D-Gluconsure
gluconic · (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid · Hexonic acid · Glyconic acid · D-Gluconic acid solution · 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid · GLUCONIC ACI · d-gluconicaci
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 526-95-4 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C6H12O7 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 196,16 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO |
| InChIKey | RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 604 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3039603 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:192972 |
| Lokaler Name | D-Gluconsure |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | -3,4 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 138 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 6 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 7 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 5 |
| Schwere Atome | 13 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 170 |
| Schmelzpunkt | 15 °C |
| Siedepunkt | 102 °C |
| Dichte | 1.23 |
| Brechungsindex | 1.4161 |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store below +30°C. |
| Löslichkeit | DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), WaterSoluble in water. |
| Aggregatzustand | Crystalline Powder or Crystals |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | pK (25°) 3.60 |
| Farbe | White to light yellow |
| Wichte | 1.234 |
| pH | 2.2 (20°C, 500g/L in H2O) |
| Geruch | commercial 50 aq. soln. lt. amber, faint odor of vinegar |
| Merck | 14,4456 |
| BRN | 1726055 |
| Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen | CHELATINGPERFUMING |
| InChI | 1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1 |
| InChIKey | RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | -2.116 (est) |
| CAS Datenbank | 526-95-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Gluconic acid(526-95-4) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | D-Gluconic acid (526-95-4) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| Minimum Risk Level | Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (L134) |
|---|---|
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| Expositionspfade | Oral (L228)inhalation (L228) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | - |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | 3265 |
| Zollcode | 29181600 |
| RTECS-Nr. | LZ5057100 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 36/37/38-34 |
| Gefahrensymbole | Xi,C |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 37/39-26-45-36/37/39 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 8 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 526-95-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta hydroxy hexanoic acid. In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion. The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
Occurrence
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea, and wine. As a food additive ( E574 ), it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution. The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+,Fe2+, Al3+, and other metals. In 1929 Horace Terhune Herrick developed a process for producing the salt by fermentation. Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues. Quinine gluconate is a salt between gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria. Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs. Iron gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia.
Verwenden
Gluconic Acid is an acidulant that is a mild organic acid which is the hydrolyzed form of glucono-delta-lactone. it is prepared by the fermentation of dextrose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced. it is soluble in water with a solubility of 100 g/100 ml at 20°c. it has a mild taste and at 1% has a ph of 2.8. it functions as an antioxidant and enhances the function of other antioxidants. in beverages, syrups, and wine, it can eliminate calcium turbidities. it is used as a leavening component in cake mixes, and as an acid component in dry-mix desserts and dry beverage mixes.