2-(4-tert-Butylphenoxy)cyclohexyl-prop-2-ynyl-sulfit

Pesticide -> EPA IRIS

Acaricides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Other Insecticides

Pesticide (Propargite) -> USDA PDB

Pesticide

log Kow = 5.7

3.73

1.085 to 1.115 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999)

1.10 at 20 °C

Brownish-yellow, oily viscous liquid (tech.)

Light to dark brown viscous liquid

Fully miscible with hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, methanol and acetone

In water, 0.215 mg/L at 25 °C

Decomposes. (USCG, 1999)

Decomposes at about 200 °C prior to boiling

0.00000004 [mmHg]

3X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C

Propargite is a dark colored liquid. It is a wettable powder or water emulsifiable liquid. It can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. It is used as a pesticide. Practically insoluble in water (10.5 mg/L). Used as an acaricide.

Viscous liquid; [Merck Index] Brownish-yellow oily liquid; [HSDB] Light to dark brown viscous liquid; Formulated as emulsifiable concentrate liquid and wettable powder; [Reference #1] Omite 579 EW: Off-white liquid; [EFSA] Brown liquid; [Aldrich MSDS]

Danger

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Developmental Toxicity

Commission Regulation (EC) No 33/2008

Propargite is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

2008/934, Reg. (EU) No 943/2011

REACH registered substance: Propargite (EC: 219-006-1)

Propargite: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Outbreaks of irritant contact dermatitis in farmworkers have been reported. [Kanerva, p. 787] Slowly reacts with water forming sulfur dioxide and alcohols; A skin, eye (may be severe), and mucous membrane irritant; [CAMEO] Reports of dermatitis and eye irritation in agricultural employees; [HSDB] Corrosive to rabbit skin and eyes; A skin sensitizer in guinea pigs; Classified as a probable human carcinogen based on fatal intestinal tumors in experimental animals; [Reference #1] A skin and severe eye irritant; Toxic by inhalation; [Aldrich MSDS]

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Propargite (September 2001). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of June 13, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Propargite. 147 p. Case No. 0243 Effective: September 28, 2001 Amended: December 15, 2005. This document contains a generic and/or a product-specific Data Call-In(s) (DCI) that outline(s) further data requirements for this chemical. ... This RED also contains labeling requirements for propargite products.[Available from, as of June 5, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

Tolerances are established for residues of the pesticide propargite (2-(p-tert -butylphenoxy) cyclohexyl 2-propynyl sulfite) in or on the following food commodities: [Table#3222]

Tolerances with regional registrations. Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in section 180(n), are established for residues of propargite in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: Corn, sweet, kernal plus cob with husks removed).

The Agency has completed its assessment of the occupational, non-occupational, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticides containing the active ingredient propargite, as well as a propargite-specific dietary risk assessment. Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient propargite, EPA has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of propargite to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that propargite products are eligible for reregistration provided that: (i) current data gaps and additional confirmatory data needs are addressed; (ii) the risk mitigation measures outlined in this document are adopted, and (iii) label amendments are made to reflect these measures.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Propargite is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0243; Pesticide type: Insecticide; Registration Standard Date: 09/30/86; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Propargite; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

PROPARGITE is a sulfite ester. As an ester, it will hydrolyze to form sulfur dioxide and alcohols; reaction is more rapid under basic conditions. It may react exothermically with acids to generate alcohols. Heat will be generated by interaction with basic or caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

This pesticide is toxic to fish. Do not discharge effluent into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or public waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge.

Runoff from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Do not apply by ground application equipment within 50 feet of surface waters or by aerial application equipment within 75 feet of surface water. ... Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash water.

Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry.

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. Users should remove clothing/PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing.

Notify workers of the application /of this pesticide/ by warning them orally and by posting warning signs at entrances to treated area.

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may be in the area during application.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROPARGITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of the pesticide propargite (2-(p-tert -butylphenoxy) cyclohexyl 2-propynyl sulfite) in or on the following food commodities: [Table#3220]

Tolerances with regional registrations. Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in section 180(n), are established for residues of propargite in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: Corn, sweet, kernal plus cob with husks removed); 0.1 ppm.

Rubber gloves and boots, safety goggles or face mask, hooded suit and either a respirator with approved canister or a self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)

Engineering Controls ... for liquid products. Mixers and loaders supporting aerial applications to corn and cotton must use a closed system that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides [40 CFR 170.240(d)(4)], and must: -- wear the personal protective equipment required above for mixers/loaders, -- wear protective eyewear if the system operates under pressure, and -- be provided and have immediately available for use in an emergency, such as a broken package, spill, or equipment breakdown: coveralls, and chemical-resistant footwear . Pilots must use an enclosed cockpit in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides [40 CFR 170.240(d)(6)]; Applicators using airblast spray equipment must use an enclosed cab that meets the definition in the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides [40 CFR 170.240(d)(5)] for dermal protection. In addition, such applicators must: -- wear the personal protective equipment required above for applicators, -- be provided and must have immediately available for use in an emergency when they must exit the cab in the treated area: coveralls, chemical resistant gloves, chemical-resistant footwear, and chemical-resistant headgear, if overhead exposure, -- take off any PPE that was worn in the treated area before reentering the cab, and -- store all such PPE in a chemical-resistant container, such as a plastic bag, to prevent contamination of the inside of the cab. When other applicators use enclosed cabs in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides (40 CFR 170.240(d)(4-6), the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as specified in the WPS.

Engineering Controls ... for Wettable Powders in Water Soluble Packaging. All WP product must be packaged in Water Soluble Packaging (WSP) to be eligible for reregistration. Water-soluble packets when used correctly qualify as a closed mixing/loading system under the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides [40 CFR 170.240(d)(4)]. Mixers and loaders using water-soluble packets must : -- wear the personal protective equipment required above for mixers/ loaders, and -- be provided and must have it immediately available for use in an emergency, such as a broken package, spill, or equipment breakdown: coveralls, chemical-resistant footwear, and a NIOSH approved respirator with an organic vapor removing cartridge with a prefilter approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-23C), or a canister approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-14G), or an organic vapor cartridge or canister with any N, R, P or HE prefilter, and -Chemical-resistant headgear, if overhead exposure. Pilots must use an enclosed cockpit in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides [40 CFR 170.240(d)(6)]; Applicators using airblast spray equipment must use an enclosed cab that meets the definition in the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides [40 CFR 170.240(d)(5)] for dermal protection. In addition, such applicators must: -- wear the personal protective equipment required above for applicators, -- be provided and must have immediately available for use in an emergency when they must exit the cab in the treated area: coveralls, chemical resistant gloves, chemical-resistant footwear, and chemical-resistant headgear, if overhead exposure, -- take off any PPE that was worn in the treated area before reentering the cab, and -- store all such PPE in a chemical-resistant container, such as a plastic bag, to prevent contamination of the inside of the cab." When other applicators use enclosed cabs in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides (40 CFR 170.240(d)(4-6), the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as specified in the WPS.

PPE Requirements Established ...for Wettable Powder product formulations (must be packaged in Water Soluble Packaging (WSP) to be eligible for reregistration). Mixers, loaders, applicators and other handlers must wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants, Shoes plus socks, Chemical-resistant gloves (except for flaggers and applicators using closed cabs), Chemical-resistant apron for mixers and loaders.

PPE Requirements ... for liquid products. Mixers, loaders, applicators and other handlers must wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants, Shoes plus socks, Chemical-resistant gloves (except for flaggers and applicators using closed cabs), Chemical-resistant apron for mixers and loaders and persons exposed to the concentrate.

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water, is: -- coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, -- chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material, -- chemical-resistant footwear plus socks, and -- protective eyewear.

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite, juvenile) diet 3401 ppm/8 days (95% confidence interval: 2494-4639 ppm)[USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) on 2-

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, juvenile) diet >4640 ppm/8 days[USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) on 2-

LD50; Species: Apis mellifera (Honey bee, adults) topical 15 ug/bee/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 13-18 ug/bee)[USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) on 2-

EC50; Species: Anabaena flosaquae (Blue-green algae, age 5 days); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 101 ppm for 5 days; Effect: population abundance[USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) on 2-

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PROPARGITE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 2,963-57,966 measured in soil(2), indicate that propargite is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propargite from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 3X10-7 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 0.215 mg/L(3). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure of this compound(3). The time for 50% dissipation (DT50) of propargite in soil samples (pH 6-6.9, 1.0-2.55% organic carbon) under aerobic conditions was reported as 50-67 days(3). Hydrolysis in moist soils may also be an important fate process since propagite hydrolyzes quickly under alkaline conditions(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 2,963-57,966 measured in soil(2), indicate that propargite is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 3X10-7 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 0.215 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 4890 from a log Kow of 5.7(4) and regression derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). The hydrolysis half-life of propargite at pH 5, 7, and 9 is 120 days, 75 days, and 2.2 days, respectively(2). The time for 50% dissipation(DT50) of propargite in an aqueous photolysis experiment was 6 days and the biodegradation DT50 was 18.3-22.5 days in a sediment/water system(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propargite, which has a vapor pressure of 3X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propargite is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours for hydroxyl radicals and 382 days for ozone(SRC), calculated from their respective rate constants of 6.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec and 3X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec at and 25 °C(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase propargite may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Propargite may undergo direct photolysis in the environment based upon an aqueous photolysis 50% dissipation time (DT50) of 6 days following exposure to sunlight(2).

Propargite residues on Valencia oranges initially decreased rapidly due to weathering processes but approximately one-third (between 2 and 3 ppm) of the original residues remained after approximately 130 days(1). The remaining residues apparently had migrated into the fruit rind(1). Propargite was identified, not quantified, in the 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 FDA Market Basket Survey of domestic and imported food items(2). Propargite was detected in 6 out of 86 apples tested during the 1995-2000 food monitoring study of domestic and imported foods in Japan(3). Propargite was detected in 81 out of 769 domestic apples (max concn 1.6 ppm), and 94 out of 1,062 imported apples (max concn 2.6 ppm)in a US FDA pesticide monitoring study(4).

The average daily intake of propargite in ug/kg(body weight)-day was estimated for the following age/gender groups in the US: 0.2812 (6-11 month old infants); 0.221 (2 year olds); 0.0390 (14-16 year old females); 0.0487 (14-16 year old males); 0.0387 (25-30 year old females); 0.0270 (25-30 year old males); 0.0473 (60-65 year old females); 0.0411 (60-65 year old males)(1).

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ The action on the honeybees of the ... acaricides hexythiazox and propargite was investigated by ingestion and indirect contact in laboratory tests. The results of the trials revealed that ... the heterocyclic carcoxamide hexyhiazox and the organic sulfite propargite were not toxic. ...

The concn of propargite measured in water which was used to rinse out the tanks of airplanes which sprayed the pesticide were 1,195, 89.0, and 4.13 mg/L for water from the first, second, and third washes, respectively(1). The initial tank concn was 15,385 mg/L(1). The concn of propargite in water used to wash off the exterior of the airplane was 0.70 mg/L(1). It was recommended that the rinse waters themselves should be sprayed onto the treated fields as a means of disposal(1). Propargite was found in seed cotton and cotton gin wastes collected in 1977 from the San Joaquin Valley at average concn of 3.20 and 3.94 ppm in the whole waste and in the separated fines, respectively(2). Propargite was detected at concn ranging from 120 to 320 ng/cu m (227 ng/cu m avg) in the air adjacent to the cotton gin waste screening operations(2). Propargite was not detected (detection limit 10 ng/cu m) in the air adjacent to the cotton gin waste composting operations(2).

Propargite

Developmental

2 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

The Koc of propargite was reported to range from 2,963-57,966 in an unspecified number of soils(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this range of Koc values indicates that propargite is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Propargite was detected in 3 out of 22 samples of urban air (mean concn 0.014 ug/cu m) in California(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Propargite was detected in 67 out of 152 samples of rural air (mean concn 0.046 ug/cu m) in California(1).

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... Population-based childhood cancer incidence rates throughout California /were analyzed/ in relation to agricultural pesticide use. During 1988-1994, a total of 7,143 cases of invasive cancer were diagnosed among children under 15 years of age in California. Building on the availability of high-quality population-based cancer incidence information from the California Cancer Registry, population data from the U.S. Census, and uniquely comprehensive agricultural pesticide use information from California's Department of Pesticide Regulation, /the authors/ used a geographic information system to assign summary population, exposure, and outcome attributes at the block group level. /They/ used Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios (RRs) by pesticide use density adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, and sex for all types of childhood cancer combined and separately for the leukemias and central nervous system cancers. ...Generally ... no association /was found/ between pesticide use density and childhood cancer incidence rates. The RR for all cancers was 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80-1.13] for block groups in the 90th percentile and above for use of pesticides classified as probable carcinogens, compared to the block groups with use of < 1 lb/sq mi. The RRs were similar for leukemia and central nervous system cancers. Childhood leukemia rates were significantly elevated (RR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.03-2.13) in block groups with the highest use of propargite, although ... no dose-response trend with increasing exposure categories /was seen/. Results were unchanged by further adjustment for socioeconomic status and urbanization.

