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Propachlor
Amber · CIPA · acilid · Bexton · RAMROD · PROLEX · Croptex · kartexa
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 1918-16-7 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C11H14ClNO |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 211,69 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 211,07639175 g/mol |
| SMILES | CC(C)N(C(=O)CCl)c1ccccc1 |
| InChIKey | MFOUDYKPLGXPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 4931 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1394829 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:19503 |
| EC No. | 217-638-2 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4024274 |
| Lokaler Name | Propachlor |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2,2 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 20,3 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 1 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 3 |
| Schwere Atome | 14 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 188 |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Fusion temperature |
| Pestizide | Pesticide -> EPA IRISHerbicidesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedPesticides -> Herbicides, ChloracetanilideEnvironmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)Pesticides -> Herbicides -> Amide herbicides -> Anilide herbicides -> Chloroacetanilide herbicides |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | log Kow = 2.182.36 |
| Dichte | 1.242 g/mL at 25 °C1.2420 |
| Color/Form | Light tan solidWHITE, CRYSTALLINE SOLID |
| Löslichkeit | Sol in common org solvents except aliphatic hydrocarbonsIn acetone 448, benzene 737, toluene 342, ethanol 408, xylene 239, chloroform 602, carbon tetrachloride 174, diethyl ether 219 (all in g/kg, 25 °C).SLIGHTLY SOL IN DIETHYL ETHERIn water, 580 mg/L at 25 °C0.7g/L(20 ºC) |
| Corrosivity | No corrosion to number 316 and 304 stainless steel, aluminum, and heresitecorrosive to ordinary steel. |
| Human Drugs | Pharmaceuticals |
| Siedepunkt | 110 °C at 0.03 mm Hg110°C (rough estimate) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides/. |
| Schmelzpunkt | 77 °CDecomp temp: 170 °C67-76°C |
| Dampfdruck | 0.00074 [mmHg]Vapor pressure at 110 °C: 0.03 mm Hg7.4X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C |
| Brechungsindex | 1.4932 (estimate) |
| Flammpunkt | 100 °C |
| Lagerbedingungen | 0-6°C |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | 0.30±0.50(Predicted) |
| Merck | 13,7885 |
| BRN | 2103903 |
| Henry-Konstante | 2.7×101 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 2.8-2.9(0.0℃) |
| Hauptanwendungen | agricultureenvironmental |
| InChI | 1S/C11H14ClNO/c1-9(2)13(11(14)8-12)10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9H,8H2,1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | MFOUDYKPLGXPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC(C)N(C(=O)CCl)c1ccccc1 |
| CAS Datenbank | 1918-16-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Acetamide, 2-chloro-n-(1-methylethyl)-n-phenyl-(1918-16-7) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Propachlor (1918-16-7) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityOther Toxicological Hazard TraitsRegulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (amended)2008/742Propachlor: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Acetamide, 2-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenyl-: Environment tier I assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
| Brandgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Brandpotenzial | FIRE POINT, 316 °C.Nonflammable |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Gefahrenübersicht | It is in the acetanilide class of herbicides along with acetochlor, butachlor, metolachor, and alachlor[Reference #1] Slight increase in unspecified anomalies reported in Russian study not available for review[REPROTOX] Allergic contact dermatitis confirmed by patch testing in farmers and manufacturing workers[Reference #2] |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Amides and Imides |
| Special Reports | USEPA/Office of Pesticide ProgramsReregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Propachlor. 249 p. EPA 738-R-015 (November 1998) In evaluating pesticides for reregistration, EPA obtains and reviews a complete set of studies from pesticide producers, describing the human health and environmental effects of each pesticide. To implement provisions of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, EPA considers the special sensitivity of infants and children to pesticides, as well as aggregate exposure of the public to pesticide residues from all sources, and the cumulative effects of pesticides and other compounds with common mechanisms of toxicity. The Agency develops any mitigation measures or regulatory controls needed to effectively reduce each pesticide\'s risks. EPA then reregisters pesticides that meet the safety standard of the FQPA and can be used without posing unreasonable risks to human health or the environment. When a pesticide is eligible for reregistration, EPA explains the basis for its decision in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.