| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (3 of 3) of all reports.Not ClassifiedAggregated GHS information provided per 3 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityEndocrine ToxicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNeurotoxicityReproductive ToxicityHazard Traits - BioaccumulationEnvironmental PersistenceRegulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.Substance: Diphenyl ether, pentabromo derivative |
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| Brandpotenzial | Not combustible |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | Moderately irritating to skin[Hawley] May cause liver injuryCan be absorbed through skinThe technical product is a mixture of tetra-, penta-, and hexabromodiphenyl ethers[ICSC] A mild skin and moderate eye irritant, based on animal studies[CHEMINFO] See Decabromodiphenyl ether. |
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| Special Reports | European UnionDiphenyl ether, pentabromo derivative (pentabromodiphenyl ether). European Union Risk Assessment Report. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Committees, (2001).[Available from, as of October 28, 2010: http://ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/DOCUMENTS/Existing-Chemicals/RISK_ASSESSMENT/REPORT/penta_bdpereport015.pdf]USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment: An Exposure Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, EPA/600/R-08/086F (May 2010).[Available from, as of September 23, 2010: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=210404#Download]WHOEnviron Health Criteria 162: Brominated Diphenyl Ethers (1994). EHC are designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.[Available from, as of October 26, 2010: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc162.htm] |
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| TSCA-Anforderungen | (a) Chemical substances and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substances identified as tetrabromodiphenyl ether, pentabromodiphenyl ether, hexabromodiphenyl ether, heptabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether, and nonabromodiphenyl ether, or any combination of these substances resulting from a chemical reaction are subject to reporting under this section for the significant new uses described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (2) The significant new use is manufacture or import for any use on or after January 1, 2005. (b) Specific requirements. The provisions of subpart A of this part apply to this section except as modified by this paragraph. (1) Persons who must report. Section 721.5 applies to this section except for section 721.5(a)(2). A person who intends to manufacture or import for commercial purposes a substance identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section and intends to distribute the substance in commerce must submit a significant new use notice.Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 1/11/90Reporting date: 3/12/90.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Pentabromodiphenyl ether is included on this list. Effective date 1/11/90Sunset date: 6/30/98. |
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| Toxic Combustion Products | The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes including hydrogen bromide or bromine. |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Not Classified |
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| Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations | A moderate skin irritant. |
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| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | In case of fire in the surroundings: use appropriate extinguishing media. |
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| Lagerbedingungen | Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. |
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| Reinigungsverfahren | Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
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| Preventive Measures | Avoid inhalation of mist.SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker. |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Intermediate Inhalation: 0.006 mg/m3 (L134)
Acute Oral: 0.03 mg/kg/day (L134)
Intermediate Oral: 0.007 mg/kg/day (L134) |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Safety goggles.A/P2 filter respirator for organic vapor and harmful dust. |
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| Körperbelastung | Samples of human milk from 26 women in North Rhine Westfalia, Germany, were analyzed for pentabromodiphenyl ether, measured as Bromkal 70-DE. Concentrations in the milk from 25 of the women were 0.62-11.1 ug/kg fat. In one Chinese woman, a level of 50 ug/kg fat was found(1). The concentration of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl in human adipose tissue was 1.1 ng/g lipid wt(2). The concentration of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether in the adipose tissue of a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 1.1 ng/g lipid basis(3). The concentrations of pentabromodiphenyl ethers in the adipose tissue of two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome were 1.8 and 0.2 ng/g lipid basis, respectively(3). The mean concentration of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl in U.S. blood donors in 1988 was 0.58 pmol/g lipid