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Dihydrogenselenid
H2Se · selane · [Seh2] · Chebi:16503 · electronice-2 · Electronic E-2 · H2se mixed gas · seleniumhydride
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 7783-07-5 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | H2Se |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 80,99 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 81,93217 g/mol |
| SMILES | [SeH2] |
| InChIKey | SPVXKVOXSXTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 533 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16503 |
| EC No. | 231-978-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID20872822 |
| Lokaler Name | Dihydrogenselenid |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 0 |
|---|---|
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 0 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 1 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 0 |
| Stoffklassen | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> HydridesFlammable agents - 4th degree |
| pH | Aqueous solution is weakly acidic, although it is stronger than aqueous acetic acid3.49(1 mM solution)2.93(10 mM solution)2.41(100 mM solution) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | phonon wavenumber |
| Geruch | Odor resembling decayed horseradish |
| Dichte | 2.12 at -42 °C/4 °C (liquid)3.614 g/L (gas)Relative density (water = 1): 2.1 (liquid)2.80(relative gas density)d4-42 2.12 |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas |
| Löslichkeit | 0.9 % at 73 °F (NIOSH, 2024)377 mL in 100 mL water at 4 °C270 mL in 100 mL water at 22.5 °C0.70 g/100 mLSoluble in carbonyl chloride and carbon disulfideSoluble in alkaline waterSolubility in water, ml/100ml at 22.5 °C: 270soluble in H2OmL/100mL H2O: 377 (4°C), 270 (22.5°C) [MER06]mL/l00g H2O at standard temp, pressure: 386 (0°C), 351 (10°C), 289 (20°C) [LAN05] |
| Flammpunkt | Flammable gasNA (Gas) |
| Siedepunkt | -42.3 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)-41.3 °C-41 °C-42 °F-41.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]bp -41.3° |
| Schmelzpunkt | -86.31 °F (EPA, 1998)-65.73 °C-66 °C-87 °F-64 °C-65.73° |
| Dampfdichte | 2.12 at -43.6 °F (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)2.00 (Air = 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.8 |
| Geruchsschwelle | Odor Threshold Low: 0.3 [ppm]Odor low: 0.0016 mg/cu mOdor high: 12 mg/cu mDescription of odor: decayed horse radish.... Concentrations of 0.3 ppm are readily detected by odor. ...Irritating concn: 6 mg/cu m |
| Aggregatzustand | colorless gas |
| Farbe | colorless gasflammable |
| Geruch | Characteristic odor |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(gas): 0.43 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Henry-Konstante | 8.1×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Fogg and Young (1988) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Highly flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, acids, water, halogenated hydrocarbons. |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Hydrogen selenide (7783-07-5) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P260, P271, P273, P280, P284, P304+P340, P316, P320, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 83 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases] |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| Regulatorische Informationen | Hazard Traits - Ocular ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison Gas Flammable Gas |
| Brandgefahren | It is extremely flammablemay be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. It is dangerous and forms explosive mixtures with air. It can decompose into toxic fumes. Incompatible with acid, water, halogenated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric acid. It should be stored out of the direct rays of the sun. Keep away from heat and flames. (EPA, 1998)· These materials are extremely flammable.Extremely flammable. Gas/air mixtures are explosive. |
| Brandpotenzial | ...highly flammable...Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | It is a hazardous compound which can cause damage to the lungs and liver. Those experiencing dermatitis, chronic bronchitis, or any form of skin allergy or respiratory tract infection are at a greater risk. (EPA, 1998)· TOXICExtremely Hazardous. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Experimental animals show signs of respiratory irritation and die after 8 hour exposures of 1 mg/m3 (0.3 ppm). Pathological examination shows evidence of liver damage. Inhalation of hydrogen selenide by workers has caused eye, nose, and respiratory irritation. Pulmonary edema is a potential toxic effect. [ACGIH] Hydrogen selenide is probably the only selenium compound that might pose a health concern in the workplace. [ATSDR ToxFAQs] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid[NIOSH] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantMay cause liver injuryMay cause pulmonary edema[ICSC] See Selenium. |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 2202 1172202 117(anhydrous) |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Sulfides, Inorganic |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: T, NR: 23/25-33-50/53S: (1/2)-20/21-28-45-60-61Note: A |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 2.3UN Subsidiary Risks: 2.1 |
