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HCID 3589Erstellt: 4. November 2026

Heptachlor (ISO)

Hepta · Heptachlor Standard · E3314 · E3314(R) · Heptachloor · 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-HEPTACHLORO-3A,4,7,7A-TETRAHYDRO-4,7-METHANOINDENE · GPkh · H-34

https://huagongshe.com/de/chemical/3589

Molekülstruktur von Heptachlor (ISO)

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.76-44-8
SummenformelC10H5Cl7
Durchschnittliche Molmasse373,3 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse369,821094 g/mol
SMILESClC1=C(Cl)C2(Cl)C3C(Cl)C=CC3C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl
InChIKeyFRCCEHPWNOQAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID3589
ChEMBLCHEMBL194400
ChEBICHEBI:34785
EC No.200-962-3
DTXSIDDTXSID3020679
Lokaler NameHeptachlor (ISO)

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

XLogP4,3
Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)0
H-Brücken-Donoren0
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren0
Frei drehbare Bindungen0
Schwere Atome17
Formalladung0
Komplexität467
StoffklassenHazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Carcinogens
SpringerMaterials PropertiesFusion temperature
PestizidePesticide -> EPA IRISAgrochemicals -> Pesticide active substancesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedPesticides -> Organochlorine PesticidesPesticide (Heptachlor) -> USDA PDB
LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient)log Kow = 6.105.27/5.445.58
GeruchCamphor-like odor
Dichte1.66 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.57 @ 9 °C1.6 g/cm³1.57 @ 9°C1.6 g/cm3
Color/FormWhite to light tan waxy solidWhite to light tan crystals.
Löslichkeitless than 0.1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)g/100 ml solvent @ 27 °C: acetone 75, benzene 106, carbon tetrachloride 112, cyclohexanone 119, alcohol 4.5, xylene 102Soluble in hexane.Soluble in ethyl ether, ethanol, ligroinIn water, 0.18 mg/l @ 25 °CSolubility in water: none0.056 mg l-1 (25-29 °C)
CorrosivityCorrosive to metals.
Endocrine DisruptorsPotential endocrine disrupting compound
SiedepunktDecomposes (NTP, 1992)145 °C @ 1.5 MM HG293 °F (decomposes)458.95°C (rough estimate)
DecompositionDecomposition products: Toxic gases and vapors which include: hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide.160 °C
Schmelzpunkt96℃
Dampfdruck2.33(x 10-4 mmHg) at 25 °C (subcooled liquid vapor pressure calculated from GC retention time data, Hinckleyet al., 1990)
Brechungsindex1.5407 (estimate)
Flammpunkt11 °C
LagerbedingungenAPPROX 4°C
Merck13,4675
Henry-Konstante0.19(x 10-3 atmm3/mol) at 5 °C, 0.31 at 15 °C, 0.40 at 20 °C, 0.61 at 25 °C, 0.82 at 35 °C:in 3% NaCl solution: 0.52 at 5 °C, 0.82 at 15 °C, 1.33 at 25 °C, 2.09 at 35 °C (gas stripping-GC, Cetin et al., 2006)
StabilitätStable. Non-combustible. Incompatible with strong alkali, oxidizing agents. Corrodes many metals.
EPA chemische InformationenHeptachlor (76-44-8)

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

GHS-EinstufungDangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H300 (93.8%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
Regulatorische InformationenHazard Traits - BioaccumulationCarcinogenicityDevelopmental ToxicityEnvironmental PersistenceHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNeurotoxicityReproductive ToxicityRegulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)Substance: HeptachlorThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
Weitere SicherheitsinformationenIMAP assessments - 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-: Environment tier I assessment
DOT-KennzeichnungPoison
BrandgefahrenSpecial Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating hydrogen chloride fumes may form in fire. (USCG, 1999)Not combustible. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
BrandpotenzialNon-combustible
GesundheitsgefahrenInhalation of dust causes irritability, tremors, and collapse. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Contract with dust causes irritation of eyes and moderate irritation of skin. (USCG, 1999)
GefahrenübersichtHeptachlor was used as an insecticidehowever, nearly all registered uses of heptachlor have been canceled. Very limited information is available on the health effects of heptachlor in humans. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure to heptachlor may result in nervous system effects, with oral studies showing gastrointestinal effects. Animal studies have reported effects on the liver and central nervous system from oral exposure. Chronic (long-term) inhalation and oral exposure by humans may be associated with neurological effects including irritability, salivation, and dizziness, while oral exposure may result in effects on the blood. Human studies are inconclusive regarding heptachlor and cancer. Animal oral studies have reported liver tumors. EPA has classified heptachlor as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.

