Sodium Perborate

When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of /disodium oxide/.

Decomposes in water with the liberation of hydrogen peroxide and then oxygen. /Tetrahydrate/

Anhydrous sodium peroxoborate consists of white to yellowish free-flowing crystals. It is hygroscopic and forms a partial hydrate in damp air. It is noncombustible but mixtures of organic material are readily ignited and may burn fiercely.

White hygroscopic solid; Produces oxygen gas when dissolved in water; [Hawley] White to yellowish hygroscopic solid; [CAMEO] White odorless crystalline granules; [MSDSonline]

Stable as powder

Stable when kept cool and dry, but decomposes with the liberation of oxygen in warm or moist air.

Evolves oxygen gas when dissolved in water; hygroscopic. Strong oxidizing agent.

White amorphous powder; rapidly soluble in water giving a solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borate /Sodium perborate monohydrate/

Colorless crystals; melting point: 63 °C; loses water at 130-150 °C; solubility in water: 21.5 g/L at 18 °C, giving a solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borate /Sodium perborate tetrahydrate/

White, odorless, crystalline powder; saline taste; stable when kept cool and dry, but decomposes with liberation of oxygen in warm moist air; decomposes >60 °C; soluble in approximately 40 parts water, the solution being alkaline and decomposing with liberation of hydrogen peroxide; hydrogen peroxide is formed in the presence of acids /Sodium perborate tetrahydrate/

Valence: 5 /SRC/

Danger

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P203, P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P203, P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Perboric acid (HBO(O2)), sodium salt

Hazard Traits - Reproductive Toxicity

Hazard Traits - Reproductive Toxicity

Substance: Sodium perborate

Perboric acid, sodium salt, anhydrous: HSNO Approval: HSR001356 Approved with controls

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Toxic by ingestion--may cause burns of mouth and esophagus; May cause borate poisoning; Lethal dose = 0.1-0.5 g/kg; A reproductive toxin in animal studies; [HSDB] A strong oxidizing agent; Poses fire risk on contact with organic substances; [Hawley] A strong oxidizing agent; Mixtures with organic substances may ignite and burn vigorously; Reacts with water rapidly producing oxygen; [CAMEO] An eye irritant; [eChemPortal: ERMA] A respiratory tract irritant; May cause severe eye injury; [eChemPortal: ESIS] An irritant; [MSDSonline] See Boric acid.

Alkaline solution of SODIUM PERBORATE produces decomposition with liberation of hydrogen peroxide and then oxygen; in the presence of acids, hydrogen peroxide is formed [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. The true peroxoborate has been reported to detonate on light friction. The common "tetrahydrate" is not a peroxoborate, it is relatively stable under mild grinding with other substances.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

General First Aid:

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Was away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Approach fire with caution.

Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM PERBORATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Immediate precautionary measure

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Repeated oral use as a mouthwash may cause hypertrophy of filiform papillae of tongue. ...The ingestion of tablets and powders marketed as denture cleansers... has caused corrosive injuries of the mouth and esophagus.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Local use of sodium perborate in high concentrations in the mouth may cause chemical burns, low resistance to trauma, and retraction of gums.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In an investigation of 541 members of a hospital cleaning department, a prevalence rate of occupational disease of 15.3% was found. 39.1% of those surveyed had a skin disease at one time or another during their hospital employment. An observed higher prevalence in the younger age groups can be explained by the selection of those with skin diseases for work away from the cleaning department. Many persons developed their disease shortly after employment began, which indicated that most conditions were irritant diseases. This was confirmed by diagnosis: 75% of the conditions were irritant dermatitis (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, chloramine, nickel, rubber), 21% were allergic contact dermatitis (detergents, alkaline substances, acids, sodium perborate, hypochlorite and hypobromite compounds), and 4% were monilia of the finger webs.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The fatal dose of boric acid, sodium borate, or sodium perborate is 0.1-0.5 g/kg.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Thirteen denture cleaners were tested for potential toxicity by acute oral tests in rats, eye and skin irritation in rabbits. All were eye irritants. Three products produced skin irritation, while five had oral LD50 values below 5 g/kg. Eight were also gastrointestinal irritants in rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ This study ... assesed bleaching agents in the rabbit low-volume eye test. Ten microl of sodium perborate monohydrate (NaBO3), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 15% H2O2 was applied directly to the cornea of the right eye of each rabbit. Macroscopic assessments for irritation were made 3 hours after dosing and periodically until 35 days. Light microscopic examinations were conducted on tissues obtained at 3 hr and on 1, 3, and 35 days. In vivo confocal microscopy (CM) and measurements of dead corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes at 3 hours and 1 day were used to characterize quantitatively initial corneal injury, while in vivo CM performed at 3 hours and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 35 days was used to characterize quantitatively the corneal changes over time. The changes with NaBO3 and NaOCl were consistent with mild irritancy. For both, corneal injury was limited to the epithelium and superficial stroma. The changes with 10% H202 and 15% H2O2 were consistent with severe irritation. Both concentrations affected the epithelium and deep stroma, with 15% H2O2 also at times affecting the endothelium.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Rats and dogs received perboric acid, sodium salt with their feed. Accumulation occurs in the testes; germ cell depletion and testicular atrophy were reported.

