Grundinformationen
- Standard-SMILES
Cc1ncc(CO)c(CO)c1O.Cl- InChIKey
ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Summenformel
- C8H11NO3.ClH
- Durchschnittliche Molmasse
- 205,64 g/mol
- Monoisotopische Masse
- 205,05057092
Überblick
Bendectin is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)
Namen und Bezeichner
- Bevorzugter Name
- Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
- IUPAC
- 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol;hydrochloride
- Englischer Name
- VITAMIN B6
- Summenformel
- C8H11NO3
- Molmasse
- 169.18
Namen und Synonyme
Weitere Namen anzeigen
Datenbank-Bezeichner
- CAS
12001-77-3、58-56-0、8064-77-5- PubChem CID
- 6019
- DTXSID
DTXSID1040792- ChEMBL
CHEMBL1200756- ChEBI
CHEBI:30961- UNII
- 68Y4CF58BV
- EC Number
- 200-386-2
Eigenschaften
Berechnete Struktureigenschaften
- Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)
- 73,6 Ų
- H-Brücken-Donoren
- 4
- H-Brücken-Akzeptoren
- 4
- Frei drehbare Bindungen
- 2
- Schwere Atome
- 13
- Formalladung
- 0
- Komplexität
- 142
Experimentelle und physikochemische Eigenschaften
Color/Form
Platelets or thick, birefringent rods from alcohol + acetone
PLATES FROM ALCOHOL, ACETONE
COLORLESS OR WHITE CRYSTALS OR WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER
White to practically white crystals or crystalline powder.
Colorless-white platelets
Solubility
5 to 10 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
1 g dissolves in about 4.5 ml water, 90 ml alcohol; sol in propylene glycol; sparingly sol in acetone; insol in ether, chloroform
Soluble in alc, acetone; slightly soluble in other organic solvents.
In water, 2.2X10+5 mg/l, temp not specified.
Human Drugs
Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Vitamins
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
Physikochemische Eigenschaften
- Schmelzpunkt
- 159 · 159-162 °C(lit.)
- Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen
- SKIN CONDITIONINGHAIR CONDITIONINGANTISTATIC
Sicherheit und Regulatorisches
GHS-Klassifizierung
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 7.1% (22 of 309) of reports.
Danger
H318 (88.3%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, and P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 309 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.
Gefahrenhinweise
Regulatory Information
Chemical: 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, hydrochloride
Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)
Status: Active Update: 16-07-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17066
Pyridoxine hydrochloride: Non hazardous
Health Hazards
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include drowsiness; lethargy; fatigue; disorientation; dizziness; unsteady gait; tinnitus; headache; blurred vision; nervousness; tremors; irritability; epigastric pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea and/or constipation; dry mouth; palpitations; hallucinations; hypnosis; coma and seizures. (NTP, 1992)
Hazards Summary
Causes convulsions, excitement, other liver changes, and multiple enzyme effects in acute oral studies of rats; [RTECS] Excessive, chronic ingestion (2-5 g/d for several months) can cause peripheral neuropathy; [Olson, p. 446] May cause irritation; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]
FDA Requirements
Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl pyridoxine hydrochloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 and 507 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Pyridoxine hydrochloride used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
Reactivity Profile
A mixture of esters and amines. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Sicherheit und Schutzausrüstung
First Aid
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
Nonfire Spill Response
SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
Disposal Methods
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is stored, weighed and diluted, wear an approved half face respirator equipped with a combination cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) and a high efficiency particulate filter. (NTP, 1992)
Toxikologische Informationen
Body Burden
Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration; however, GI absorption may be diminished in patients with malabsorption syndromes or following gastric resection. Normal serum concentrations of pyridoxine are 30-80 ng/ml.
Vitamin B6 is stored mainly in the liver with lesser amounts in muscle & brain. The total body store of vitamin B6 is estimated to be about 167 mg. Pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate, the principal forms of the vitamin present in blood, are highly protein bound. Pyridoxal crosses the placenta, & plasma concn in the fetus are 5 times > maternal plasma concn. The concn of vitamin B6 in milk is about 150 240 mg/mL following maternal intake of 2.5 5 mg of vitamin B6 daily. Following maternal intake of < 2.5 mg of vitamin B6 daily, vitamin B6 concn in milk averages 130 mg/mL.