[Available from, as of May 18, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]Environmental Health Criteria 147: Propachlor (1993) by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation and the World Health Organization. The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) documents produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. They also provide guidelines for setting exposure limits.WHOIPCS Health and Safety Guide No. 77. Propachlor (1992). The purpose of a Health and Safety Guide is to facilitate the application of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) documents in national chemical safety programmes. The first three sections of a Health and Safety Guide highlight the relevant technical information in the corresponding EHC. Section 4 includes advice on preventive and protective measures and emergency action ... . The section on regulatory information has been extracted from the legal file of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) and from other United Nations sources. |
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide and its metabolites (calculated as 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#2982]Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient propachlor, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of propachlor and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish and wildlife and the environment. The Agency has determined that propachlor products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision, will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing propachlor for all liquid and granular formulations are eligible for reregistration.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Propachlor is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0177Pesticide type: HerbicideRegistration Standard Date: 12/01/84Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.Active ingredient (AI): PropachlorData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 09/23/91, 10/13/95AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner. |
| Reactivity Profile | A chloroacetanilide derivative. |
| DOT Hazard Classification | PropachlorMarine pollutant |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | This chemical is a combustible solid. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including nitrogen oxides and chlorine. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store technical material and formulations away from heat, under lock and key, and out of reach of children, animals and unathorized personel. Store in an area designated for herbicide storage, preferably without drains. Store away from food and animal feed.Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form strong oxidizers. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Whenever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | Prevent exposure by the use of appropriate protective clothing and masks. Keep spectators away from any spillage. Empty any product remaining in damaged or leaking containers into a clean empty drum, and label. Absorb spillage with lime, damp sawdust, sand, or earth and dispose of safely (see below). If spillage is large, contain it by building a barrier of earth or sandbags. Avoid contamination of drains and waterways. Spills of powders should be cleaned up using a dustless method (e.g., by a vacuum cleaner suitable for use with toxic dusts). Alternatively, mix with damp sawdust and place in separate container for subsequent disposal. Dry brushing should not be carried out, as this creates dust clouds.Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Alkaline hydrolysis would yield N-isopropylaniline. However, incineration at 850 °C together with flue gas scrubbing is the preferred disposal method.Propachlor should be incinerated in a unit operating at 850 °C equipped with off gas scrubbing equipment. Recommendable method: Incineration.Surplus product, spilled material, contaminated absorbents, containers, etc., should be burned in a high-temperature incinerator (at least 800 C) with effluent gas scrubbing, designed for pesticide disposal. When no incinerator is available, bury in an approved dump or in an area where there is no risk of contamination of surface water. Comply with any local legislation applying to waste disposal.Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixtures or rinsate is a violation of federal law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of according to label use instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. Emptied container retains product residue. Observe all labeled safeguards until container is destroyed. Completely empty bag into equipment. Then dispose of empty bag in a sanitary landfill or by incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. /Ramrod flake/ |