/GENOTOXICITY/ DNA repair-deficient bacterial tests: positive.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM PERBORATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if nescessary. treat coma, seizures, hypotension, and renal failure if they occur. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal (although boric acid is not well absorbed). Consider gastric lavage for large ingestions. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/

Hemodialysis is effective and is indicated after massive ingestions and for supportive care of renal failure. Peritoneal dialysishas not proved effective in enhancing elimination in infants. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/

In acute poisonings, if a large amount has been ingested and the patient is seen within one hour of exposure, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... .It is important to keep in mind that vomiting and diarrhea are common, and severe poisoning may be associated with seizures. Therefore induction of emesis by syrup of ipecac is probably contraindicated in these exposures. Catharsis is not indicated if diarrhea is present. /Boric acid and Borates/

If ingestion of borate has been massive (several grams), or has extended over several days, administer intravenous glucose and electrolyte solutions to sustain urinary excretion of borate. Monitor fluid balance and serum electrolytes (including bicarbonate capacity ) regularly. Monitor cardiac status by ECG. Test the urine for proteins and cells to detect renal injury, and monitor serum concentration of borate. Metabolic acidosis may be treated with sodium bicarbonate. If shock develops, it may be necessary to infuse plasma or whole blood. Administer oxygen continuously. If oliguria (less than 25 to 30 mL urine per hour) occurs, intravenous fluids must be slowed or stopped to avoid overloading the circulation. Such patients should be referred to a center capable of providing intensive care for critically ill patients. /Boric acid and Borates/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SODIUM PERBORATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(CA) CALIFORNIA 1000 ug/L /Boron/

(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 630 ug/L /Boron/

(ME) MAINE 1,400 ug/L /Boron/

(MN) MINNESOTA 1,000 ug/L /Boron/

(WI) WISCONSIN 960 ug/L /Boron/

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

Used to bleach straw, ivory, sponges, bristles, waxes, textiles, and other fibers; Also used in germicides, topical antiseptics, detergents, denture cleaners, mouthwashes, deodorants, toothpastes, electroplating agents, cold wave preparations, and vat dyes; [HSDB]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

For sodium perborate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 211105) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Bleaching straw and other fibers, ivory, sponges, bristles, waxes; in laundering, dentrifices, soaps. Topical antiseptic

Denture cleaner, oxygen source

Bleaching agents for textiles; component of detergents, mouthwash; laboratory reagent; agent in neutralizing cold wave preparation; electroplating agent; germicide; deodorant; agent in developing vat dyes

Electrolysis of a solution of borax and soda ash; crystallization from a solution of borax or boric acid, sodium peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide

... From sodium metaborate & hydrogen peroxide: Leblon, Lambert, US patent 3,109,706 (1963 to Solvay and Cie).

... By heating sodium perborate tetrahydrate.

Leblon, Lambert, US 3109706 (1963 to Solvay & Cie.)

Perboric acid (HBO(O2)), sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Sodium perborates are persalts that are hydrolytically unstable because they contain characteristic boron-oxygen-oxygen bonds that react with water to form hydrogen peroxide and stable sodium metaborate (NaBO2.nH2O). This hydrolysis reaction is the basis of the use of perborates as bleaches in detergents at high (70-100 °C) temperature. At lower washing temperatures (25-70 °C), activators are needed; these react with peroxide to give peracids, which are stronger oxidants and give bleaching effects at lower temperatures.