Anwendungen & Verwendung

Beschreibung

Heptachlor is a soft, white to light tan, waxy, non-combustible, crystalline solid with a camphor-like odour. Heptachlor is a member of the cyclodiene group of chlorinated insecticides (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, heptachlor, and endosulfan) and has a long history following World War II. It was registered as a commercial pesticide in 1952 for foliar, soil, and structure applications and for malarial control programmes; after 1960, it was used primarily in soil applications against agricultural pests and to a lesser extent against termites. Heptachlor is available commercially as a dust, a dust concentrate, an emulsifiable concentrate, a wettable powder, or in oil solutions. It is corrosive to metals and reacts with iron and rust to form hydrogen chloride gas. Heptachlor is incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides but is stable under normal temperatures and pressures. It may burn, but does not ignite readily. Heptachlor at high heat and temperature produces highly toxic, corrosive fumes of hydrogen chlorine gas and toxic oxides of carbon. An important metabolite of heptachlor is heptachlor epoxide which is an oxidation product formed from heptachlor by many plant and animal species. Heptachlor is almost insoluble in water but soluble in ether, acetone, benzene, and many other organic solvents.

Verwenden

Heptachlor is used for the control of termites, ants, household insects and soil insects. It is also applied as a seed treatment, soil treatment or directly to foliage.

Herstellung & Synthese

synthetische

Heptachlor may be synthesized by reacting chlordene with N-bromosuccinimide to give the intermediate 1-bromochlordene followed by chlorination with hydrogen chloride in nitromethane in the presence of aluminum trichloride.