wt (range, <0.4-6.6 pmol/g lipid weight8 of 12 samples, positive)(4). The mean concentration of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl in U.S. blood donors in 1988 was 0.30 pmol/g lipid wt (range, <0.2-4.2 pmol/g lipid weight10 of 12 samples, positive)(4). Adipose tissue concentrations of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether were reported as not detected-1.6, 0.02-1.14, 0.74-5.51, <0.003-0.36, <0.7-2.1, 0.78-1.7 and 2.17-72 ng/g lipid in samples from Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Japan, Spain, Sweden and the United States, respectively(5). These samples also had reported concentrations of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether of 0.18-1.5, 0.01-2.40, <0.003-0.53, 0.15-1.4, 0.15-0.57 and 0.7-61 ng/g lipid in samples from Belgium, Czech Republic, Japan, Spain, Sweden and the United States, respectively(5). Mean concentrations of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether in serum were 0.21-1.2, 2.44, and 1.1 ng/g lipid in samples from Japan, Korea, Sweden(5). Mean concentrations of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether in serum were 5.7, 7.1 and 0.32 ng/g lipid in samples from maternal, umbilical cords, and in the general population from the United States, respectively(5). Mean concentrations of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether in serum were 0.26-0.29 ng/g lipid in samples from Japan and 4.2, 4.1, and 0.17 ng/g lipid in samples from maternal, umbilical cords, and in the general population from the United States, respectively(5). Human milk concentrations of 0.51-3.2, 0.39, not detected to 21.1, and 0.06-4.47 ng/g lipid were reported in the countries of Canada, Finland, Japan, and Sweden, respectively, for 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether(5). Human milk concentrations of 0.23-1.9, not detected to 27.2, and 0.05-5.14 ng/g lipid were reported in the countries of Canada, Japan, and Sweden, respectively, for 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether(5).Pentabromodiphenyl ether was reported in adipose tissue from people that had lived in Tarragona, Spain for at least 10 years at concentrations of 0.15-3.5 ng/g(1). Serum samples from 276 California residents contained a geometric mean of 7.4 and 6.0 ng/g lipid for 2,2',4,4',5-and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether, serum samples from 1764 residents of other US states had a geometric mean of 3.8 ng/g lipid for 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether(2). Adipose samples taken in 1970 contained 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether at <2.5-13.9 pg/g lipid and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether at <2.5-6.1 pg/g lipid, samples taken in 2000 contained 42-362 pg/g lipid of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether and 41-527 pg/g lipid of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether, all samples were collected in Tokyo, Japan(3).2,2',4,4',5- and 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether body concentrations over time in Northern Hemisphere populations(1). |
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| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.
INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.
SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.
INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
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| Wechselwirkungen | ... Recently, /it was/ reported that neonatal exposure to PBDEs causes developmental neurotoxic effects. In the present study, 10-day-old Naval Medical Research Institute male mice were given one single oral dose of PCB 52 (1.4 umol/kg bw) + PBDE 99 (1.4 umol), PCB 52 (1.4 umol or 14 umol), or PBDE 99 (1.4 umol or 14 umol). Controls received a vehicle (20% fat emulsion). Animals exposed to the combined dose of PCB 52 (1.4 umol) + PBDE 99 (1.4 umol) and the high dose of PCB 52 (14 umol) or PBDE 99 (14 umol) showed significantly impaired spontaneous motor behavior and habituation capability at the age of 4 and 6 months. The neurobehavioral defects were also seen to worsen with age in mice neonatally exposed to PCB 52 + PBDE 99. /PBDE 99/... Neonatal coexposure to PBDE 99 (0.8 mg/kg body weight) and MeHg (0.4 or 4.0 mg/kg body weight) can exacerbate developmental neurotoxic effects. These effects are manifested as disrupted spontaneous behavior, reduced habituation, and impaired learning/memory abilities. This is seen in the low dose range, where the sole compounds do not give rise to developmental neurotoxic effects. The effects seen are more than just additive. Furthermore, a significant effect of interaction was seen on the cholinergic nicotinic receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. This suggests that a mechanism for the observed cognitive defects is via the cholinergic system. Furthermore, PBDE can interact with MeHg causing developmental neurotoxic effects... /PBDE 99/10-day-old Naval Medical Research Institute male mice were given one single oral dose of PCB 52 (1.4 umol/kg body weight [bw]) + PBDE 99 (1.4 umol), PCB 52 (1.4 umol or 14 umol), or PBDE 99 (1.4 umol or 14 umol). Controls received a vehicle (20% fat emulsion). Animals exposed to the combined dose of PCB 52 (1.4 umol) + PBDE 99 (1.4 umol) and the high dose of PCB 52 (14 umol) or PBDE 99 (14 umol) showed significantly impaired spontaneous motor behavior and habituation capability at the age of 4 and 6 months. The neurobehavioral defects were also seen to worsen with age in mice neonatally exposed to PCB 52 + PBDE 99. /PBDE 99/ |
