. 2. Diethyl ether decreased the plasma clearance of DF to about 30% of control values, by inhibition of both glucuronidation and sulfation of DF. ...

... Appears to increase the neuromuscular blockade caused by antibiotics such as neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin, and kanamycin.

... In Guinea pigs ... the sleep induced by barbiturates of ether was prolonged by chlordiazepoxide.

... Ether ... sleeping times are prolonged by imipramine but considerably less than by phenothiazine neuroleptics.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 2134 mg/L for 14 days; semistatic, 22 °C

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow, age 29 days) 2560 mg/L/96 hr; flow-through, 24.8 °C, pH 7.76, dissolved oxygen 7.1 mg/L, hardness 45.1 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 41.5 mg/L CaCO3

EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow, age 29 days) 2260 mg/L/96 hr; flow-through, 24.8 °C, pH 7.76, dissolved oxygen 7.1 mg/L, hardness 45.1 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 41.5 mg/L CaCO3; Effect: Affected fish lost schooling behavior and swam in a corkscrew/spiral pattern near the tank surface. They were underreactive to external stimuli, had increased respiration, were darkly colored, and lost equilibrium prior to death.

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 8.0; Concentration: 165 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: behavior, equilibrium

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 73(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.89(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diethyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.23X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of diethyl ether from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 538 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation of diethyl ether in soil is expected to be a slow process(SRC), based upon its slow biodegradation in an aqueous screening study(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 73(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.89(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Diethyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3) based on a Henry's Law constant of 1.23X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 hours and 3.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs ranging from 0.9 to 9.1 in carp(6) suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation of diethyl ether in water is expected to be a slow process(SRC), based upon its slow biodegradation in an aqueous screening study(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethyl ether, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 538 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and nitrate radicals(SRC); half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 1.2 and 5.8 days, respectively(3,4). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light in the environmental spectrum(5).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (T36) ; inhalation (T36)

U117; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when diethyl ether, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

F003; When diethyl ether is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F003), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous waste regulations.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 1/26/1994; Reporting date 3/28/94.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Diethyl ether is included on this list. Effective date 1/26/1994; Sunset date 6/30/1998.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Ethyl ether is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Ethyl ether

1

10000

Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.

(FL) FLORIDA 750 ug/l

(MN) MINNESOTA 1000 ug/l

(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 1,400 ug/l

Used as a solvent and a reagent in organic syntheses; [ACGIH] Used as a solvent (waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, gums, nitrocellulose, alkaloids); Also used to prime gasoline engines; [Merck Index]

Good solvent for fats, oils, dyes, gums, resins, raw rubber, smokeless powder, perfumes, and nitrocellulose. Also used in the manufacture of photographic films and pharmaceuticals, and as a reaction and extraction medium in the chemical industry. /Formerly (in U.S.A.)/ used as an inhalation anesthetic in surgery, a refrigerant, in diesel fuels, in dry cleaning, and as a starting fuel for engines.

... Used as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, dyes, gums, resins, nitrocellulose, hydrocarbons, raw rubber, and smokeless powder. ... used as an inhalation anesthetic, a refrigerant, in diesel fuels, in dry cleaning, as an extractant, and as a chemical reagent for various organic reactions.

For azeotropic distillation /entrainer/ to obtain better separation.

"Unrefined" grade is used as component of cold weather starting fluids for diesel and gasoline engines, usually blended with other volatile, flammable materials such as propane and butane.

For more Uses (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USP/ACS grade typically containing 2% alcohol; anhydrous grade typically containing 0.003% water and less than 0.01% alcohol.

Maximum limits of impurities: ethanol (preservative)= 2%, carbonyl compounds= 0.001%, water= 0.01%, acetic acid= 5 ppm, heavy metals= 1 ppm, nickel= 0.1 ppm /Ether, anhydrous, 'Photrex' reagent, for spectrophotometry/

(1964) 3.96X10+8 GRAMS

(1984) 1.68X10+9 g

(1972) 3.31X10+6 GRAMS

(1975) 7.75X10+7 GRAMS

(1984) 9.55X10+5 g

2023: 4,000,000 - <5,500,000 lb

(1972) 3.15X10+10 GRAMS (TECHNICAL GRADE)

(1975) 1.25X10+10 GRAMS (TECHNICAL GRADE)

Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#201]

65% AS A SOLVENT; 25% IN CHEM SYNTH (INCL AS AN INT FOR MONOETHANOLAMINE AND ETHYLENE); 3% AS A GENERAL ANESTHETIC AND IN OTHER MEDICAL USES; AND 7% IN MISC USES (INCL AS A DENATURANT FOR ETHYL ALCOHOL)(1974)

Solvent & chemical syntheses, 75%; Diesel & gasoline engine starting fluids, 25% (1983)

Produced on large scale by dehydration of ethanol or by hydration of ethylene, both processes being carried out in the presence of sulfuric acid.

Vapor phase dehydration of ethanol in a fixed-bed reactor using an alumina catalyst in greater than 95% yield.

/From/ ethylene (catalytic hydration; byproduct of ethanol production)

In countries where ethanol is produced synthetically, diethyl ether is produced in sufficient quantities as a byproduct to make its synthesis unnecessary.

For more Methods of Manufacturing (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Grade: USP (for anesthesia); ACS reagent; ACS absolute; CP; concentrated; USP 1880; washed; motor; electronic.

USI (National Distillers) produces four grades: unrefined, USP, ACS, and anhydrous.

Two grades of diethyl ether are commercially available: technical-grade ether and anesthetic ether. There are no universally accepted specifications for technical-grade ether, but it is conventionally free of peroxides. Anhydrous technical-grade ether has a maximum water content of 500 mg/kg. Anesthetic ether has a neutral reaction, is free from foreign odors, passes the tests for peroxides and aldehydes, and has a maximum water content of 0.2%

Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes