4-Aminoazobenzol

Dyes -> Azo Dyes

Carcinogens

log Kow = 3.41

2.62

Brownish-yellow needles with bluish cast

Orange monoclinic needles from alcohol

Yellow to tan crystals

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Freely sol in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether

In water, 32 mg/L at 25 °C

greater than 680 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

Above 360 °C

360 °C @760 [mm Hg]

262 °F (NTP, 1992)

128 °C

126 °C

0.0000014 [mmHg]

1.40X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C

4-aminoazobenzene appears as odorless brownish-yellow needles with bluish coating, or an orange powder. (NTP, 1992)

Brownish-yellow solid with a bluish tint; [Merck Index] Yellow to tan or orange solid; [HSDB] Brown-yellow crystals; [MSDSonline]

Danger

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301 (59.3%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Benzenamine, 4-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Status: Active Update: 09-12-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/4822

Substance: 4-aminoazobenzene

4-Aminoazobenzene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

A skin sensitizer, based on human patch test studies; [HSDB] May cause methemoglobinemia and skin sensitization. May be fatal by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption; [CAMEO] An eye irritant; Targets the liver; [MSDSonline] In a series of patients, about 30% of hairdressers with hand dermatitis had positive patch tests to p-Aminoazobenzene. [Kanerva, p. 1748]

4-AMINOAZOBENZENE can detonate, particularly if sensitized by the presence of metal salts or strong acids. May form toxic gases with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. May form flammable gases with alkali metals. May react explosively with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides. Emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition (over 350 °C) [Sax, 2nd ed., 1965, p. 417].

Acute Tox. 3 (59.3%)

Acute toxicity - category 4

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4

Carcinogens

Carc. 1B

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including nitrogen oxides. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are required to fight fires, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.156.

Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from strong oxidizers.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ANILINE YELLOW (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ANILINE YELLOW (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.66 [mg/m3]

7.2 [mg/m3]

43 [mg/m3]

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Liver cytosols from 12-day-old male C57BL/6 X C3H/HeJ F1 (B6C3F1) mice contain 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-dependent sulfotransferase activity for N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene ... . Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol were only moderately active inhibitors of the sulfotransferase activity; at a 100-uM concentration each compound inhibited the activity by only 50-80%. A single dose of 0.04 umol/g body weight of PCP administered to 12-day-old male B6C3F1 mice 45 min prior to a single dose of 0.1 umol/g body weight of [3H]4-aminoazobenzene ([3H]AB)... inhibited DNA adduct formation by approximately 50%. Under identical conditions, PCP also reduced the average number of hepatomas induced per mouse at 9 months by AB ... by 52% ... . PCP strongly inhibited the hepatocarcinogenicity of ... AB when this agent was administered in the diet with /with AB/ to female CD-1 mice over a 10- month period. Single doses of 0.15 umol/g body weight of [3H]AB ... bound to hepatic DNA of 12-day-old brachymorphic B6C3F2 mice, which are deficient in the synthesis of PAPS, at levels 15% ... of those found in their phenotypically normal litter mates. Under identical conditions, the incidence of hepatomas in brachymorphic mice at 9 months were 11 and 29%, with averages of 0.2 and 0.8 hepatomas/mouse ... . Incidences of 77% ..., with averages of 6.6 ... hepatomas/mouse, ... were found in their phenotypically normal litter mates. These data strongly indicate that N-sulfooxy-AB is a major ultimate electrophilic and hepatocarcinogenic metabolite of AB in mice. ...

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka, high-eyes, length 2 cm, weight 0.2 g); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 1700 ug/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka, high-eyes, length 2 cm, weight 0.2 g); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 700 ug/L for 48 hr

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,700(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.41(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-aminoazobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(5,6). Volatilization of 4-aminoazobenzene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 4-aminoazobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-6 mm Hg(7). A zero percent theoretical BOD using a 5-day screening test with activated sludge inoculum(8) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,700(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.41(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-aminoazobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A zero percent theoretical BOD using a 5-day screening test with activated sludge inoculum(7) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-aminoazobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase aniline yellow is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 4-aminoazobenzene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 4-Aminoazobenzene has an adsorption band at 384 nm in neutral and basic solutions and at 496 and 316 nm in acid solutions(4). Therefore, direct photolysis by sunlight may be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, 522.7 ppb of 4-aminoazobenzene was identified in a discharge of the organics and plastics industry(1).