High-dose animal studies show that organochlorine insecticides can cause liver injury. [LaDou, p. 593] No evidence of hepatic injury in humans as the result of environmental contamination. [Zimmerman, p. 414] Heptachlor exposure has been associated with aplastic anemia, e.g., after domestic application for termite control, but no dose-dependent relationship was found
[ACGIH] TLV basis = liver damage
Heptachlor epoxide (1024-57-3) is apparently formed during the environmental degradation of heptachlor. [ACGIH]
DOT-Nummer und Handbuch2761 151(organochlorine pesticide, solid)
Reaktive GruppeHalogenated Organic Compounds
EG-EinstufungSymbol: T, NR: 24/25-33-40-50/53S: (1/2)-36/37-45-60-61
UN-EinstufungUN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: II
Special ReportsHODGSON E ET ALJ ENVIRON SCI HEALTH B 15 (6): 723-54 (1980)USEPA/CAGCarcinogenicity Risk Assessment for Chlordane and Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide (Draft) (1985) EPA Contract No. 68-02-4131Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Heptachlor (1980) EPA 440/5-80-052WHOEnviron Health Criteria: Heptachlor (1984)For more Special Reports (Complete) data for HEPTACHLOR (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
BrandbekämpfungExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
Erste-Hilfe-MaßnahmenFresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .
Erste HilfeEYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.(General first aid procedures)
Sichere LagerungProvision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants, metals and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Dry. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Expositionsschutz und Persönliche SchutzausrüstungTIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].0.05 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]
BrandbekämpfungsverfahrenIf material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn, or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog.
LagerbedingungenProtect containers against physical damage. Outdoor or detached storage is preferredin case of indoor storage, cool, well-ventilated, fire-proof place should be used and kept away from source of ignition.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/
ReinigungsverfahrenA PROCESS FOR REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM DU PONT'S CHAMBERS WORKS PLANT IN DEEPWATER, NJ IS DESCRIBED. PROCESS INVOLVES NEUTRALIZATION OF WASTES & SETTLING, FOLLOWED BY COMBINED POWDERED CARBON-BIOLOGICAL PROCESS. AMONG PESTICIDES LISTED AS PRIORITY POLLUTANTS ARE HEPTACHLOR & CHLORDANE.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.... Liquid containing heptachlor should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.Treatment technologies which are capable of removing heptachlor from drinking water include adsorption by granular activated carbon and ozone or ozone/ultraviolet radiation.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for HEPTACHLOR (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Freisetung ohne BrandExcerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:
EntsorgungsverfahrenGenerators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers P059D031, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Heptachlor is a potential candidate for incineration by a rotary kiln with a temperature of 820-1600 °C with a residence time for liquids and gases: secondsSolids: hours.Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for HEPTACHLOR (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Verschüttetes entsorgenPersonal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Preventive MeasuresSRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Wear appropriate equipment /clothing/ to prevent ... skin contact with heptachlor. ... Wash ... immediately when skin becomes contaminated. ... Work clothing should be changed daily if there is any possibility that it may be contaminated. ... Immediately remove non-impervious clothing that becomes contaminated. ... Wear eye protection to prevent ... eye contact. ... A quick drench eyewash /station/ should be available. ...Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dust, and fumes from burning material. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for HEPTACHLOR (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
KörperbelastungHUMAN: Total heptachlor concns (ie, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide) in human milk were measured at locations around the world as follows(1): Kenya (whole milk, 0.5 ug/l1979)Alberta, Canada (milk fat, 0.002 mg/kg1966-1970)Alberta, Canada (milk fat, 0.03 mg/kg1977-1978)Mexico (milk fat, 0.01 mg/kg1976)Northeast, USA (milk fat, 0.07 +/- 0.04 mg/kg1975)Southeast, USA (milk fat, 0.13 +/- 0.21 mg/kgMidwest, USA (milk fat, 0.09 +/- 0.07 mg/kgSouthwest, USA (milk fat, 0.07 +/- 0.10 mg/kgNorthwest, USA (milk fat, 0.07 +/- 0.10 mg/kgVienna, Austria (milk fat, 0.010-0.013 mg/kgFrance (milk fat, 0.06-1.30 mg/kg1971-1972)Germany (milk fat, 0.03-0.37 mg/kg1973-1974). Human milk samples obtained from 1,436 women residing in the United States were analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. While heptachlor was recovered in less than 2% of the samples, heptachlor epoxide was found in 63% of the samples(2). The proportion of breast milk samples containing heptachlor epoxide varied significantly among the five geographic regions (66.1 to 128 ppb) with the southeastern states