Bupropion

WELLBUTRIN · Bupivacaine I · BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE 31667-93-7 · 2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one · 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)propan-1-one

https://huagongshe.com/de/chemical/444

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten

CAS No.	144445-75-0
Summenformel	C13H18ClNO
Durchschnittliche Molmasse	239,74 g/mol
Monoisotopische Masse	239,10769188 g/mol
SMILES	CC(NC(C)(C)C)C(=O)c1cccc(Cl)c1
InChIKey	SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	444
ChEMBL	CHEMBL894
ChEBI	CHEBI:3219
DTXSID	DTXSID7022706

Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften

XLogP	3,2
Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)	29,1
H-Brücken-Donoren	1
H-Brücken-Akzeptoren	2
Frei drehbare Bindungen	4
Schwere Atome	16
Formalladung	0
Komplexität	247
Stoffklassen	Pharmaceutical
Arzneimittel	DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> AntidepressantsPharmaceuticals -> Used in SwitzerlandPharmaceuticals -> AntidepressantsPharmaceuticals -> Synthetic Cannabinoids or Psychoactive Compounds
LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient)	3.0
Color/Form	Pale yellow oil
Löslichkeit	Very hygroscopic and susceptible to decompositionSoluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, benzene
Human Drugs	Antidepressants -> Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRI)Breast FeedingLactationMilk, HumanAntidepressive AgentsAntidepressive Agents, Second-GenerationDopamine Uptake InhibitorsSmoking Cessation AgentsPharmaceuticalsMedicines for nicotine use disorders
Siedepunkt	BP: 52 °C at 0.005 mm Hg
Schmelzpunkt	233-234 °C
Physical Description	Solid
Stability/Shelf Life	Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Dissociation Constants	8.358.2
Collision Cross Section	158.6 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DTBuffer gas: N2Ionization: ESI+Dataset: TOXCASTSource Identifier: DTXSID6044561]156.04 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TWMethod: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]157.5 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW157.8 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TWMethod: Major Mix IMS/Tof Calibration Kit (Waters)]