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is excreted in human breast milk. Concn in milk are directly proportional to intake. In well nourished women, pyridoxine levels varied, depending on intake, from 123-314 ng/ml. Peak pyridoxine milk levels occurred 3-8 hours after ingestion of a vitamin supplement. /Pyridoxine/
Interactions
... ANTAGONISM /OF PYRIDOXINE VITAMIN ACTIVITY/ IS POSSIBLE DURING TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION WITH DRUG HYDRALAZINE. /PYRIDOXINE/
... CONCURRENT ADMIN DOES NOT APPEAR TO ALTER CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF ISONIAZID IN ERADICATING TUBERCLE BACILLI IN HUMANS. ... PYRIDOXINE SHOULD NOT BE WITHHELD WHEN INDICATED IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ISONIAZID. /PYRIDOXINE/
CONCURRENT USE OF CARBIDOPA, PERIPHERAL DOPA DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITOR, PREVENTS LEVODOPA-INHIBITING EFFECTS OF PYRIDOXINE & CARBIDOPA-LEVODOPA COMBINATION PRODUCT IS RECOMMENDED FOR PATIENTS WHO ARE RECEIVING PYRIDOXINE SUPPLEMENTATION. /PYRIDOXINE/
SINGLE SC INJECTIONS OF EACH OF 5 SUBSTITUTED HYDRAZINES TO SWISS MICE: CONVULSIVE, TOXIC & LETHAL EFFECTS OF METHYLHYDRAZINE, ETHYLHYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE , N-BUTYLHYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE & BETA-N-[GAMMA-L(+)-GLUTAMYL]-4-HYDROXYMETHYLPHENYLHYDRAZINE PREVENTED BY PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE.
For more Interactions (Complete) data for PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Milk Concentrations
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is excreted in human breast milk. Concn in milk are directly proportional to intake. In well nourished women, pyridoxine levels varied, depending on intake, from 123-314 ng/ml. Peak pyridoxine milk levels occurred 3-8 hours after ingestion of a vitamin supplement. /Pyridoxine/
Toxicity Summary
Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in its biologically active coenzyme form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Natural Pollution Sources
One of vitamins of B6 complex ... present in many foodstuffs; esp good sources are yeast, liver and cereals.
PYRIDOXINE IS PRESENT IN PLANT SOURCES SUCH AS WHOLE GRAIN CEREALS, PEANUTS & CORN. /PYRIDOXINE/
Present in many foods including cereal grains, legumes. ... Vegetables, liver, meat, and eggs.
Human Toxicity Excerpts
NO TOXIC EFFECTS CAUSED BY PYRIDOXINE HAVE BEEN REPORTED CLINICALLY FOLLOWING IV DOSES OF 200 MG OR ORAL DOSES OF 300 MG DAILY.
Pyridoxine can cause sensory neuropathy or neuropathic syndrome when given in doses exceeding 50 mg to 2g daily over prolonged periods. The initial findings are unstable gait and numb feet, followed by numbness and awkwardness of the hands and perioral numbness. /Pyridoxine/
Pyridoxine is usually nontoxic; however, chronic administration of large dosages has been associated with adverse neurologic effects. Nausea, headache, paresthesia, somnolence, and increased serum AST (SGOT) and decreased serum folic acid concentrations have been reported. Burning or stinging at the injection site may occur following im or subcutaneous injection of pyridoxine. Seizures have occurred following iv administration of very large doses. Allergic reactions have been reported occasionally in patients receiving the vitamin.
The use of large doses of pyridoxine during pregnancy has been implicated in pyridoxine-dependency seizures in neonates.
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Drug Induced Liver Injury
Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
vNo-DILI-concern
0
No match
DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
EXTREMELY LARGE DOSES IN RANGE OF 2 TO 6 G/KG PRODUCE CONVULSIONS & DEATH IN RATS & MICE. /PYRIDOXINE/
FEMALE RATS INJECTED WITH 50 MG PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE IP: PREVENTED NORMAL SECRETION OF PROLACTIN. MAY BE DUE TO DIRECT EFFECT ON PITUITARY; IT DECR PROLACTIN RISE AFTER ALPHA-METHYL-PARA-TYROSINE &/OR THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE.
PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (20-80 MG/KG/DAY, ORALLY) GIVEN TO PREGNANT RATS ON DAY 6-15 OF GESTATION DID NOT CAUSE ANY MATERNAL TOXICITY OR UNUSUAL NUMBERS OF DEAD FETUSES, RESORPTIONS, OR FETAL ANOMALIES.
BEAGLE DOGS GIVEN PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE ORALLY @ DOSE OF 150 MG/KG/DAY FOR APPROX 100 DAYS DEVELOPED ATAXIA & HAD SPASTIC, DYSMETRIC LEG MOVEMENTS, DEGENERATION & LOSS OF AXONS IN DORSAL FUNICULUS OF SPINAL CORD, LOSS OF AXONS & MYELINS & SECONDARY CHANGES OF MYELIN SHEATHS.
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Regulatorische Informationen
FDA Requirements
Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl pyridoxine hydrochloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 and 507 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Pyridoxine hydrochloride used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
Sicherheitsdaten
- wgk
- 3
- RTECS-Nr.
- UV1300000
- risk_code
- 36/37/38
- hazard_code
- Xi
- safety_code
- 26-36
Chemie und Industrie
Pharmakologische Informationen
Bionecessity
STATE OF DEFICIENCY: POOR GROWTH, ALOPECIA, POSTERIOR PARALYSIS ... DEGENERATION OF TAIL & HYPERIRRITABILITY ... IN DEFICIENT MICE. IN YOUNG RATS, GROWTH ... RETARDED ... CONVULSIONS COMMON. ... EYE & CALCULI PROBLEMS IN CATS ... OXALURIA & ... KIDNEY DAMAGE ... DECR GROWTH RATE, EMACIATION, ANEMIA, CONVULSIONS ... /VITAMIN B6/
STATE OF DEFICIENCY: ... IRON DEPOSITION IN LIVER. IN DEFICIENT DOG /DEPRESSES/ ANTIBODY PRODUCTION TO DISTEMPER & HEPATITIS ... RATS ... /SHOW/ SIMILAR IMPAIRMENT OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS TO ANOTHER ANTIGEN. ... DENTAL CARIES ... IN DEFICIENT HAMSTERS & MONKEYS, & INCR INCIDENCE OF CALCIUM OXALATE URINARY TRACT CALCULI. /VIT B6/
STATE OF DEFICIENCY: VET: ... GUINEA PIGS ... ANOREXIA, DECR GROWTH & VIGOR, ROUGH & THINNING HAIRCOATS, MUSCULAR INCOORDINATION, ENLARGED KIDNEYS & ADRENALS, ATROPHIC GONADS, & HYPEREMIC HEMORRHAGING CECA PRIOR TO DEATH... MONKEYS: WT LOSS, ANEMIA, ORAL LESIONS, OXALURIA, DIFFUSE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS & LIVER DISEASE. /VITAMIN B6/
STATE OF DEFICIENCY: ... IN HUMANS ... ACRODYNIA-LIKE SYNDROME ... EDEMA & LOSS OF HAIR, NERVE DEGENERATION ... BEHAVIORAL CHANGES & IN INFANTS, CONVULSIVE SEIZURES. /PYRIDOXINE/
For more Bionecessity (Complete) data for PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Mechanism of Action
BRAIN GABA PRODN BEGAN TO RISE 7.5 MIN AFTER IP ADMIN OF 10 MG PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE & CONTINUED FOR 40 MIN, THEN DECLINED.
NUTRITIONAL NEED FOR VITAMIN B6 IS BASED ON ITS COENZYME FUNCTION IN AN UNUSUALLY LARGE NUMBER OF METABOLIC REACTIONS. ... REQUIRED IN METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS, FATS & CARBOHYDRATES & FOR SYNTHESIS OF PHYSIOLOGIC REGULATORS SUCH AS NOREPINEPHRINE, SEROTONIN & HISTAMINE.
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE IS INVOLVED IN SEVERAL METABOLIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF AMINO ACIDS INCLUDING DECARBOXYLATION, TRANSAMINATION, & RACEMIZATION, AS WELL AS ENZYMATIC STEPS IN METABOLISM OF SULFUR-CONTAINING & HYDROXY AMINO ACIDS. /PYRIDOXINE/
PYRIDOXINE ... IS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE ENZYME GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE. /PYRIDOXINE/
Biological Half-Life
TRITIUM-LABELED PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE WAS ADMIN TO RATS. ISOTOPE EXCRETION IN URINE OCCURRED WITH HALF-LIFE OF 40-228 DAYS AFTER THE SECOND DAY OF THE EXPT. THE ELIMINATION RATE OF PYRIDOXINE WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE INTAKE.