having the highest mean residual level(2). One possible explanation for the higher level in the southeastern states is that more homes were treated with heptachlor for termite control(2). The mean residual level of heptachlor epoxide for the whole United States was 91.4 ppb(2). A 5-month follow-up study of four pregnant Iraqi women without occupational exposure to organochlorine pesticides found an avg total heptachlor level in mother's whole milk of 0.051 mg/kg (range, 15 to 68 mg/kg)(3). Heptachlor was found at concns <1 to 2 ng/g in the milk of Australian women exposed to heptachlor from its use as an insecticide(4).Heptachlor was detected but not quantified in human adipose tissue(1). The concn of heptachlor in Jordanian adipose tissue samples were 0.1580 ppm (range, <0.0005 to 1.380 ppm), 0.1730 ppm (range, <0.0005 to 0.8200 ppm), 0.1570 ppm (range, <0.0005 to 1.310 ppm), 0.0860 ppm (range, <0.0005 to 1.610 ppm), and 0.0820 ppm (range, <0.0005 to 0.5800 ppm) for age groups 0 to 14 yrs, 15 to 29 yrs, 30 to 44 yrs, 45 to 59 yrs and >60 yrs, respectively(2). During 1982 and 1983, heptachlor was detected in the blood of 19% of 112 residents from El Paso, Texas at a mean concn of 3.1 ppb (range, not detected to 9.9 ppb)(3).
TreatmentTreatment is symptomatic and is aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. (L118)
Cancer SitesHepatic[in animals: liver cancer]
WechselwirkungenCHRONIC ADMIN OF ... HEPTACHLOR ... TO RATS ENHANCED HEPATIC METABOLISM, BOTH IN VIVO & IN VITRO, OF 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL & ESTRONE, & DECR THEIR UTEROTROPIC ACTION.In a preliminary investigation of the developmental effects of chemicals in mixture, three compounds were combined using two doses of each agent (a 2x2x2 design). F-344 rats were gavaged on gestation days 6-15 with solutions of trichloroethylene (32 or 320 mg/kg/day), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (78 or 780 mg/kg/day), and heptachlor (0.8 or 8 mg/kg/day) in corn oil. Each high dose was selected to produce minimal maternal toxicity when administered alone. The dams were allowed to deliver and their litters were examined on days 1 and 6. Implants were counted to determine prenatal loss. Maternal weight gain on gestation days 6-8 showed main effects of all three chemicals, but no significant interactions. Gestational weight gains exclusive of live litter weights revealed trichloroethylene and heptachlor main effects as well as a trichloroethylene-heptachlor interaction. Developmentally, full litter resorptions occurred in 20-75% of the dams in groups receiving a high dose of at least two of the compounds. Prenatal losses indicated a marginal trichloroethylene-heptachlor interaction. On day 1, main effects of trichloroethylene and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were present for pup weight, while by day 6, only trichloroethylene exerted a main effect. Dose responses and synergistic effects of these toxicants are currently being pursued using additional doses in a 5x5x5 design.CONTRARY TO EXPECTATIONS HEXADECANE HAD NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE BODY CLEARANCE OF HEPTACHLOR IN RATS. HOWEVER, PHASE II ENZYME INDUCTION ALTERED THE KINETICS OF HEPTACHLOR DRAMATICALLY, REDUCING ITS HALF-LIFE BY ABOUT 1/3. REDUCTION OF HALF-LIFE WAS REFLECTED IN CORRESPONDINGLY LOWERED ADIPOSE TISSUE & BLOOD LEVELS.
ZielorganeHepaticcentral nervous system,liver
Gesundheitliche AuswirkungenExposure to heptachlor may cause damage to your liver, nervous system, and immune system. (L118)
ÖkotoxizitätswerteLC50 APLEXA HYPNORUM (SNAILS) 1450 UG/L/96 HR (95% CONFIDENCE LEVEL 1260-1680 UG/L). TECHNICAL GRADE HEPTACHLOR WAS USED IN THESE TESTS. /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/LC50 TANYTARSUS DISSIMILIS (CHIRONOMIDS) IS MORE THAN THE CONCN USED (2500 UG/L/48 HR). TECHNICAL GRADE HEPTACHLOR WAS USED IN THESE TESTS. /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/LC50 BOBWHITE QUAIL ORAL 92 PPM IN 5 DAY DIET (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 76-113 PPM), 23 DAYS OLDLC50 RING-NECKED PHEASANT 224 PPM IN 5 DAY DIET (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 191-265 PPM), 8 DAYS OLDFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for HEPTACHLOR (34 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
UmweltverhaltenTERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values for heptachlor from 13,330-661,000(2), indicates that heptachlor is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of heptachlor from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.94X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). However, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to soil(SRC). When heptachlor was applied to orchard grass, approximately 90% was lost in 7 days(4). Six hours and 6 days after application of heptachlor to a moist soil surface, 50% and 90% of the heptachlor had volatilized, respectively(5). However, only 7% of heptachlor incorporated 7.5 cm into soil had volatilized after 167 days(5). Fifty hours following the application of heptachlor to a dry soil surface, 14 to 40% of the heptachlor had volatilized(5). In moist soil, heptachlor readily undergoes hydrolysis to 1-hydrochlorodene which is then readily converted by microorganisms into heptachlor epoxide(6). Chemical hydrolysis half-lives for heptachlor are 5.4, 4.3, 4.5, 4.5, and 3.0 days for pH 4.5,5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0, respectively(7). Heptachlor absorbs light weakly above 290 nm(8) and thin films of heptachlor have been shown to undergo direct photolysis when exposed to sunlight and artificial light sources >290 nm(9). Degradation of heptachlor in flooded Casiguran sandy loam after 1 month and Louisiana clay after 2 months was complete (initial concn about 13 ppm) and nearly complete in Maahas clay after 3 months(10). In Pila clay loam, degradation proceeded to only about 5 ppm from the initial level of about 13 ppm after 3 months(10). Biodegradation of heptachlor by soil microorganisms produced heptachlor epoxide and chlordene(11). Field dissipation half-lives for heptachlor can range from 40 days to 5.5 yrs(2).