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| Zielorgane | NervousHepatic |
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| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers may affect the thyroid gland and liver. Animals studies have also shown that PDBEs can cause neurobehavioral alterations and affect the immune system. (L628) |
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| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that pentabromodiphenyl ether is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of pentabromodiphenyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.5X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.3X10-2 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Pentabromodiphenyl ether is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). No biodegradation (as CO2 evolution) was seen after 29 days for pentabromodiphenyl ether in an OECD 301B ready biodegradation test(4). The substance tested was a composite sample from two producers with the following composition: 33.7% tetrabromodiphenyl ether54.6% pentabromodiphenyl etherand 11.7% hexabromodiphenyl ether(4). The test was extended to 93 days to allow sufficient opportunity for adaption to occur. At the end of 93 days, 2.4% of the theoretical amount of CO2 had been evolved(4).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that pentabromodiphenyl ether is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.5X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.3X10-2 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 and 41 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 33 years if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), BCFs of >10,000 in carp(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). No degradation (as CO2 evolution) was seen after 29 days for pentabromodiphenyl ether in an OECD 301B ready biodegradation test(5). The substance tested was a composite sample from two producers with the following composition: 33.7% tetrabromodiphenyl etherand 11.7% hexabromodiphenyl ether(5). The test was extended to 93 days to allow sufficient opportunity for adaption to occur. At the end of 93 days, 2.4% of the theoretical amount of CO2 had been evolved(5). Pentabromodiphenyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pentabromodiphenyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 2.2X10-7 to 5.5X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pentabromodiphenyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase pentabromodiphenyl ether may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Fifteen polybrominated diphenyl ethers, tetra- thru deca-isomers, were reported to absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore are expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
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| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | Pentabromodiphenyl ether was reported in vegetables, tubers, pulses, cereals, fruits, fish and shellfish, meat and meat products, eggs, milk, dairy products, and fats and oils at 1.4, 0.5, 0.6, 2.2, 0.4, 115.9, 24.9, 25.8, 5.2, 23.4, and 157.7 ng/kg wet weight in products purchased from 7 cities in Catalonia, Spain, sampled June to August 2000(1). 2,2',4,4',5- and 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether were not detected in cod liver oil supplement manufactured in Norway(2). 2,2',4,4',5- and 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether were reported as <0.1 ng/g in dietary fish oil supplements in 28 samples from Belgium, 18 samples from The Netherlands, 12 samples from the United Kingdom and 11 samples from other countries(3). |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
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| Expositionspfade | Oral (L628)inhalation (L628)dermal (L628) |
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| Milk Concentrations | ENVIRONMENTAL: Pentabromodiphenyl ether, measured as Bromkal 70-DE, was detected in 4 samples of cow's milk at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 ug/kg fat(1).ENVIRONMENTAL: Samples of human milk from 26 women in North Rhine Westfalia, Germany, were analyzed for pentabromodiphenyl ether, measured as Bromkal 70-DE(1). Concentrations in the milk from 25 of the women ranged from 0.62 to 11.1 ug/kg fat. In one Chinese woman, a level of 50 ug/kg fat was found(1). Human milk concentrations of 0.51-3.2, 0.39, not detected to 21.1, and 0.06-4.47 ng/g lipid were reported in the countries of Canada, Finland, Japan, and Sweden, respectively, for 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether(2). Human milk concentrations of 0.23-1.9, not detected to 27.2, and 0.05-5.14 ng/g lipid were reported in the countries of Canada, Japan, and Sweden, respectively, for 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether(2).ENVIRONMENTAL: 2,2',4,4',5- and 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether breast milk concentrations over time in Northern Hemisphere populations(1).ENVIRONMENTAL: Milk samples were collected in 2003 from 40 first-time mothers with 2- to 8-week-old infants and residing in urban areas in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. (Montana, Oregon, and