| Preventive Measures | Those engaged in the production, formulation, and transportation and propachlor, and users, should be aware of the effects and hazards of the chemical. They should be systematically educated and trained in the practice of safety rules, good housekeeping, and personal hygiene, i.e., cleanliness, washing, and the use of their personal protection equipmentDo not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothmg. Wear goggles, face shield or safety glasses and rubber gloves. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. /Ramrod Flake/FIRST AID: IF IN EYES, immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention. IF ON SKIN, immedIately flush with plenty of water while removing contaminated clothing. Get medical attention. As soon as soap is available, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Wash clothing before reuse. Sensitized persons should avoid further contact and reuse of contaminated clothing. - - IF SWALLOWED, remove visible particles from mouth and rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Swallow water to dilute. Get medical attention. NEVER GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH TO AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON. /Ramrod Flake/SKIN: Prevention and Protection: Use proper application technique, and proper skin protection: clean, rubber, PVC, or neoprene gloves. First Aid: Remove contaminated clothingwash skin with soap and waterlaunder contaminated clothing before reuseFor more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROPACHLOR (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Allowable Tolerances | Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide and its metabolites (calculated as 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#2981] |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.WEAR RUBBER GLOVES AND WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER HANDLING. CONTAMINATED CLOTHING SHOULD BE LAUNDERED BEFORE REUSE. |
| Treatment | Consider gastric lavage, as well was dilution with milk or water after ingestion. Administer charcoal as a slurry following ingestionhowever, activated charcoal should not be given to patients ingesting strong acidic or basic caustic chemicals. In case of inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. Administer symptomatic treatment as necessary. (T36) |
| Zielorgane | Hepatic |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Eye exposure may cause corneal damage. Erythematopapular contact eczema can follow exposure to propachlor. (L904, L905) |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LD50 PHEASANT ORAL 735 MG/KG /TECHNICAL MATERIAL/LC50 /Anas platyrhynchos/ (Mallard duck) dietary >5000 ppm/8 day /technical propachlor/LC50 /Colinus virginianus/ (Bobwhite quail) dietary >5000 ppm/8 day /technical propachlor/TLM FATHEAD MINNOWS 0.49 MG/L/96 HR /TECHNICAL MATERIAL/ /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PROPACHLOR (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 73-125 measured in three soils(2), indicate that propachlor is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propachlor from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 7.5X10-4 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 580 mg/L(3). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC) based on the vapor pressure of this compound(3). The biodegradation half-life of propachlor in a sandy loam soil incubated in the dark at 24.0 to 26.0 °C was 2.7 days(2). Field dissipation half-lives ranged from 1 to 5.8 days following application of propachlor at a rate of 6 lbs/A to fields located in Iowa, Nebraska and Texas(2).Propachlor was applied to soil and to onions as pre- and post-emergence treatments. Residues of free N-isopropylaniline or propachlor were not present in the onions when harvested nor in soil when sampled one year afer treatment. Analyses of the onions and soil, however, did show the presence of a conjugated metabolite which was shown after hydrolysis to be N-isopropylaniline. Residues of this conjugate were present as much as 2 years after application.Ring-(14)C-labeled alachlor and propachlor were studied in a model eco-system. Alachlor was degraded into eight compounds and propachlor into seven compounds. None were identified. In each case some of the material was unextractable. There was no evidence of magnification of the two compounds or their metabolites in the food chain.AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 73-125 measured in soil(2), indicate that propachlor is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 7.5X10-4 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 580 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 1-71 measured in fish(2,6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Propachlor was stable to hydrolysis at pH 5, 7, and 9, and was slow to degrade in an aqueous photolysis study(2). Propachlor, at 5.9 ppm, degraded slowly, with a calculated half-life of 146 days for a lake water-sediment system incubated under anaerobic conditions in the dark at 24 to 26 °C for 12 months(2). Under aerobic conditions, propapchlor degraded with a half-life of 2.7 days in a sandy loam(2).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propachlor, which has a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) is expected to exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propachlor is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 18 hours(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 2.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), derived using a structure estimation method(3). Direct photolysis in the atmosphere is not expected to be an important fate process since propachlor was very slow to degrade in an aqueous photolysis study. |
| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | Propachlor was applied to onions grown in organic soils in Ontario, Canada in 1974 as pre-emergence and early and late postemergence treatment at rates of 7.2 and 12 kg/ha active ingredient(1). The concn of N-isopropylaniline (metabolite of propachlor) ranged from 0.03 to 0.40 mg/kg compared to a concn of 0.03 mg/kg in onions from untreated fields(1). When the treatment rates were reduced to 3.0 to 6.0 kg/ha and onions were harvested 19-193 days following application in 1985, the concn of onion-bound metabolite ranged less than 0.01 to 0.08 mg/kg(2). In a pesticide residue screening program, propachlor was not detected (detection limit, 0.5 mg/kg) in 6970 domestic and imported produce(3). Propachlor was identified, not quantified, in the 2001 FDA Market Basket Survey of domestic and imported food items(4). It was monitored for but not detected in the 2000, 2002, and 2003 Market Basket Surveys(4). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin. |
| Expositionspfade | Oral (L904)inhalation (L904)dermal (L904)dermal (L904). |
| Milk Concentrations | ... A study /was carried out/ to determine the rates and routes of excretion of orally administered synthetic 14C-labelled propachlor plant metabolites in lactating goats and to quantify and identify the radioactive metabolites in the goat milk, tissues, urine and feces. The daily dose level for the three treated goats was 15 mg/kg administered on 5 consecutive days (the actual dose levels for the treated goats were 13, 14.5 and 13 mg/kg, respectively). Each treated goat received a total of 130.5 mg of the 13C/14C-labelled propachlor plant metabolites mixture during the dosing period. A control animal received placebo capsules. ...The radioactivity found in the milk accounted for only 0.084, 0.10 and 0.13% (average 0.10%) of the administered dose. These values corresponded to metabolite concentrations in the milk of 11.9, 14.8 and 18.0 ug/L (average 14.9 ugL). ...The loss of radioactivity from tissues, milk and excrement occurred rapidly, and after 5 days of depuration the milk and tissue radioactivity levels were below the limit of detection, except in the case of the liver (5.7 u/kg).EXPERIMENTAL: RESIDUES FROM (14)C PROPACHLOR IN MILK FROM GOAT GIVEN 1.3 MG PROPACHLOR WERE ABOUT 2-4 PPB EQUIV OF PROPACHLOR. |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Propachlor can be absorbed into mammals through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract as well as through the skin. It does not accumulate in the body. After 48 hr it is not detectable in the organism. Most animal species (rats, pigs, chickens) metabolize propachlor through the mercapturic acid pathway. Cysteine conjugates are formed by glutathione conjugations and this conjugate has been proposed as an intermediate in the metabolic formation of mercapturic acids. Bacterial C-S lyase participates in the further metabolism of the cysteine conjugate of propachlor and in the formation of the final methylsulfonyl-containing metabolites, which are mainly excreted in the urine ... and insoluble residues, which are excreted in the feces ... The propachlor C-S lyase is not active in germ-free rats. Studies showed some differences in metabolism between the rat and pig. The bile is the major route of elimination of /mercapturic acid pathway/ metabolites in the rat, but it has been proved that an extrabiliary route of metabolism exists in the pig. Metabolic studies on calves showed that they may be unable to form mercapturic acids from glutathione conjugates, which may make them more susceptible to poisoning. ... Signs of acute intoxication /in laboratory animals/ are predominantly central nervous system effects (excitement and convulsion followed by depression). ... Propachlor caused severe irritation effects on eyes and skin. Propachlor has been tested in short- and long-term exposure studies on rats, mice and dogs. The liver and kidneys are the target organs. ... Propachlor was not found to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. ... The experimental data available provide insufficient evidence of the mutagenic potential. When tested as a single dose ... in rats and mice, propachlor showed positive evidence of embryotoxicity. Embryotoxic effects were also observed in repeated dose regimens. ... However, in another rat study ... no embryotoxicity was observed. ... In a two-generation reproduction study, there was no definite evidence of adverse effects. A few cases of contact and allergic dermatitis of farmers and production workers exposed to propachlor ... have been reported. ... There have been no reports of symptoms or diseases either among occupationally exposed humans or the general population, other than the few reports of its effects on the skin of occupationally exposed workers. ... In studies on soil microorganisms, nitrifying bacteria were the most sensitive group to the inhibitory effects of propachlor ... Cellulose-decomposing bacteria were the least sensitive. High adsorption to clay particles in soil and high temperatures both reduce the inhibitory effects. ... Propachlor is considered to be moderately to highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Propachlor is not toxic to earthworms at exposure concentrations in soil expected from normal use ... Propachlor will not pose a hazard to /bees/. Some beneficial