Nifurthiazole

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for NIFURTHIAZOLE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for NIFURTHIAZOLE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 238(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nifurthiazole is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of nifurthiazole from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Nifurthiazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 238(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nifurthiazole is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Nifurthiazole will be essentially non-volatile from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.99(6,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data for nifurthiazole are not found(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nifurthiazole, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase nifurthiazole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 22 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase nifurthiazole may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Biodegradation data for nifurthiazole is not readily available(SRC).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for nifurthiazole can be estimated to be about 238(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that nifurthiazole is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Rf values for nifurthiazole were determined using Thin Layer Chromatography and mixtures of chloroform:methanol (9:1), acetonitrile:ammonium hydroxide:water (10:3:0.5), and chloroform:methanol:formic acid (6.5:3:0.5). The Rf values were determined to be 0.36, 0.76, and 0.81, respectively. According to a classification scheme(3), these values suggest that nifurthiazole will be moderately mobile in soil(SRC).

2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 7: (1974) Some Anti-thyroid and Related Substances, Nitrofurans and Industrial Chemicals

1987

1987

An estimated BCF of 3.3 was calculated for nifurthiazole(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.99(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for nifurthiazole is estimated as 7.6X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that nifurthiazole will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Nifurthiazole's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). Nifurthiazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

THIRTY MALE & 30 FEMALE WEANLING SPRAGUE-DAWLEY & 30 FEMALE WEANLING BUFFALO RATS WERE FED DIET CONTAINING 2000 PPM FOR 46 WK FOLLOWED BY CONTROL DIET...AN ADDITIONAL 18 WK... OF THE 29 MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS, ALL DEVELOPED A TOTAL OF 49 TUMORS INCL 8 BENIGN MAMMARY TUMORS...7 BENIGN & 14 MALIGNANT RENAL TUBULAR TUMORS, 5 TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMAS OF RENAL PELVIS, 1 RENAL FIBROMA, 10 HEPATIC CYSTIC ADENOMAS & 4 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS. THE 26 FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS ALL DEVELOPED TOTAL OF 68 TUMORS INCL 9 BENIGN & 16 MALIGNANT MAMMARY TUMORS...8 BENIGN & 11 MALIGNANT RENAL TUBULAR TUMORS, 9 HEPATIC CYSTIC ADENOMAS... 29 FEMALE BUFFALO RATS ALL DEVELOPED A TOTAL OF 68 TUMORS INCL 6 BENIGN & 22 MALIGNANT MAMMARY TUMORS...5 BENIGN & 10 MALIGNANT RENAL TUBULAR TUMORS, 4 TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMAS OF RENAL PELVIS, 11 HEPATIC CYSTIC ADENOMAS, 4 LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIAS & 6 TUMORS AT OTHER SITES. TWO BENIGN MAMMARY TUMORS WERE PRESENT IN 29 FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY CONTROLS, WHILE NO TUMORS...FOUND IN 29 MALE CONTROLS NOR IN THE 30 FEMALE BUFFALO CONTROL RATS.

A GROUP OF 50 5-WK OLD FEMALE SWISS MICE WAS FED A DIET CONTAINING 1000 PPM...FOR 13 WK. ...THE CONTROL DIET WAS THEN FED FOR...17 WK, AFTER WHICH A DIET CONTAINING 1000 PPM FNT WAS FED FOR ADDITIONAL 16 WK, FOLLOWED AGAIN BY CONTROL DIET FOR 7 WK. MEAN TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF FNT WAS 1.2 G/MOUSE. ... OF 22 TREATED.../MICE/ THAT SURVIVED FOR 18 WK OR MORE, ALL DEVELOPED TUMORS, THE TOTAL BEING 58 & INCL 14 SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS OF THE STOMACH, 4 MIXED SQUAMOUS-CELL & ADENOCARCINOMAS OF STOMACH, 3 ADENOCARCINOMAS OF STOMACH, 9 PULMONARY ALVEOLAR-CELL CARCINOMAS, 7 MAMMARY ADENOCARCINOMAS, 19 GENERALIZED LEUKEMIAS, 2 TUMORS AT OTHER SITES. FORESTOMACH TUMORS FREQUENTLY METASTASIZED TO VISCERAL PERITONEUM, LIVER & LUNGS. OF 44 CONTROL MICE THAT SURVIVED...1 HAD PULMONARY ALVEOLAR-CELL CARCINOMA & 15 HAD LEUKEMIA; HOWEVER, THE INCIDENCES OF THESE TUMORS IN TREATED ANIMALS WERE SIGNIFICANT...

A GROUP OF 24 WEANLING MALE SYRIAN GOLDEN HAMSTERS WAS FED A DIET CONTAINING 1000 PPM FNT FOR 48 WK, FOLLOWED BY THE CONTROL DIET FOR ADDITIONAL 22 WK (TOTAL DOSE 2.7 G, 10.8 MMOLES). ALL OF 24 HAMSTERS SURVIVING 6 OR MORE WK DEVELOPED TUMORS, THE TOTAL BEING 29 & INCLUDING 13 FORESTOMACH PAPILLOMAS, 9 URINARY BLADDER TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMAS, 6 ADRENAL ADENOMAS & 1 RENAL PELVIS TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA. ONE ADRENAL ADENOMA WAS PRESENT AMONG 24 UNTREATED CONTROLS.

A diet containing 500 ppm FNT was fed to 30 5-week old female Swiss mice for 33 weeks (total dose, 710 mg/mouse) followed by the control diet for an additional 19 weeks. Of 20 treated mice that survived for 10 or more weeks, 19 developed a total of 24 tumors including 11 papillomas and 1 carcinoma of the forestomach, 2 pulmonary alveolar-cell carcinomas and 10 lymphocytic leukemias (p < 0.001, leukemia being present in 2/29 control mice surviving for 10 or more weeks). Twenty-two of the control mice survived for more than 50 weeks.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of nifurthiazole with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Nifurthiazole is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3).