Biologic half-life of pyridoxine appears to be 15-20 days.
Metabolism/Metabolites
ALL THREE FORMS OF VITAMIN B6 /PYRIDOXINE, PYRIDOXAL, & PYRIDOXAMINE/ ARE CONVERTED TO PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE IN BODY; PYRIDOXAL IS CONVERTED TO PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE BY ENZYME, PYRIDOXAL KINASE ... . /PYRIDOXINE/
/4-PYRIDOXIC ACID/ ... FORMED BY ACTION OF HEPATIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE ON FREE PYRIDOXAL. ADMIN OF PYRIDOXINE ... RESULTS IN INCR EXCRETION OF PYRIDOXAL ... FIRST TRANSFORMED, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, TO PYRIDOXAL, WHICH IS THEN OXIDIZED TO 4-PYRIDOXIC ACID ... . /PYRIDOXINE/
In erythrocytes, pyridoxine is converted to pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine is converted to pyridoxamine phosphate. In the liver, pyridoxine is phosphorylated to pyridoxine phosphate and transaminated to pyridoxal and pyridoxamine which are rapidly phosphorylated. Riboflavin is required for the conversion of pyridoxine phosphate to pyridoxal phosphate. The principal forms of the vitamin in the blood are pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate.
In humans, an exogenous source of vitamin B6, is required for amino acid metab; the vitamin is also involved in carbohydrate & lipid metab. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, & pyridoxamine are converted to the active forms of the vitamin, pyridoxal phosphate & pyridoxamine phosphate, which act as coenzymes in a wide variety of reactions in intermed metab. The active forms of the vitamin are involved in transamination of amino acids & in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin. Pyridoxine appears to be essential in the synth of y aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the CNS & in the synth of heme. Pyridoxine deficiency results in the accum & urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid (an intermed metabolite of tryptophan) & in decr glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity in erythrocytes; measurement of either of these may be used to diagnose pyridoxine deficiency. For detn of xanthurenic acid excretion, an oral loading dose of 2 10 g of tryptophan is usually given; urine is collected for 8 hours & then analyzed for xanthurenic acid. Urinary excretion of vitamin B6 or 4 pyridoxic acid can also be analyzed to determine pyridoxine deficiency.
In the liver pyridoxal is oxidized to 4-pyridoxic acid.
Hepatic. Half Life: 15-20 days
FDA Pharmacological Classification
PYRIDOXINE HCI
Vitamin B 6 [Chemical/Ingredient]; Analogs/Derivatives [Chemical/Ingredient]; Vitamin B6 Analog [EPC]
PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Vitamin B6 Analog [EPC]; Analogs/Derivatives [Chemical/Ingredient]; Vitamin B 6 [Chemical/Ingredient]
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
THE FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS A, D, & K ARE ABSORBED FROM SKIN, AS ARE LIPID INSOLUBLE VITAMINS, THIAMINE, RIBOFLAVIN, CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE, PYRIDOXINE. /PYRIDOXINE/
... READILY ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT. ... EXCRETORY PRODUCT ... OF VITAMIN /WHEN IT IS FED TO MAN IS 4-PYRIDOXIC ACID. /PYRIDOXINE/
Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration; however, GI absorption may be diminished in patients with malabsorption syndromes or following gastric resection. Normal serum concentrations of pyridoxine are 30-80 ng/ml.
Vitamin B6 is stored mainly in the liver with lesser amounts in muscle & brain. The total body store of vitamin B6 is estimated to be about 167 mg. Pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate, the principal forms of the vitamin present in blood, are highly protein bound. Pyridoxal crosses the placenta, & plasma concn in the fetus are 5 times > maternal plasma concn. The concn of vitamin B6 in milk is about 150 240 mg/mL following maternal intake of 2.5 5 mg of vitamin B6 daily. Following maternal intake of < 2.5 mg of vitamin B6 daily, vitamin B6 concn in milk averages 130 mg/mL.