Washington State) and Canada (British Columbia). Mean and median total concentrations of 12 tri- thru decabromodiphenyl congeners were 96 and 50 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether was found at 5.4 ng/g lipid weight and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether was found at 5.3 ng/g lipid weight. Breast milk was collected from 12 primiparous 24 to 33 year-old nursing women in Japan, at 1 month after delivery and analyzed for six tri- to hexabrominated diphenyl ethers. The sum of the concentrations of six tri- to hexabromodiphenyl ethers ranged from 0.7 to 2.8 ng/g lipid weight. There was a strong positive relationship between total polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in human milk and the frequency of fish consumption. In Japan, 16 tri- to heptabrominated diphenyl ethers were analyzed in eight pooled human milk samples collected between 1973 and 2000. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers were not detected in the samples from 1973 at the limit of detection of 0.01 ng/g lipid weight. In 2000, the sum of the concentration of these polybrominated diphenyl ethers was 1.4 ng/g lipid weight and 2,2',4,4',5- and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ethers were reported at approximately 0.2 ng/g lipid weight each. The breast milk concentrations of five congeners tetra- thru hexabromodiphenyl ethers were determined in samples from 93 primiparous women collected from 1996 to 1999 in Uppsala County, Sweden. The women ranged in age from 20-35 years. 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether was reported at 0.6 ng/g lipid weight and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether was reported at 0.4 ng/g lipid weight. No significant relationship was found between breast milk concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dietary intakes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (through fish, meat/poultry, dairy products, and egg consumption), age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, or computer usage. After adjustments for these factors, a weak but significant association between polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and smoking was observed. Time-trend analysis for samples collected between 1996 and 2001 indicated a peak in total polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations around 1998, followed by decreasing levels. Pooled samples of breast milk collected at eight time periods between 1972 and 1997 from primiparous Swedish women were analyzed for tri- to hexabromodiphenyl ethers. In 1997, 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether was reported at approximately 0.5 ng/g lipid weight and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether was reported at 0.4 ng/g lipid weight. The sum of the concentrations of these polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in human milk increased from 0.1 to 4.0 ng/g lipid weight during the 25-year period studied. |
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| Toxizitätsübersicht | Like other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers bind to the cellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which regulates the synthesis of a variety of proteins. Activation of the AhR induces a number of enzymes, including cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases of the CYP1A and CYP2B families, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase. PBDEs are also believed to disrupt the production, transport, and disposition of thyroid hormones. One mechanism of this involves metabolites ot PDBEs competing with thyroxine to bind to transthyretin, decreasing serum thyroid hormone levels. This change in thyroid hormone levels has been linked to both thyroid toxicity and neurobehavioral alterations. Certain PDBEs and their metabolites are also endocrine disruptors and may act as agonists at the estrogen receptors or antagonists at the androgen and progesterone receptors. (L628, A262) |
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| Average Daily Intake | Normal fish intake in Sweden is about 30 g/day, and, if herring is used as a model fish, this will give an estimate of intake of about 0.1 ug pentabromodiphenyl ether/person per day(1). The average intake for breast-fed infants is reported as 0.05 ug/kg/day, for the general population as 0.01 ug/kg/day, for children with parents working in polybromodiphenyl ether manufacturing as 0.9 ug/kg/day and in local residents near production facilities as 48 ug/kg/day(2). |
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| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 2 |
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| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1262 3/PG 2 |
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| R-Sätze (R) | 11-38-50/53-65-67 |
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| Gefahrensymbole | F,Xn,N |
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| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 60-61-62-33-29-16-9 |
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| Lagerklasse | 3 - Flammable liquids |
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| Gefahrenklasse | Aquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Asp. Tox. 1Flam. Liq. 2Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
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