HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemie-Druckbericht · Nur für Forschungszwecke
Xylazin
Xylazine (free base) · 2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-thiazine · wh7286 · Xylazin · bay1470 · XYLAZINE · Xilazina · Mobay Rompun
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 7361-61-7 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C12H16N2S |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 220,34 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 220,10341951 g/mol |
| SMILES | Cc1cccc(C)c1NC1=NCCCS1 |
| InChIKey | BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 5707 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL297362 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:92386 |
| EC No. | 230-902-1 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID3040643 |
| Lokaler Name | Xylazin |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2,8 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 49,7 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 1 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 2 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 2 |
| Schwere Atome | 15 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 230 |
| Arzneimittel | DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Depressants and TranquilizersPharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | 1.34 |
| Animal Drugs | Active Ingredients (Xylazine) -> FDA GreenbookPharmaceuticals -> UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate ListPharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan |
| Collision Cross Section | 147.9 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TWMethod: Major Mix IMS/Tof Calibration Kit (Waters)]148.6 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DTMethod: single field calibrated]147.8 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TWMethod: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]147.16 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW148.72 Ų [M+H]+ |
| Schmelzpunkt | 140 C |
| Siedepunkt | 334.2±52.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Dichte | 1.0905 (rough estimate) |
| Brechungsindex | 1.5700 (estimate) |
| Lagerbedingungen | -20°C |
| Löslichkeit | Soluble in methanol at 50mg/ml. Also soluble in dilute acid solutions. |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | 7.67±0.20(Predicted) |
| Aggregatzustand | Powder |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C12H16N2S/c1-9-5-3-6-10(2)11(9)14-12-13-7-4-8-15-12/h3,5-6H,4,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,13,14) |
| InChIKey | BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | S1CCCN=C1NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C |
| CAS Datenbank | 7361-61-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH301 (98.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P270, P301+P316, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 54 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Xylazine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right. |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - 4H-1,3-Thiazin-2-amine, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-: Environment tier I assessment |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 3 (98.1%) |
| Expositionspfade | IIntravenous (IV) administration was a common route for Xylazine as noted in case reports. Other routes included subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and inhalation, with overall doses ranging from 40 mg to 4300 mg in humans. |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Xylazine use can cause drowsiness, abnormally slow or absent breathing, low blood pressure, and a slow heart rate. A coma can develop and require the insertion of a breathing tube and hospitalization. The overdoes signs and symptoms are similar to those of heroin, fentanyl, and other opioids. If xylazine is added to opioids, severe toxicity and death can occur due to the combined effects of the drugs. Withdrawal can occur in people who abruptly discontinue use, and can result in markedly elevated blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and agitation. Headaches, insomnia, and nausea can also occur during withdrawal.Acute xylazine exposure can lead to severe central nervous system (CNS) depression, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, and, in extreme cases, cardiac arrest. Long-term use of xylazine-mixed illicit substances can result in cumulative toxic effects, e.g., chronic wounds and ulcers on the skin. The primary metabolite of xylazine, 2,6-xylidine, has carcinogenic and genotoxic effects, and long-term users of xylazine appear to be at increased risk for malignancies. There are no human data on the effect of xylazine on embryogenesis and pregnancy. Studies have found increased uterine contractions, decreased uterine blood flow, and fetal loss when used in pregnant cattle and goats. |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | Identification of xylazine toxicity is difficult due to its use as an adulterant and possible polysubstance use. Identifying xylazine toxicity based on history and physical examination is challenging since other substances and their toxidromes may be present. The authors of this publication suggest having a low threshold of suspicion for coadministration of xylazine and any available illicit drug. Xylazine toxicity by itself is characterized by CNS depression. Symptoms may include a "high" feeling, sedation, dry mouth, dysarthria, hyporeflexia, disorientation, dysmetria, miosis, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, and hyperglycemia. Xylazine combined with other CNS depressants such as opioids, benzodiazepines, or alcohol can cause severe CNS depression with signs and symptoms of obtundation, coma, muscle relaxation, hypotension or hypertension, respiratory depression, areflexia, asthenia or apnea, cardiac arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. As of June 2023, no pharmacological antidote for xylazine intoxication has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Management of xylazine intoxication involves supportive care, monitoring for adverse effects, and interventional management as symptoms present. The few studies on humans and animals indicate potentially life-threatening complications of xylazine use, including biventricular failure, pulmonary edema, cardiac necrosis, valvular dysfunction, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| Human Toxicity Values | The doses in case reports ranged from 40 mg to 4300 mg in humans. The average dose in fatal cases was 1,200 mg, compared to 525 mg in non-fatal cases. Concurrent administration of other drugs, primarily opioids, occurred in 28 cases (47.5%). |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| Zollcode | 2934990002 |
| RTECS-Nr. | XJ0776300 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 25-36/37/38 |
| Toxizität | LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 43 i.v.121 s.c.240 orallyLD50 in rats (mg/kg): 130 orally (Sagner) |
| Gefahrensymbole | T,Xi |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 45-37/39-26 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 6.1Acute Tox. 3 Oral |
| Lagerklasse | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Xylazine is an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors (Ki = 194 nM). It is an analog of clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to reduce blood pressure. Xylazine is used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in non-human mammals. This product is also available as an analytical reference standard .
Verwenden
Xylazine is an α2 class of adrenergic receptor agonist. Xylazine is a clonidine analoque that acts on presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors as an a 2-adrenergic agonist.