Ergosterin

MURINE LEUKEMIA CELLS (L1210) GROWN IN MEDIUM CONTAINING ERGOSTEROL (40 UG/ML) THEN EXPOSED BRIEFLY TO AMPHOTERICIN B (0-10 UG/ML) WERE MORE SENSITIVE TO THE ANTIBIOTIC THAN WERE CONTROLS.

AFTER 4-HR GROWTH PERIOD IN PRESENCE OF 5X10-9 MOLES KETOCONAZOLE, ACETATE INCORPORATION INTO ERGOSTEROL BY CANDIDA ALBICANS WAS INHIBITED APPROXIMATELY 50%.

INHIBITION OF ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS IN CANDIDA ALBICANS BY THE ANTIFUNGAL AGENT MICONAZOLE NITRATE WAS INVESTIGATED AFTER IN VITRO CONTACT WITH THE DRUG FOR 1, 4, 16, & 24 HR.

The functions and biosynthesis of sterols have been effective targets for fungal control in different areas, including pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. Fungi are among the organisms that synthesize sterols, principally ergosterol. In this paper, the effect of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) on ergosterol level and the interaction of drugs that would change the concentration of cAMP with antifungal drugs have been investigated. Sterols were extracted from Candida albicans, and ergosterol was measured using the gas chromatography method. The interaction of different agents was measured by the broth dilution method. It was found that phosphodiesterase inhibitors reverse the inhibitory activity of azole antifungal drugs. Evaluating the ergosterol level of C. albicans incubated with db-cAMP revealed that it increased ergosterol level. Further experiments provided evidence attributing the observed interaction between azoles and phosphodiesterase inhibitors to the relationship between ergosterol and cAMP. The possible significance of this interaction includes potentiation of antifungal activity of drugs by manipulating the cAMP level.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for ERGOSTEROL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.5X10+6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ergosterol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ergosterol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Ergosterol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The soil microbe Nocardia erthopolis was able to grow on ergosterol(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.5X10+6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ergosterol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 hours and 11 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 2.1X10+4 years if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 1,600(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 8.86(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Aquatic biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2009).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ergosterol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase ergosterol may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). When irradiated with uv light, ergosterol develops powerful vitamin D2 activity(5) and therefore the compound is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Vitamin D is excreted into breast milk in limited amounts. A direct relationship exists between maternal serum levels of vitamin D and the concentration in breast milk. Chronic maternal ingestion of large doses may lead to greater than normal vitamin D activity in the milk and resulting hypercalcemia in the infant. /Vitamin D/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In crustaceans, cholesterol is an essential nutrient, which they must directly obtain from their food or by bioconversion from other dietary sterols. Eukaryotic phytoplankton contain a great variety of sterols that differ from cholesterol in having additional substituents or different positions and/or number of double bonds in the side chain or in the sterol nucleus. ... This study ... investigated to what extent these structural features affect the growth and reproduction of Daphnia galeata in standardized growth experiments with the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus supplemented with single sterols as food source. The results indicated that delta 5 (sitosterol, stigmasterol, desmosterol) and delta 5.7 (7-dehydrocholesterol, ergosterol) sterols meet the nutritional requirements of the daphnids, while the delta 7 sterol lathosterol supports somatic growth and reproduction to a significantly lower extent than cholesterol. Dihydrocholesterol (delta 0) and lanosterol (delta 8) did not improve the growth of D. galeata, and growth was ad versely affected by the delta 4 sterol allocholesterol. Sterols seem to differ in their allocation to somatic growth and reproduction. Thus, structural differences of dietary sterols have pronounced effects on life-history traits of D. galeata.

The ergosterol weighted-average concentration in fungal spores commonly encountered in subtropical ambient air was 0.191 pg/spore(1). The ergosterol content in 20 white-rot fungi isolates ranged from 2,380 to 13,060 ug/g fungal biomass, with Bjerkandera adusta 4,312, Coriolopsis gallica 8,260, and Phanerochaete chyrosporium 3,642 ug/g fungal biomass reported as examples(2). Ergosterol content was shown to be affected negatively by the amount of pollutants present(2). Ergosterol has also been identified in a variety of fungi associated with food spoilage molds(3).

Ergosterol concentrations in digested sludges collected from four French municipal wastewater treatment plants in Lyon (Saint Fons, 11/18/1993) and Paris (Asnieres/Oise, 8/26/1991; Acheres, 1/26/1993; Evry 6/8/1993) were at <0.1, <0.1, <0.1, and 0.02 mg/g dried matter, respectively(1).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ergosterol can be estimated to be 2.5X10+6(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ergosterol is expected to be immobile in soil.

RURAL/REMOTE: The ergosterol concentration in subtropical air from an unspecified location was estimated as approximately 230 pg/sq m(SRC), based upon the weighted-average concentration in fungal spores commonly encountered in subtropical ambient air of 0.191 pg/spore(1).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Initial...symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are...associated with hypercalcemia and consist in weakness, fatigue, lassitude, headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Early impairment of renal function...manifest by polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, decreased urinary concentrating ability and proteinuria. /Vitamin D/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ With prolonged hypercalcemia there may be deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues, most significantly within kidney.../resulting/ in nephrolithiasis, diffuse nephrocalcinosis, or both. Other sites of calcification may include blood vessels, heart, lungs, and skin. /Vitamin D/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Some individuals exhibit hypertension. ...Changes in blood chemistry are elevated concentrations of plasma calcium and nonprotein nitrogen; phosphate concentrations are variable. Mobilization of calcium from bone contributes to hypercalcemia and is...responsible for...osteoporosis in...hypervitaminosis D. /Vitamin D/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Vitamin D toxicity may be manifested in fetus. There is...relationship between excess maternal vitamin D intake or extreme sensitivity to vitamin and nonfamilial congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis. In infants, this anomaly is often found...with other stigmata of hypercalcemia. /Vitamin D/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ERGOSTEROL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Status: Active Update: 27-09-2016 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/18145

Ergosterol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Most important provitamin D, usually obtained from yeast; Used as a vitamin; [Merck Index] Used as a vitamin and to make vitamin D2 and cortisone; [HSDB]

CHEM INT FOR VITAMIN D2

Antirachitic vitamin; when irradiated with UV light, it has vitamin D activity; source of estradiol.

Used in commercial production of cortisone

THERAP CAT: Vitamin (antirachitic)

Ergosterol is an evolutionary precursor of cholesterol and is the major sterol present in lower eukaryotes.

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

(1975) GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

EXTRACTION OF TOTAL FAT FROM YEAST, SAPONIFICATION, REEXTRACTION OF THE UNSAPONIFIABLE PORTION WITH ETHER, FOLLOWED BY DRYING & RECRYSTALLIZATION

Usually obtained from yeast which synthesizes it from simple sugars such as glucose. Damp yeast yields about 2.5% ergosterol, the variety of yeast being very important.

Isoln procedure: Green et al, US pat 3,006932 (1961 to Vitamins Ltd.)

Synthesized by yeast from simple sugars, obtained from fungus ergot.