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Previous studies have indicated that farm workers may be at increased risk of gastric cancer. Meta-analyses, ecological, case-control, and cohort studies suggest that some aspects of the agricultural environment may be implicated in the elevated risk. Hispanic farm workers in California are exposed to a multitude of potentially toxic substances in the work site, including excessive sunlight, fertilizers, diesel fumes, and pesticides. A previous analysis of a cohort of California farm workers who had been members of a farm labor union, the United Farm Workers of America (UFW) found a proportionate cancer incidence ratio for stomach cancer of 1.69 when using the California Hispanic population as the standard. The aim of the current study was to further evaluate associations between gastric cancer and the types of crops and commodities UFW members cultivate and the associated pesticide use as recorded by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR). /The authors/ conducted a nested case-control study of gastric cancer embedded in the UFW cohort and identified 100 cases of newly diagnosed gastric cancer between 1988 and 2003. /They/ identified 210 control participants matched on age, gender, ethnicity, and who were known to be alive and resident in California up to the date of the cases' diagnosis. Both stratified analyses and unconditional logistic regression were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Work in the citrus industry was associated with increased gastric cancer (OR=2.88; 95% CI=1.02-8.12) although no other specific crops or commodities were associated with this disease. Working in areas with high use of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide 2,4-D was associated with gastric cancer (OR=1.85; 95% CI=1.05-3.25); use of the organochlorine insecticide chlordane was also associated with the disease (OR=2.96; 95% CI=1.48-5.94). Gastric cancer was associated with use of the acaricide propargite and the herbicide triflurin (OR=2.86; 95% CI=1.56-5.23 and 1.69, 95% CI=0.99-2.89, respectively). Gastric cancer in California Hispanic farm workers is associated with work in the citrus fruit industry and among those who work in fields treated with 2,4-D, chlordane, propargite, and trifluin...

/SURVEILLANCE/ ... The four sources of information are OPP's Incident Data System (IDS), American Association of Poison Control Centers (PCC), California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR), and the National Pesticides Telecommunication Network CDPR and OPP data tend to provide the most insight into propargite's association with human health incidents. ... The incident data contain cases showing propargite poses skin illness and eye irritation concerns for handlers and post-application workers. From CDPR data, field residue exposure was associated with the majority (66%) of the exposure cases in California. A large proportion of cases resulted from field reentry and worker activities involving extensive contact with treated foliage such as turning cane for grapes and harvesting citrus. Applicators and other handlers accounted for the bulk of the balance (28%). These data illustrate that human incidents have historically occurred mostly among workers and handlers. Propargite usually effects the skin in human exposure cases. Of the confirmed propargite cases reported to the CDPR between 1982 and 1996, 79% of the individuals developed skin illnesses as a result of exposure (528 of 671 persons). Data covering the years 1982-1989 found that propargite was the leading cause of skin-related injuries among all pesticides in California. For the years 1990-1994, propargite dropped to seventh place among pesticides. The drop in the frequency of illnesses in the early 1990's is apparently attributable to increasing restricted entry intervals (REI), which were put into place in 1989. Depending on the crop, REIs were extended from 2-7 days to 14-42 days....

/SURVEILLANCE/ In California, a number of complaints of dermatitis & eye irritation caused by propargite led to an investigation. In 1974 there were 36 recorded complaints assoc with the application of 358,477 kg of the cmpd on 179,160 ha. During the investigation in 1975, many complaints that had not been officially reported were found by questioning workers. Most complaints were assoc with single water wettable powder, which was very dusty, & most of the difficulty was assoc with mixing & loading. ... the offending formulation was withdrawn from sale in california & a newly developed wettable powder with negligible dustiness was substituted.

/SURVEILLANCE/ An outbreak of dermatitis cases among 198 orange pickers employed by a Tulare County, California, packinghouse was investigated. Dermatitis was contracted by 114 (58%) of the 198 workers exposed when Omite-CR-treated fields were harvested. The dermatitis occurred predominantly in the exposed areas of the neck and chest. A dose-response association with dermatitis was suggested for Omite-CR (Propargite) exposure, but not for Carzol, Omite-CR + Carzol, or other pesticides. Because no violations of pesticide preharvest intervals or application rates were found, it appears that residue degradation was not given adequate consideration in the registration of Omite-CR, thus compromising the safety of the worker.

Tolerances are established for residues of the pesticide propargite (2-(p-tert -butylphenoxy) cyclohexyl 2-propynyl sulfite) in or on the following food commodities: [Table#3222]

Tolerances with regional registrations. Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in section 180(n), are established for residues of propargite in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: Corn, sweet, kernal plus cob with husks removed).