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Verwendung und Herstellung
Uses
Vitamin B6 complex found in many foods, especially yeast, liver, and cereals; Used as a vitamin (enzyme cofactor); [Merck Index] Used as a basic industrial chemical, for other industrial applications, in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, as a food additive, and laboratory chemical; [IUCLID] Used as a nutritional supplement; [FDA]
MEDICATION
MEDICATION (VET)
FOOD ADDITIVE PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Medicine, nutrition (available as pyridoxine hydrochloride) /Pyridoxine/
Incorporated into many multivitamin preparations for prophylactic use /Pyridoxine/
Methods of Manufacturing
SYNTHESIS BY CONDENSATION OF CYANOACETAMIDE & ETHOXYACETYLACETONE: ... SYNTHESIS FROM 2-BUTANONE-1,4-DIOL & ALPHA-METHYLIMINOPROPIONITRILE: ... US PATENT 2,680,743 (1954 TO GEN ANILINE) ... .
SYNTHESIS FROM ETHYL PYRUVATE, ETHYL GLYCINATE, & 1,4-DIETHOXY-2-BUTANONE: ... US PATENT 2,904,551 (1959 TO MERCK & CO) ... FROM OXAZOLE & DIETHYL MALONATE.
Synthesis: Harris, Folkers, J Am Chem Soc 51,1242,1245,3307 (1939); P.G. Stevens, U.S. pats 2,680,743 and 2,734,063 (1954, 1956, both to Gen Aniline); P.I. Pollak, U.S. pats 2,904,551, 3,024,244, 3,024,245 (1959, 1962,1962 all to Merck and Co); E.E. Harris et al, J Org Chem 27, 2705 (1962); W. Boll, H. Konig, Ann 1979, 1657; T. Shono et al, Chem Letters 1982, 1121.
Formulations/Preparations
BONADOXIN AN ANTI-EMETIC; ANTISPASMODIC IS MIXTURE OF MECLIZINE & PYRIDOXINE HCL. /FROM TABLE/
DOSAGE FORMS: INJECTION USP: 50 & 100 MG/ML, 500 MG & 1 G/10 ML, 3 G/30 ML; TABLETS USP: 10, 25, 50, & 100 MG.
Oral capsules, 500 mg, Vitamin B-6 capsules, Solgar; Capsules, extended release, 100 mg, Vitamin B-6 T.R. Capsules, Scherer; 150 mg, Rodex(R) T.D., Legere; Tablets, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and tablets extended release, Vitamin B-6 Timed Tablets, Interstate.
Parenteral injection, 100 mg/ml, Beesix (R) (with benzyl alcohol), Forest; Hexa-Betalin (R) (with chlorobutanol), Lilly; Rodex (R), Legere.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also commercially available in combination with other vitamins, minerals, amino acids, antihistamines, cerebral stimulants, enzymes, infant formulas, hormones, laxatives, protein supplements, sedatives, unsaturated fatty acids, and antituberculars. For iv infusion, pyridoxine hydrochloride is also commercially available in combination with other vitamins in caloric and electrolyte solutions.
General Manufacturing Information
3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, hydrochloride (1:1): ACTIVE
RETENTION OF NATURAL PLUS ADDED VITAMIN B6 WAS 90-95% IN CORN MEAL & 100% IN MACARONI STORED @ 100 °F, 50% ROOM HEAT FOR 12 MO. ZERO LOSS WAS ENCOUNTERED ON PREPARING CORN BREAD. WHEN MACARONI WAS COOKED, ABOUT 50% ... WAS IN MACARONI & 50% IN DRAINED COOKING WATER. /VITAMIN B6/
INCOMPATIBILITIES: COMPATIBLE WITH PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE, STANDARD IV FLUIDS.
MILK PRODUCTS STORED IN ENAMEL OR RESIN-LINED CANS MAY ONLY HAVE 25% OF EXPECTED VITAMIN B6 POTENCY. /VITAMIN B6/
... SINCE PYRIDOXINE IS MOST STABLE, /OF NATURALLY OCCURRING PYRIDINES IN VITAMIN B6/ IT PROBABLY CONTRIBUTES THE MOST VITAMIN ACTIVITY TO DIET. /PYRIDOXINE/
For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
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