Doconexent

Lipids -> Unambiguous Lipids

Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty Acids and Conjugates [FA01] -> Unsaturated fatty acids [FA0103]

187.9 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Sample Type: Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); Dataset: Unambiguous Lipids]

184.62 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Method: stepped-field]

183.5 Ų [M+H]+

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 98.2% (56 of 57) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 57 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Docosahexaenoic acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid, (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

DHA in the central nervous system is found in the phospholipid bilayers where it modulates the physical environment and increase the free volume within the membrane bilayer. It influences the G-protein coupled receptor activity and affects transmembrane transport and cell interaction with the exterior world. It is also reported to promote apoptosis, neuronal differentiation and ion channel activity. Like other polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA acts as a ligand at PPARs that plays an anti-inflammatory effect and regulate inflammatory gene expression and NFκB activation. DHA also gives rise to resolvins and related compounds (e.g., protectins) through pathways involving cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes to resolve the inflammatory responses.

DHA and its conversion to other lipid signalling moleccules compete with the arachidonic acid cascade from endogenous phospholipids and shift the inflammatory state to being more anti-inflammatory. DHA inhibits endotoxin-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in human endothelial cells. Derivatives of DHA are anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Lipid mediators resolvin D1 and protectin D1 all inhibit transendothelial migration of neutrophils, so preventing neutrophilic infiltration at sites of inflammation, resolvin D1 inhibits IL-1β production, and protectin D1 inhibits TNF and IL-1β production. Monoxydroxy derivative of DHA converted by LOX inhibit thromboxane-induced platelet aggregation. DHA supplementation has also shown to reduce the levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and other circulating markers of inflammation such as neutrophils in hypertriglyceridemic men. DHA acts as a ligand at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and alpha that regulate lipid signalling molecule-mediated transduction pathways and modulate inflammation. As a natural ligand, DHA induces a protective effect in retinal tissues by activating retinoid x receptors and subsequent ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in photoreceptors to promote their survival and differentiation, stimulating the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential.

DHA can be metabolized into DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), DHA epoxides, electrophilic oxo-derivatives (EFOX) of DHA, neuroprostanes, ethanolamines, acylglycerols, docosahexaenoyl amides of amino acids or neurotransmitters, and branched DHA esters of hydroxy fatty acids, among others. It is converted to 17-hydroperoxy-DHA derivatives via COX-2 and 15-LOX and 5-LOX activity. These derivatives are further converted into D-series resolvins and protectins with potent anti-inflammatory potential and potent neuroprotective effect. DHA may also be metabolized to 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) and isomers via CYP2C9 activity. Epoxy metabolites are reported to mediate anti-tumor activity by inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis.

Like other omega-3 fatty acids, DHA is hydrolyzed from the intestines and delivered through the lymphatic circulation. Plasma DHA concentrations increase in a dose-dependent and saturable manner.

DHA is the most abundant n−3 fatty acid in membranes and is present in all organs. It is also the most variable among organs and is particularly abundant in neural tissue, such as brain and retina, where it is several hundred-fold more abundant than EPA.