Sicherheit & Vorschriften

GHS-Einstufung	WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P270, P301+P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
FDA-Anforderungen	The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including bupropion hydrobromide, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. /Bupropion hydrobromide/The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including bupropion hydrochloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. /Bupropion hydrochloride/
Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities	Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.
Firefighting Hazards	Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrogen chloride gas.
Brandbekämpfungsverfahren	Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
Lagerbedingungen	Conventional tablets of bupropion hydrochloride should be stored at a temperature of 15-25 °C and protected from light and moisture.1 Extended-release, film-coated tablets of bupropion hydrochloride (e.g., Wellbutrin SR, Zyban) should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at a temperature of 20-25 °C.142 143 Wellbutrin XL extended-release tablets should be stored at a temperature of 25 °C, but may be exposed to temperatures ranging from 15-30 °C.Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Reinigungsverfahren	Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Entsorgungsverfahren	SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.SRP: At the time of review, regulatory criteria for small quantity disposal are subject to significant revision, however, household quantities of waste pharmaceuticals may be managed as follows: Mix with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double bag in plastic, discard in trash.Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Preventive Measures	Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)	Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).Skin protection: Handle with gloves.Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Körperbelastung	A fatality due to the ingestion of bupropion and ethanol is presented. Bupropion and its metabolites were extracted from several tissues and identified using gas chromatography with nitrogenphosphorus and mass spectrometry detection. The concentrations of bupropion, hydroxybupropion and the erythroamino and threoamino alcohol metabolites in heart blood were 4.2, 5.0, 0.6 and 4.6 mg/L, respectively. The heart blood ethanol concentration was 0.27 g/dl. In addition, bupropion was distributed as follows: subclavian blood, 6.2 mg/Lbile, 1.4 mg/Lkidney, 2.4 mg/Lliver, 1.0 mg/kgstomach contents, 16 mg and urine, 37 mg/L.
Treatment	Ensure an adequate airway, oxygenation, and ventilation. Monitor cardiac rhythm and vital signs. EEG monitoring is also recommended for the first 48 hours post-ingestion. General supportive and symptomatic measures are also recommended. Induction of emesis is not recommended. Activated charcoal should be administered. There is no experience with the use of forced diuresis, dialysis, hemoperfusion, or exchange transfusion in the management of bupropion overdoses. No specific antidotes for bupropion are known. Due to the dose-related risk of seizures with Bupropion, hospitalization following suspected overdose should be considered. Based on studies in animals, it is recommended that seizures be treated with intravenous benzodiazepine administration and other supportive measures, as appropriate. (L1712)
Wechselwirkungen	Adverse neuropsychiatric events or reduced alcohol tolerance have been reported rarely in patients who ingested alcohol during bupropion therapy. Because of concerns that excessive use of alcohol or abrupt withdrawal from alcohol may be associated with an increased risk of seizures during bupropion therapy, patients receiving the drug should be advised to minimize or, if possible, avoid alcohol consumption.Concomitant administration of bupropion and carbamazepine resulted in decreases in the peak plasma concentration of bupropion and in the 24-hour area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) by 87 and 90%, respectivelythe peak plasma concentration and 24-hour AUC of the metabolite, hydroxybupropion, were increased by 71 and 50%, respectively.138 In contrast, concomitant administration of bupropion and valproate sodium resulted only in an increase by 94% in 24-hour AUC of hydroxybupropion.138A limited number of patients with parkinsonian syndrome treated with either amantadine or levodopa appeared to have a high incidence of adverse effects (e.g., nausea and vomiting, excitement and restlessness, postural tremor) when bupropion was used concurrently. Caution should be exercised if bupropion therapy is initiated in a patient receiving levodopa or amantadine, including use of low initial dosage and increasing the dosage gradually in small increments.Evidence from animal studies suggests that concomitant administration of bupropion and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors is potentially hazardous. In animals, phenelzine enhanced the acute toxicity of bupropion, as indicated by an increase in mortality and a decrease in time to death. The manufacturer states that concurrent administration of bupropion and MAO inhibitors is contraindicated and that at least 2 weeks elapse following discontinuance of an MAO inhibitor prior to initiation of bupropion therapyFor more Interactions (Complete) data for Bupropion (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Hepatotoxicity	Liver test abnormalities have been reported to occur in less than 1% of patients on bupropion, and elevations are usually modest and usually do not require dose modification or discontinuation. Rare instances of acute, clinically apparent episodes of liver injury with marked liver enzyme elevations with or without jaundice have been reported in patients on bupropion (Case 1). The onset of injury is usually within 1 to 3 months and the pattern of serum enzyme elevations has been variable, from hepatocellular to cholestatic. Autoimmune (autoantibodies) are found in a proportion of cases, but in low titer. Immunoallergic features (rash, fever, eosinophilia) are uncommon. The injury is generally self-limited, but fatal cases have been reported.
Umweltverhalten	TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bupropion is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of bupropion is 8.22(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of bupropion from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Bupropion is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2014).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 700(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bupropion is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 42(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.85(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2014).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bupropion, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bupropion is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.6 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase bupropion may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Bupropion contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