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a range of Koc values for heptachlor from 13,330 to 661,000(2), indicates that heptachlor is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.94X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 9 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 1.5 years hours if adsorption is considered(5). The volatilization half-life of heptachlor was determined to be 0.73 days from static distilled water and 0.29 days from stirred river water(depth not specified)(6). According to a classification scheme(7), BCF values ranging from 200 to 37,000(8-13), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Heptachlor readily undergoes chemical hydrolysis to 1-hydrochlorodene which is then readily processed by microorganisms into heptachlor epoxide(14). Chemical hydrolysis half-lives for heptachlor are 5.4, 4.3, 4.5, 4.5, and 3.0 days for pH 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0, respectively(15). When heptachlor was aerobically incubated with acclimated, mixed microbial cultures, an average of 95.3% of the initial heptachlor was removed in 4 weeks(16). The products were chlordene, 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene and heptachlor epoxide(17). Anaerobic incubation with thick sewage sludge inoculum at 53 °C resulted in complete degradation of 10 ppm heptachlor in about 1 day(18).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), heptachlor, which has a vapor pressure of 4.0X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase heptachlor is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC). The half-life for reaction with hydroxyl radicals in air is estimated to be 6.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.11X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). The half-life for reaction with ozone in air is estimated to be 1.4 hour(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase heptachlor may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Heptachlor absorbs weakly above 290 nm(4) and thin films of heptachlor have been shown to undergo direct photolysis when exposed to sunlight and artificial light sources >290 nm(4).
LebensmitteluntersuchungswerteCommercially prepared baby food sampled from July 1963 to June 1967, the heptachlor epoxide residues were found in 0.9% of the 684 samples with most of the positive samples showing residues in the range from trace to 0.03 mg/kg. /Heptachlor epoxide/Side-dressing of heptachlor (5% dust) resulted in the absorption of residues in root crops 35 days before harvest. Absorption of residues in potatoes were 9 to 11% of initial deposits of 3.72 to 3.85 ppm heptachlorabsorption of residues in sweet potatoes were 13 to 15% of initial deposits of 5.46 to 5.84 ppm heptachlorabsorption of residues in onions were 13 to 16% of initial deposits of 11.20 to 11.69 ppm heptachlor. The absorption was highest in potato followed by sweet potato and onion. The harvest time residues were considerably influenced by the post-harvest processings. Washing alone removed 22-29% residues from all the cropswashing followed by peeling and cooking reduced 85-93% residues from sweet potato, and 94-100% residues from potato. Dehydration reduced 74-100, 80-100 and 84-100% residues from sweet potato, potato and onion, respectively. Cooking was most effective, and left 0.03 ppm of heptachlor in sweet potato and potato, and no residues in onion at 10.0 kg active ingredient/hectacre.The mean concn of heptachlor was measured, as part of FDA Total Diet Study, in homemade cornbread (0.002 ppm), cracked wheat bread (0.0005 ppm), plain bagel (0.0006 ppm), toasted English muffin (0.0007 ppm), and cheese pizza (0.0004 ppm)(1).The concn of total heptachlor (ie, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide) was measured in the following foods in the US(1): domestic cheese (avg, 0.0001 ppm0.4% of 784 samples)red meat(avg, 0.016 ppm20.7% of 15,200 samples)poultry (avg, 0.013 ppm16.5% of 11,340 samples)domestic whole grains (avg, <0.0001 ppm0.2% of 947 samples)domestic vine and ear vegetables (avg, <0.0001 ppm0.4% of 2,954 samples)imported vine and ear vegetables (avg, 0.0006 ppm0.2% of 4,117 samples)corn and corn products (avg, 0.126 ppmrange, trace-19.0 ppm3.6% of 280 samples)soybeans (avg, 0.04 ppmrange, 0.04-0.05 ppm1.9% of 104 samples). Heptachlor was infrequently found in leaf and stem vegetables(1).Heptachlor was detected in 1 of 11 and 3 of 10 cheese samples from Comarca Lagunera and Soconusco, Mexico(1). Over 50% of the chicken's eggs from Comarca Lagunera, Mexico also contained heptachlor(2). Heptachlor was detected in 16 of 105 chicken fat samples collected between Apr 1980 and Feb 1982 in Kenyathe mean concn was <0.01 mg/kg (range, 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg)(3). Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide combined were detected at avg concns of 5.3 ppb in 1974 and 6.6 ppb in 1980 upon soybeans grown in Illinois(4). For vegetables surveyed in the markets of Delhi, India from Aug 1984 to Jan 1986, the avg heptachlor concns were 12 ug/kg for potato4 ug/kg for colocasia20 ug/kg for radish15 ug/kg for onion4 ug/kg for cabbage2 ug/kg for cauliflower1 ug/kg for coriander21 ug/kg for spinach23 ug/kg for brinjal1 ug/kg for ladyfinger1 ug/kg for french beans4 ug/kg for tomato389 ug/kg for green peas23 ug/kg for bottle gourd2 ug/kg for smooth gourd2 ug/kg for bitter gourd10 ug/kg for cucumberand 42 ug/kg for chilies(5). As part of the Belgian Total Diet Study (1991-1993), heptachlor was detected in raw tea at a mean concn of 0.002 ppm (max, 0.03 ppm1.6% of samples positive)(6,7).
Unerwünschte WirkungenOccupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
ExpositionspfadeThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of dust, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L116)inhalation (L116)dermal (L116)
Milk ConcentrationsHUMAN: Total heptachlor concns (ie, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide) in human milk were measured at locations around the world as follows(1): Kenya (whole milk, 0.5 ug/l1979)Alberta, Canada (milk fat, 0.002 mg/kg1966-1970)Alberta, Canada (milk fat, 0.03 mg/kg1977-1978)Mexico (milk fat, 0.01 mg/kg1976)Northeast, USA (milk fat, 0.07 +/- 0.04 mg/kg1975)Southeast, USA (milk fat, 0.13 +/- 0.21 mg/kgMidwest, USA (milk fat, 0.09 +/- 0.07 mg/kgSouthwest, USA (milk fat, 0.07 +/- 0.10 mg/kgNorthwest, USA (milk fat, 0.07 +/- 0.10 mg/kgVienna, Austria (milk fat, 0.010-0.013 mg/kgFrance (milk fat, 0.06-1.30 mg/kg1971-1972)Germany (milk fat, 0.03-0.37 mg/kg1973-1974). Human milk samples obtained from 1,436 women residing in the United States were analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. While heptachlor was recovered in less than 2% of the samples, heptachlor epoxide was found in 63% of the samples(2). The proportion of breast milk samples containing heptachlor epoxide varied significantly among the five geographic regions (66.1 to 128 ppb) with the southeastern states having the highest mean residual level(2). One possible explanation for the higher level in the southeastern states is that more homes were treated with heptachlor for termite control(2). The mean residual level of heptachlor epoxide for the whole United States was 91.4 ppb(2). A 5-month follow-up study of four pregnant Iraqi women without occupational exposure to organochlorine pesticides found an avg total heptachlor level in mother's whole milk of 0.051 mg/kg (range, 15 to 68 mg/kg)(3). Heptachlor was found at concns <1 to 2 ng/g in the milk of Australian women exposed to heptachlor from its use as an insecticide(4). The mean concn of heptachlor in human milk samples collected in Cairo (Egypt) in May 1987 was 1 ppb (1 of 31 samples)(5).COW: Heptachlor was detected with 0.2% frequency of occurrence and an avg concn of less than 0.1 ppb in 4,638 samples of cow's milk(1). The mean concn of heptachlor in 14.4% of 97 samples of pasteurized cow's milk from all parts of Spain was 0.011 ppm(2). Between Oct 1988 to Jun 1990, the mean concn of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide residues in pasteurized cow's milk from Santa Fe City (Argentina) was 0.0549 mg/kg (range, not detected to 0.31299% of 120 samples)(3). Adapted infant formulas from Spain contained heptachlor residues of 13.5 ug/l (4 of 45 samples)(4).
RCRA-AnforderungenP059As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when heptachlor, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).D031A solid waste containing heptachlor may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.
LuftstandardsListed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Heptachlor is included on this list.
CERCLA-MeldepflichtmengenPersons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
Clean Water Act AnforderungenToxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations.Heptachlor is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of heptachlor through ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero, based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero levels may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental incr of cancer risk over a lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, or 1X10-7. The corresponding recommended criteria are 2.78 ng/l, 0.28 ng/l, and 0.028 ng/l, respectively. If these estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 2.85 ng/l, 0.29 ng/l, and 0.029 ng/l, respectively.
State Drinking Water Standards(CA) CALIFORNIA 0.01 ug/l(IL) ILLINOIS 0.1 ug/l
Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser(AZ) ARIZONA 0.008 ug/l(ME) MAINE 0.08 ug/l(MN) MINNESOTA 0.08 ug/l
Federal Drinking Water StandardsEPA 0.4 ug/l
Berufliche Expositionsstufe (OEB)C
Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert (OEL)TWA: 0.5 mg/m3 [skin]
Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK)3
Sofort lebensgefährliche Konzentration35 mg/m3
UN-Transportnummer2761
RTECS-Nr.PC0700000
R-Sätze (R)24/25-33-40-50/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-67-65-38-51/53
ToxizitätLD50 in male, female rats (mg/kg): 100, 162 orally (Gaines)
GefahrensymboleT,N,F,Xn
Sicherheitshinweise (S)36/37-45-60-61-62-16-7
Gefahrenklasse6.1(a)
VerpackungsgruppeII
Gefahrstoffdaten76-44-8(Hazardous Substances Data)