parasitic insects have been reported to be adversely affected by propachlor in laboratory and field studies. Propachlor is more toxic to birds when administered via the stomach than when fed in the diet. ... Propachlor does not pose a hazard to birds in the field, even with the granular formulation.Propachlor poisoning causes an induction of microsomal hepatic UDPGT activity, which produces increased clearance of thyroid hormone, T4. Decreased levels of T4 would result in increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Increased levels of TSH would result in the hyperplastic and eventually tumorigenic response of the thyroid. Propachlor metabolites also bind to nAChRs in the nervous system and cause endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (T10, A570, T152) |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Propachlor is more toxic to birds when administered via the stomach than when fed in the diet. Acute LD50 values range between 137 and 735 mg/kg body weight for different bird species. The LC50 values from dietary exposure exceed 5620 mg/kg diet in birds. Propachlor does not pose a hazard to birds in the field, even with the granular formulation./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... data for pheasants /indicate/ an acute oral LD50 of 735 mg/kg body weight. Increased respiration, loss of reflexes, mydriasis, salivation and intermittent tonic/clonic convulsions were found among birds receiving dose levels of 900 and 1350 mg/kg. The onset of symptoms occurred approximately 15 min following dosing and persisted until death 3-5 hr later.../OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ the side effects of propachlor on some beneficial insects /were studied/ ... .The egg parasite Trichogramma cacoeciae March reacted very strongly in laboratory as well as in field conditions to the effects of the herbicide. Contact toxicity tested using residues of propachlor on glass plates (residue level not stated) caused a reduction of the degree of parasitization leading to total mortality of the population in contaminated cages. In a study on the contact toxicity of the spray deposit on single leaves as well as on whole plants, the parasitization of Trichogramma was reduced by 100 and 83%, respectively. ... In addition to this direct contact effect of spray deposits, systemic application also caused an effect after transport of the herbicide through the soil and the plant. This was demonstrated by a reduction of the degree of parasitization compared with untreated controls. Propachlor does not seem to have any influence on Chysopa carnea Steph larvae. No effect was visible either in tests of contact toxicity or contaminated sandy soil, in choice studies on a repellent action of the residue or after topical application of the preparation. After oral application through an artificial food chain, no influence could be demonstrated. Only overdosage increased the mortality rate of the test larvae. No repellent effect of the herbicide on adults was demonstrated ... . The syrphid Epistrophe balteata DeG was more sensitive. Both in contact toxicity studies and in studies for a possible repellent effect, an influence of propachlor on the larval stages was shown. Oral intake through an artificial food chain did not have an effect on the larvae. When the herbicide was sprayed directly on the plant, an increase in larval mortality was observed. Adults of this syrphid also showed reactions to herbicidesduring egg deposition, females avoided surfaces previously treated/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ The potential toxicity of a 65% formulation of propachlor to Aleochara bilineta Gyll was assessed ... .. The imagos were dug into moist sand and the test substance was added at recommended use rates (8 kg in 400 L/ha water). For the assessment of parasitical capacity, pupae of Delia antiqua were dug into the sand. At the termination of the test, the sum of hatched Aleochara larvae in the pupae was determined. These were compared to the number of control organisms treated with tap water. The parasitic capacity of the test beetles was decreased by 11.4% when compared to controls.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PROPACHLOR (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Irritation and/or severe burns of the skin, eye, esophagus or gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract, depending on the route of exposure. (T36) |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (FL) FLORIDA 91 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 90 ug/L |
| Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | EPA 90 ug/L |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 2811 |
| Zollcode | 29242990 |
| RTECS-Nr. | AE1575000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 22-36-43-50/53 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in rats: 710 mg/kg (Kenaga) |
| Gefahrensymbole | XnN,N,Xn |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 24-37-60-61 |
| Lagerklasse | 6.1C - Combustible, acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 1918-16-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Gefahrenklasse | Acute Tox. 3 DermalAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Eye Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Herbicide.