Gallium

Metals -> Elements, Metallic

Corrosives

6.0947 @ 29.8 °C (liquid); 5.9037 @ 29.65 °C (solid)

5.904 @25 °C

Approx 2400 °C

2204 °C @760 [mm Hg]

29.78 °C

29.78 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.3% (9 of 388) of reports.

Danger

H290 (32.5%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

P234, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 388 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Gallium

Gallium is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Gallium are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 06-07-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23228

Gallium: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may react upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:

· Inhalation of vapors or contact with substance will result in contamination and potential harmful effects.

Metals, such as GALLIUM, are reducing agents and tend to react with oxidizing agents (i.e. hydrogen peroxide). Their reactivity is strongly influenced by their state of subdivision: in bulk they often resist chemical combination; in powdered form they may react more rapidly. Reacts violently with chlorine and other halogens at ambient temperatures [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

Gallium

UN2803

Class 8 Corrosive material (49 eCFR § 173.136)

PG III: the degree of danger presented by the material is minor

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:

General First Aid:

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Gallium metal, solid/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Gallium metal, solid/

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Gallium metal, solid/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:

Immediate precautionary measure

30 [mg/m3]

330 [mg/m3]

2000 [mg/m3]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:

Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... /Gallium metal, solid/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

Used as a semiconductor; [CAMEO] Gallium is extracted during the production of aluminum oxide. GaP and GaAs are two compounds of importance to industry for the production of light emitting diodes (LEDs). GaAs is used to produce integrated circuits. [Ullmann]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

The metal has no significant commercial uses; its compounds are used as semiconductors.

High temperature thermometers, in solid-state devices such as transistors, and in dental alloys.

The metal has no significant commercial uses; its compounds are used as semiconductors.

2023: 1,000,000 - <2,500,000 lb

No domestic production of primary gallium was reported in 2000.

No US production in 1996-2000.

Extraction of gallium as gallium by ethyl ether or isopropyl ether and subsequent electrodeposition from an alkaline gallium oxide solution.

The metal is recovered by controlled electrolysis of the concentrated alkaline liquors that are by-products of the extraction of aluminum and zinc from their ores; purification of bauxite by Bayer process results in the concentration of gallium in the alkaline solutions of an aluminum: gallium ratio of 5000:300; electrolysis using a mercury electrode gives a further concentration and further electrolysis using a stainless-steel cathode of the resulting sodium gallate affords liquid gallium metal.

Ultrapure (99.9999%) gallium for semiconductor electronics is obtained by repeated fractional crystallization of the metal.

Ultrapure (99.9999%)

Up to 99.9999% purity

Primary Metal Manufacturing

Gallium: ACTIVE