2-Nitro-p-phenylendiamin

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.53(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Volatilization of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.6X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6). Information is not available regarding the biodegradation potential of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine; however, 80% percent of p-phenylenediamine was removed over 120 hours based on chemical oxygen demand measurements and using an activated sludge inoculum(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.53(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine may bind strongly to organic matter as aromatic amines are highly reactive with an affinity for organic materials(4). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine absorbs at a wavelength of 441 nm(8) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Information is not available regarding the biodegradation potential of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine; however, 80% percent of p-phenylenediamine was removed over 120 hours based on chemical oxygen demand measurements and using an activated sludge inoculum(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 5.6X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine absorbs at wavelengths of 441 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=5307-14-2]

The Koc of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine is estimated as 46(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, anilines (aromatic amines) are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Thirty-nine hairdressers were patch tested for 24 hours with 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine (2NPPD). Thirty-two of the hairdressers had no history of allergic contact dermatitis from p-phenylenediamine, and none of these 32 had a positive reaction to 2NPPD. One of seven hairdressers who had experienced strongly positive reactions to p-phenylenediamine was positive for 2NPPD. The researchers suggested that this may have been a cross reaction.

/CASE REPORTS/ A case has been described in the literature in which a dental hygienist developed dermatitis on the skin of her left forearm where it came into frequent contact with the hair of patients. A patch test with p-phenylenediamine mix was negative at 48 and 96 hours, and, with 2% 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, was strongly positive at 48 hours.

/GENOTOXICITY/ At 50-100 ug/mL, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine induced chromosome & chromatid gaps & breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

/GENOTOXICITY/ 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamie... was active in inducing unscheduled DNA synthesis in HELA human cervical cancer cells.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-NITRO-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AEROBIC: Information is not available regarding the biodegradation potential of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine; however, 80% percent of p-phenylenediamine was removed over 120 hours based on chemical oxygen demand measurements and using an activated sludge inoculum(1).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,4-Benzenediamine, 2-nitro- is included on this list. Effective date 4/29/83; Sunset date 4/29/93.

CIR ingredient: 2-Nitro-p-Phenylenediamine

Used as a hair dye; [Kanerva, p. 1819]

Dressing Hair [Category: Other]

In dyeing furs brown and reddish brown

Dye intermediate in semi-permanent and permanent hair dye formulations.

AVAIL IN JAPAN WITH MIN PURITY OF 99% & CONTAINS NITROAMINOACETANILIDE ISOMERS AS IMPURITIES.

2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine is available commercially in purities ranging from 95 to 100%, with 4-amino-3-nitroacetanilide as a possible impurity.

(1976) 3.00X10+5 GRAMS (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1979) 4.53X10+5 GRAMS (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

FIRST PREPD BY HYDROLYSIS OF 1,4-DIAMINO-5-ACETYL-4-NITROBENZENE... A SIMILAR METHOD IS USED COMMERCIALLY IN JAPAN, WHERE 1,4-DIAMINO-2-NITROBENZENE IS PREPD BY ACETYLATING PARA-PHENYLENEDIAMINE...WITH ACETIC ANHYDRIDE FOLLOWED BY NITRATION & HYDROLYSIS.

...AVAIL IN US AS COMMERCIAL GRADE WITH FOLLOWING TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS: ASSAY, 97% MIN; MELTING RANGE, 135-138 °C; LOSS ON DRYING, 1.0% MAX; IRON CONTENT, 100 MG/KG MAX; RESIDUE ON IGNITION, 0.3%.

2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine is available commercially in purities ranging from 95 to 100%, with 4-amino-3-nitroacetanilide as a possible impurity.

2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine has the following specifications: ash, 0.1% (max); iron, 40 ppm (max); lead, 5 ppm (max); and arsenic, 2ppm(max).

IT HAS BEEN USED IN /HAIR DYES/ DARK-BROWN (@ LEVELS OF 0.1%), MEDIUM-BROWN (0.15%), MEDIUM-RED (2.5%) & ASH-BLOND (0.065%) DYE FORMULATIONS. IT CAN ALSO BE USED IN BLEACH-TONER FORMULATIONS FOR GOLDEN-BLOND (0.008%) & RED-BLOND (0.02%) SHADES.