Unerwünschte Wirkungen	Various adverse effects have been reported in patients receiving bupropion. Many of these side effects occur in more than 10% of patients.
Expositionspfade	For sustained release, peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 3 hours.
Milk Concentrations	EXPERIMENTAL: Bupropion, hydroxybupropion, and the threo-amino alcohol metabolite /threohydrobupropion/ are distributed into milk. Limited data indicate that milk concentrations of the drug exceed concurrent plasma concentrations by as much as severalfold. Concentrations in milk of hydroxybupropion are about 10% of, and concentrations of the threo-amino alcohol metabolite are moderately higher than, the respective concurrent plasma concentrations.EXPERIMENTAL: A 2004 report described the excretion of bupropion and its three active metabolites into breast milk in 10 mother's at an average of 12.5 months after birth. The average weight of the mothers was 59.4 kg. All had stopped breastfeeding, and none had taken bupropion before the study. The dose during the study was SR 150 mg/day for 3 days, then SR 300 mg/day for 4 days, and samples were collected on day 7. Milk samples were collected with an electric breast pump. The calculated average bupropion dose in milk, based on 150 mL/kg/day, was 6.75 ug/kg/day on 0.14% of the mother's weight-adjusted dose. The average M:P ratios of bupropion and the three active metabolites (hydroxybupropion, erythrohydrobupropion, and threohydrobupropion) were 2.8, 0.1, 0.9, and 1.2, respectively. The estimated daily infant doses of the metabolites were 15.75, 10.80, and 68.85 ug/kg/day, respectively.
Toxizitätsübersicht	IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Bupropion is pale yellow oil formulated in extended release oral tablets. Bupropion is a dopamine uptake inhibitor, which is used as a second generation antidepressive agent. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Bupropion is an antidepressant commonly prescribed as a smoking cessation aid. It has effects on dopamine and norepinephrine, and can lower seizure threshold, particularly in overdose. Several cases of recreational use of bupropion via nasal insufflation have been reported in the literature. One of the potentially most serious adverse effects of bupropion is reduction in the seizure threshold. However, despite the potential seriousness of this effect, seizures remain a relatively uncommon adverse effect of bupropion therapy. Patients reportedly have overdosed with 30 g or more of bupropion hydrochloride. Serious effects of overdosage have included seizures in about one-third of such patients, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, sinus tachycardia, and ECG changes such as conduction disturbances or arrhythmias. Lethargy, grogginess, tremors, jitteriness, confusion, lightheadedness, paresthesias, visual hallucinations, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting also have occurred. Overdosage of bupropion (mainly as part of multiple drug overdoses) reportedly has resulted in fever, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, hypotension, stupor, coma, and respiratory failure. Recovery without sequelae has been reported in most individuals following an overdose of bupropion alone. However, massive overdosage of bupropion alone has been reported rarely to result in death preceded by multiple uncontrolled seizures, bradycardia, cardiac failure, and cardiac arrest. Cardiotoxicity appears to be caused primarily by bupropion rather than its active metabolite hydroxybupropion. Unintentional ingestion of bupropion in young children has generally resulted in limited toxicity. In two deaths attributed to bupropion, the doses in both cases were estimated to be less than 10 g. ANIMAL STUDIES: In lifetime carcinogenicity studies of rats or mice receiving bupropion hydrochloride dosages of 100-300 or 150 mg/kg daily respectively, an increase in nodular proliferative lesions of the liver was observed in rats but not in mice. The relationship of these lesions to the development of neoplasms of the liver is unclear. An increase in malignant tumors of the liver and other organs was not observed in either rats or mice. A fertility study in rats using oral bupropion hydrochloride dosages of up to 300 mg/kg daily did not reveal evidence of impaired fertility. In rats receiving oral dosages of bupropion of up to 300 mg/kg daily prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation, there were no apparent adverse effects on offspring development. In developmental studies performed in rats and rabbits, no clear evidence of teratogenic activity was found in either species, but slightly increased incidences of fetal malformations and skeletal variations were observed in rabbits. Bupropion induced behavioral changes in rats and mice. Bupropion exhibited mutagenic activity in the Salmonella microbial mutagen (Ames) test systemthe mutation rate was 2-3 times control in 2 of 5 strains. An increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed in one of 3 in vivo cytogenetic studies conducted with the bone marrow of rats.Signs and Symptoms of OverdoseBupropion selectively inhibits the neuronal reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotoninactions on dopaminergic systems are more significant than imipramine or amitriptyline whereas the blockade of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake at the neuronal membrane is weaker for bupropion than for tricyclic antidepressants. The increase in norepinephrine may attenuate nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the increase in dopamine at neuronal sites may reduce nicotine cravings and the urge to smoke. Bupropion exhibits moderate anticholinergic effects.
Signs and Symptoms	Symptoms of overdose include seizures, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, tachycardia, and cardiac arrest.
Soil Adsorption/Mobility	Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bupropion can be estimated to be 700(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bupropion is expected to have low mobility in soil. The estimated pKa of bupropion is 8.22(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Bupropion adsorption isotherms (Kd) of 85 L/kg and 2.0X10+2 L/kg were measured in primary sludge and long-age secondary sludge, respectively. Sludge was obtained from 2 wastewater treatment plants that were representative of plants utilized in industrialized countries(5).