The Agency has completed its assessment of the occupational, non-occupational, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticides containing the active ingredient propargite, as well as a propargite-specific dietary risk assessment. Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient propargite, EPA has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of propargite to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that propargite products are eligible for reregistration provided that: (i) current data gaps and additional confirmatory data needs are addressed; (ii) the risk mitigation measures outlined in this document are adopted, and (iii) label amendments are made to reflect these measures.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Propargite is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0243; Pesticide type: Insecticide; Registration Standard Date: 09/30/86; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Propargite; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Propargite is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

When 50-mg samples of bulb mites, Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze and Robin), were placed for 1 hr in glass vials coated with 0.53 mug of radiocarbon-labeled propargite, about 12% (1.27 ug/g) of the acaricide was transferred to the mites. Mites treated with propargite were kept in holding vials and the extent of metabolism was evaluated after 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. Internal levels of radiocarbon ranged from 14.8 to 17.4% of the dose and were divided about equally between the mite extrat and mite residue fractions. Levels of propargite in the internal extract decreased from 5.9 at 6 hr to 2.5 at 48 hr when expressed as percentage of total recovered radiocarbon and from 61.5 at 6 hr to 29.8 at 48 hr when expressed as relative percentage of radiocarbon in the internal extract. Thus, propargite was degraded slowly by the mites. The metabolites 4-tert-butylphenol and 2-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) cyclohexanol (glycol ether) were present at low levels (< 0.5%). Propargite was degraded in vitro by bulb mite homogenates with the 12,000 pernatant being about four times more active than the corresponding pellet. Exogenous NADPH and glutathione greatly enhanced propargite degradation by the supernatant fraction. However, not all of the degradation in the presence of glutathione was enzymatic; about 15% of the propargite was converted to 4-tert-butylphenol when the acaricide was incubated with cofactor in buffer in the absence of the mite supernatant. In vitro propargite degradation products consisted mainly of unindentified polar metabolites, but low levels of 4-tert-butylphenol and glyol ether also were present.

Used as a miticide; [Kanerva, p. 787] Used to control mites on ornamentals and various field, fruit, and vegetable crops; [Reference #1]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For propargite (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 97601) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Acaricide for fruits, vegetables, row crops.

Acaricide / miticide.

Control of phytophagous mites (particularly motile stages) on a variety of crops, including vines, fruit trees (e.g. top fruit, stone fruit, citrus fruit), hops, nuts, tomatoes, vegetables, ornamentals, cotton, maize, peanuts, and sorghum. Used at rates from 0.75-1.8 kg/ha on row crops and foliar sprays of 0.85-3.0 kg/ha on perennial fruit and nut crops.

Consumption Patterns:

/On/ Alfalfa, 8.9%; Almonds, 14.8%; Beans, 4.9%; Corn, 22.9%; Cotton, 40.6% (1984) /California use, calculated from table/

Propargite is produced by the reaction of 4-tert-butylphenol with 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, followed by treatment with thionyl chloride to give the chlorosulfinate, then with 2-propynol (propargyl alcohol) in the presence of a base.

REACTION OF P-TERT-BUTYLPHENOL & CYCLOHEXENE OXIDE TO YIELD A GLYCOL ETHER, & CONVERSION TO A CHLOROSULFINATE BY THIONYL CHLORIDE. CHLOROSULFINATE & PROPARGYL ALC REACT IN PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE ACCEPTOR TO GIVE OMITE.

OMITE - 30W Active Ingredient 32.00% Propargite

OMITE-57E Active Ingredient 57.00% Propargite

OMITE-6E Active Ingredient 69.20% Propargite

OMITE TECHNICAL Active Ingredient 90.60% Propargite

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for PROPARGITE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

INTRODUCED IN 1964 BY UNIROYAL INC AS EXPTL ACARICIDE. US PATENT 3,272,854 & 3,311,534.

Restricted Use Pesticide Due to acute skin and eye effect. For retail sale to and use only by Certified Applicators, or persons under their supervision, and only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator's certification.

Formulation Types Registered: Propargite is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate liquid and as a wettable powder. Application Methods and Equipment Aerial (spray) Equipment: Foliar applications to fruit/nut trees, field crops (e.g., alfalfa, sorghum, corn), cotton, vegetable crops, specialty crops (e.g., Christmas trees, mint, peanuts), roots and tuber vegetable (e.g., carrot, sugar beet). Chemigation Equipment: Roots and vegetable (e.g., potatoes) and field crops. Groundboom Equipment: Fruit/nut orchard floors, field crops, cotton, and vegetable crops. Airblast Equipment: Fruit/nut/ornamental tree foliage. High Pressure Handwand Equipment: Non-bearing nursery stock. Application Rates and Frequency: 0.5 to 4.8 lbs active ingredient/acre; 2 to 3 times per year.