| Special Reports | U.S. Dept Health & Human Services/Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease RegistryToxicological Profile for Selenium (September 2003). The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for a hazardous substance.[Available from, as of March 22, 2011: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/indexAZ.asp#S]US Dept of Interior/Fish & Wildlife Service Contaminant ReviewsSelenium Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review Biol Rept No (85)1.5 (1985)WHOEnvironmental Health Criteria 58: Selenium (1987). EHC are designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.[Available from, as of April 1, 2011: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc58.htm#SectionNumber:7.1] |
| Brandbekämpfung | Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Stay upwindkeep out of low areas. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water until well after the fire is out.Shut off supplyif not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| Erste Hilfe | Signs and Symptoms of Hydrogen Selenide Exposure: Acute exposure to hydrogen selenide may include garlic odor of the breath, metallic taste, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Bluing of skin, irritation of the eyes, nasal secretion, pain in the chest, difficulty in breathing, coughing, irritation of the respiratory tract resulting in bronchitis and pulmonary edema may also occur. In addition, CNS depression, hypotension (low blood pressure), cardiopulmonary arrest, and coma may also be observed.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| Sichere Lagerung | Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Keep in the dark. Cool. |
| Firefighting Hazards | If exposed to prolonged fire or intense heat the containers may violently rupture or rocket. |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].0.006 [ppm] |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Approach fire with caution. If fire is prolonged and material is confined in the container, consider evacuation of one (1) mile radius. If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one (1) mile radius.Personnel protection: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 117 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable (Extreme Hazard)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D010, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Recommendable: Chemical reduction, solidification landfill. Not recommendable: Thermal destruction, discharge to sewer. As the price of selenium is very highrecovery of it by processing selenium containing waste is economical. For example, selenium refineries are equipped with wet scrubbers that employ an approx 50% soln of hydrobromic acid containing free bromine. The acid fumes are adsorbed in a lime and soda bed, and the selenium separated from the hydrobromic acid soln by distillation is recycled. ... If possible, convert selenium compounds to an insoluble form with sulfur dioxide before landfill or solidification. Do not use metal and acid to reduce selenium compounds. This will produce toxic gaseous hydrogen selenide. |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. |
| Preventive Measures | Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Approach fire with caution.If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for HYDROGEN SELENIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Zielorgane | Eyes, respiratory system, liver |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Chronic oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium compounds can produce a disease called selenosis. The major signs of selenosis are hair loss, nail brittleness, and neurological abnormalities (such as numbness and other odd sensations in the extremities). Animal studies have shown that selenium may also affect sperm production and the female reproductive cycle. (L619) |
| Umweltverhalten | ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Hydrogen selenide is volatile and is expected to exist in the gaseous state in the atmosphere(1,2). It is highly reactive in air and is rapidly oxidized to elemental selenium and water(2). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.inhalation, skin and/or eye contactOral (L619)inhalation (L619)dermal (L619) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Selenium readily substitutes for sulfur in biomolecules and in many biochemical reactions, especially when the concentration of selenium is high and the concentration of sulfur is low. Inactivation of the sulfhydryl enzymes necessary for oxidative reactions in cellular respiration, through effects on mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport, might contribute to acute selenium toxicity. Selenomethionine (a common organic selenium compound) also appears to randomly substitute for methionine in protein synthesis. This substitution may affect the structure and functionability of the protein, for example, by altering disulfide bridges. Inorganic forms of selenium appear to react with tissue thiols by redox catalysis, resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species and causing damage by oxidative stress. (L619) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Metallic taste. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Weakness. Garlic odour.ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.Redness. Pain.irritation eyes, nose, throatnausea, vomiting, diarrheametallic taste, garlic breathdizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion)liquid: frostbiteIn Animals: pneumonitisliver damageShort-term oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Brief exposures to high levels of elemental selenium or selenium dioxide in air can result in respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, difficulty breathing, and stomach pains. Longer-term exposure to either of these air-borne forms can cause respiratory irritation, bronchial spasms, and coughing. (L619) |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In humans, a concentration of 5 mg/cu m (1.5 ppm) hydrogen selenide was found to be intolerable due to eye and nasal irritation, while 1 mg/cu m (0.3 ppm) caused no irritation with exposure of a few minutes duration./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Five cases /were reported/ of industrial selenosis in laboratory workers caused by inhalation of less than 0.2 ppm of hydrogen selenide. Predominating symptoms were nausea, vomiting, metallic taste in the mouth, alliaceous /SRP: garlic like/ breath odor, and extreme lassitude and fatigue./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Running nose and eyes, coughing, sneezing, slight tightness of the chest, and ultimately, pulmonary edema ... /were/ symptoms of poisoning caused by inhalation of hydrogen selenide./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Hydrogen selenide inhalation may also cause acute intoxication at concn as low as 0.7 mg/cu m. Signs of toxicity include irritation of the respiratory tract, pulmonary edema, severe bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for HYDROGEN SELENIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Carcinogen Classification | 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135) |
| Volatilization from Water/Soil | Methylated forms of selenium and hydrogen selenide are volatile and may escape to the atmosphere(2). |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxic effects of hydrogen selenide were investigated in guinea-pigs exposed for 10, 30, or 60 min to concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.57 mg/L. All animals exposed to 0.02 mg/L, for 60 min, died within 25 days93% of those exposed to 0.043 mg/L, for 30 min, died within 30 days, and all exposed to 0.57 mg/L, for 10 min, died within 5 days. Decreasing the concentrations of hydrogen selenide, and increasing the time of exposure to 2, 4, or 8 hr produced death in 50% of the guinea-pigs, within 8 hr./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Lymphoid hyperplasia was noted in the spleen of guinea pigs following a single 4-hour exposure at 8 mg selenium/cu m as hydrogen selenide./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In guinea pigs exposed to hydrogen selenide for 2, 4, or 8 hours, 5/16 died within 10 days of exposure at 12 mg selenium/cu m, 3/16 died at 6 mg selenium/cu m, and 8/16 died at 6 mg selenium/cu m, respectively./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Single, 8 hr exposures of guinea pigs at 1 mg/cu m (0.3 ppm) of hydrogen selenide resulted in the death of 50% of the animals. The animals exhibited symptoms of respiratory irritation and injury to the liver./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ At a concentration of 7.8 mg selenium/cu m, hydrogen selenide produced diffuse bronchopneumonia and pneumonitis in guinea pigs after a 4-hour exposure. |
| Populations at Special Risk | Those ... who will be working with more reactive selenium cmpd such as ... hydrogen selenide ... should /be protected if they/ have a history of dermatitis, chronic bronchitis or any form of skin allergy or resp tract infection ... history of liver or kidney disease, jaundice or albuminuria ... Careful consideration must be given to /protecting workers during their reproductive years/. |
| RCRA-Anforderungen | D010A solid waste containing selenium (such as hydrogen selenide) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. |
| Luftstandards | Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Hydrogen selenide is included on this list. |
| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Hydrogen selenide is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10 lbs. |
| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Selenium and compounds/ |
| State Drinking Water Standards | (AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L /Selenium/(NY) NEW YORK 10 ug/L /Selenium/ |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Hydrogen selenide1100000.0715Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility. |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (AZ) ARIZONA 45 ug/L /Selenium/(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/L /Selenium/(ME) MAINE 35 ug/L /Selenium/(MN) MINNESOTA 30 ug/L /Selenium/ |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | Maximum contaminant levels for inorganic contaminants: 0.05 mg/L /Selenium/ |
| Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | Maximum contaminant level goals for inorganic contaminants: 0.05 mg/L /Selenium/ |
| Berufliche Expositionsstufe (OEB) | C |
| Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert (OEL) | TWA: 0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m3) |
| Sofort lebensgefährliche Konzentration | 1 ppm |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 3526 2.3 (HYDROGEN SELENIDE, ADSORBED) |
| Gefahrenklasse | 2.3 |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 7783-07-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Preparation of metallic selenides and organoselenium compounds; in doping as mix for preparation of semiconductor materials containing controlled amounts of significant impurities.
Herstellung & Synthese
synthetische
Hydrogen selenide may be synthesized directly from elements by heatingat elevated temperatures. It is prepared by heating hydrogen at 440°C witheither selenium metal in a sealed tube or with selenium vapor over pumicestone: H2 + Se → H2Se Alternatively, the compound may be prepared by treating an alkali metalselenide with hydrochloric acid during mild heating: NaSe + 2HCl → H2Se + NaCl