Human Toxicity Excerpts	/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The toxicity profile of bupropion hydrochloride in overdose differs considerably from other antidepressants, with prominent neurological manifestations and little cardiovascular toxicity. .../SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Patients reportedly have overdosed with 30 g or more of bupropion hydrochloride. Serious effects of overdosage have included seizures in about one-third of such patients, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, sinus tachycardia, and ECG changes such as conduction disturbances (e.g., widened QRS interval, prolonged QTc interval) or arrhythmias. Lethargy, grogginess, tremors, jitteriness, confusion, lightheadedness, paresthesias, visual hallucinations, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting also have occurred. Overdosage of bupropion (mainly as part of multiple drug overdoses) reportedly has resulted in fever, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, hypotension, stupor, coma, and respiratory failure. Recovery without sequelae has been reported in most individuals following an overdose of bupropion alone. However, massive overdosage of bupropion alone has been reported rarely to result in death preceded by multiple uncontrolled seizures, bradycardia, cardiac failure, and cardiac arrest./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Worsening of depression and/or the emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) or unusual changes in behavior may occur in both adult and pediatric patients with major depressive disorder or other psychiatric disorders, whether or not they are taking antidepressants. This risk may persist until clinically important remission occurs. Suicide is a known risk of depression and certain other psychiatric disorders, and these disorders themselves are the strongest predictors of suicide. However, there has been a long-standing concern that antidepressants may have a role in inducing worsening of depression and the emergence of suicidality in certain patients during the early phases of treatment. Pooled analyses of short-term, placebo-controlled studies of antidepressants (i.e., selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants) have shown an increased risk of suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults (18-24 years of age) with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders. An increased suicidality risk was not demonstrated with antidepressants compared with placebo in adults older than 24 years of age, and a reduced risk was observed in adults 65 years of age or older. It is currently unknown whether the suicidality risk extends to longer-term use (i.e., beyond several months)however, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with major depressive disorder that antidepressants can delay the recurrence of depression. FDA recommends that all patients being treated with antidepressants for any indication be appropriately monitored and closely observed for clinical worsening, suicidality, and unusual changes in behavior, particularly during initiation of therapy (i.e., the first few months) and during periods of dosage adjustments. Families and caregivers of patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder or other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric, also should be advised to monitor patients on a daily basis for the emergence of agitation, irritability, or unusual changes in behavior, as well as the emergence of suicidality, and to report such symptoms immediately to a health-care provider. Although a causal relationship between the emergence of symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia, hypomania, and/or mania and either the worsening of depression and/or the emergence of suicidal impulses has not been established, there is concern that such symptoms may represent precursors to emerging suicidality. Consequently, consideration should be given to changing the therapeutic regimen or discontinuing therapy in patients whose depression is persistently worse or in patients experiencing emergent suicidality or symptoms that might be precursors to worsening depression or suicidality, particularly if such manifestations are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient's presenting symptoms. FDA also recommends that the drugs be prescribed in the smallest quantity consistent with good patient management, in order to reduce the risk of overdosage. It is generally believed (though not established in controlled trials) that treating a major depressive episode with an antidepressant alone may increase the likelihood of precipitating a mixed or manic episode in patients at risk for bipolar disorder. Therefore, patients should be adequately screened for bipolar disorder prior to initiating treatment with an antidepressantsuch screening should include a detailed psychiatric history (e.g., family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and depression). Bupropion is not approved for use in treating bipolar depression./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Serious neuropsychiatric symptoms, including changes in mood (including depression and mania), psychosis, hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, homicidal ideation, hostility, agitation, aggression, anxiety, and panic as well as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide, have been reported in patients receiving bupropion for smoking cessation. These symptoms have occurred in patients without preexisting psychiatric illness and have worsened in some patients with preexisting psychiatric illness. In most cases, symptoms developed during bupropion therapy but, in others, symptoms developed after discontinuance of the drug. All patients treated with bupropion for smoking cessation should be monitored for such neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patients receiving bupropion for smoking cessation should be informed that it is not unusual to experience symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, depressed mood, and difficulty sleeping while withdrawing from nicotine. Patients with serious psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder) should also be advised that they may experience an exacerbation of their illness when withdrawing from nicotine, regardless of whether they are receiving bupropion therapy. Before initiating therapy with bupropion for smoking cessation, patients should inform their clinicians about any previous psychiatric history and about any symptoms they experienced during previous attempts at smoking cessation, with or without bupropion. Patients and caregivers should be advised that patients taking bupropion for smoking cessation should stop taking the drug and immediately contact their clinician if agitation, hostility, depressed mood, or changes in behavior or thinking that are not typical for the patient are observed, or if suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior develops. Although resolution of symptoms after bupropion discontinuance was reported in many postmarketing cases, symptoms persisted in some cases. Therefore, ongoing patient monitoring and supportive care should be provided until symptoms resolve. The risk of developing serious neuropsychiatric effects with bupropion therapy for smoking cessation should be weighed against the important health benefits of its use (e.g., reduction in the risk of developing pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, or cancer). Bupropion has been demonstrated to increase the likelihood of abstinence from smoking for as long as 6 months compared with placebo. The health benefits of quitting smoking are immediate and substantial. Other methods of smoking cessation should be discussed with the patient if bupropion is not considered to be the best treatment option for the patient.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Bupropion (36 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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