Calcium

Metals -> Elements, Metallic

Reactive agents - 2nd degree

Major ion

1.55 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.54 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Density (at 20 °C): 1,54 g/cm³

Lustrous, silver-white surface (when freshly cut); face-centered cubic structure below 300 °C; acquires bluish-gray tarnish on exposure to moist air

Silvery-white metal

Insoluble in benzene; reacts with water

Insoluble in and inert towards benzene, kerosene.

Solubility in water: reaction

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Vitamins and minerals

2714 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

1484°C

1484 °C

1484 °C

1562 °F (USCG, 1999)

839°C

842 °C

837-841 °C

10 mm Hg @ 983 °C

negligible

Calcium appears as a silvery, soft metal that turns grayish white on exposure to air. Used in metallurgy.

Calcium alloys, pyrophoric appears as a white to gray solid. Denser than water. Contact may cause burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Other Solid; Large Crystals; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; Other Solid; CBI

Soft metal that is grayish-white when exposed to air; Pyrophoric when finely divided; [CAMEO]

SILVERY-WHITE-TO-GREY POWDER.

Danger

H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P231+P232, P280, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.3% (11 of 823) of reports.

Danger

H261 (98.7%): In contact with water releases flammable gas [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

Chemical: Calcium

Calcium is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Calcium are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 19-01-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15400

Calcium: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Dangerous When Wet

Spontaneously Combustible

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.

Forms flammable gas on contact with water or damp air. May ignite spontaneously on contact with air. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with water or incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers.

Flammable when finely divided.

Flammable when heated or in intimate contact with moisture or acids.

Contact with eyes or skin produces caustic burns. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.

Elemental calcium causes burns on contact with skin; [CAMEO] A single ingestion of calcium salts is not known to cause hypercalcemia or other systemic poisoning; Gastrointestinal hemorrhage after ingestion of calcium chloride has been reported; Hypercalcemia and renal failure have been reported after chronic ingestion of calcium carbonate. Rapid injection of calcium salts can cause cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest; [HSDB]

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Strong Reducing Agent

Strong Reducing Agent

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

NO water. Use special powder, dry sand. NO other agents. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse contaminated clothes (fire hazard) with plenty of water. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Flush with water (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

General First Aid:

Use approved Class D extinguishers or smother with dry sand, dry clay, or dry ground limestone. DO NOT use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. DO NOT use water. Violent reaction may result.

If material on fir or involved in fire: Do not use water. Do not use carbon dioxide. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Cover the spilled material with dry sand or dry powder. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material dry.

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid breathing fumes from burning material.

Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Abdominal cramps. Vomiting.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and teat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 M of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . If product was ingested, protect yourself from contact with vomitus, since it may cause burns. /Flammable solids/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased level of consciousness, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or readings below 50 mg/dl on dextrose strip or glucometer) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary. Draw blood sample before administration ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Flammable solids/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and new if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/, Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

Calcium

Major ion

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell. It plays an important role in signal transduction pathways, where it acts as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, contraction of all muscle cell types, and fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor, those of the blood-clotting cascade being notable examples. Extracellular calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, as well as proper bone formation.

Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.

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CALCIUM

Chemical Structure [CS] - Calcium

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Calcium

CALCIUM

Calcium [CS]; Calcium [EPC]

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [ChemIDplus] Used in metallurgy; [CAMEO]

AS INDUSTRIAL CATALYST FOR POLYESTER FIBERS

In metallurgy as deoxidizer for copper, beryllium, steel (together with silicon); to harden lead for bearings; alloyed with cerium to make flints for cigarette and gas lighters; in mfr of electronic vacuum tubes; as "getter" to fix residual gases as oxides, nitrides, hydrides of calcium

Alloying agent for aluminum, copper, and lead; reducing agent for beryllium; deoxidizer for alloys. Dehydrating oils Decarburization and desulfurization of iron and its alloys, getter in vacuum tubes. Separation of nitrogen from argon. Reducing agent in preparation of chromium metal powder, thorium, zirconium, and uranium. Fertilizer ingredient.

Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. It is vital in cell signaling, muscular contractions, bone health, and signalling cascades.

Produced by electrolysis of calcium chloride: Rathenau, Suter, Ger. Pat. 155,433 (1903): Z Elektrochem 10, 502 (1904); Goodwin, J Am Chem Soc 27, 1403 (1905); also by thermal reduction of lime with aluminum, or with silicon. Prepn of pure metal for laboratory use: Whaley, Inorg Syn 6, 18 (1960). Purification of commercial material: Marshall, Whaley, ibid 24.

Calcium is produced by high-temperature vacuum reduction with aluminum

Redistillation is used to prepare calcium with a purity of 99+%

Electrolysis of fused calcium chloride, by thermal process under high vacuum from lime reduced with aluminum.

Available as commercial grade with 99.5% purity and redistilled grade with 99.9% purity

Forms: Crowns, Nodules, Ingots, Crystals up to 99.9% pure

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Calcium: ACTIVE