Urine cytology surveillance has proved useful in evaluating tumors in dyestuff plant workers. The system consists of two-stage tests: periodic urine cytology, followed by, in suspicious cases, urological examinations. /Benzidine/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The Koc of 4-aminoazobenzene is estimated as 1,700(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.41(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-aminoazobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil. Anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Data of 1320 patients recorded by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between 1993 and 2003, who were patch tested to confirm or rule out (secondary) allergic contact dermatitis of the scalp, were analyzed. ... Sensitization to p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine, p-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, p-aminoazobenzene, cocamidopropyl betaine and pyrogallol was significantly more common than in the remaining IVDK patients. In 690 patients, altogether 4070 patients' own products were patch tested. Medical products, hair tints and bleaches (HTB) and hair-cleansing products together caused nearly 2/3 of positive patch test reactions. Among these categories, HTB showed the highest percentage of positive patch test reactions; 24 of 29 HTB-positive patients had no positive reaction to any of the commercially available allergens. ... In /the/ subgroup of patients with scalp dermatitis, constituents of hair-coloring products were the most important allergens. As some ingredients of hair dyes are not contained in patch test series, testing of patients' own products is an important part of diagnostic workup, as otherwise sensitizations may be missed.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Allergic contact sensitization to 'para amino' compounds is frequent and the spectrum of cross-reactivity between members of this chemical group is variable. ... A retrospective analysis of clinical patch test data obtained with a special test series in the centers of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between 1995 and 1999. ... In the 638 patients tested with the above test panel positive reactions were observed most often to p-aminoazobenzene (16.2%), p-phenylenediamine (14.1%), p-toluylenediamine (10.0%), followed by 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (8.5%), Disperse Orange 3 (8.4%) and p-aminophenol (3.1%). Among the 544 patients tested with p-phenylenediamine and all seven additional 'para amino' compounds, concordance between reactions varied greatly. The stronger the positive test reaction to p-phenylenediamine, p-toluylenediamine or p-aminoazobenzene, the more frequently additional positive reactions to the other compounds were observed. ...

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Late patch test reactions on day (D) 10-14, which on subsequent retesting appear in the normal time schedule on D2-D4, indicate active sensitization due to the patch test. ... The clinical records of all the patients who had reported late reactions /were analyzed/ for the date of the late reaction, the results of the first patch tests and retesting. Between January 2002 and February 2006, ... a total of 16 patients /had/ late reactions (>or=D10). 12 of them were retested. Retesting confirmed active sensitization to 1 or more allergens in 11 patients (1.3% of 884 patients patch tested). In these 11 cases, none of the late reactions had clear relevance to the symptoms before its appearance. The commonest allergens were paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in 6 patients (0.72% of 826 PPD tests), elecampane (Inula helenium) and black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia sp. hybr.) extracts in 3 patients, and 4-aminoazobenzene and Disperse Orange 3 in 2 patients. The late reaction did not generally affect the clinical course. Only 1 patient developed new dermatitis possibly due to active sensitization ...

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Most organic azo dyes are potential skin sensitizers, the most important of which are paraphenylenediamine and its analogs. Water soluble azo dyes are more likely to cause clinical sensitization than insoluble dyes. ... In addition to allergic eczematous contact dermatitis, color developing solutions have caused lichen planus like eruptions. /Organic azo dyes/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ A 34 yr old woman was seen for chronic, recurrent hand eczema, who revealed an unusual source of exposure to para-phenylenediamine and a related cmpd, p-phenylazoaniline. The patient had been treated with both topical and systemic steroids on an intermittent basis. She was employed as an office worker in a bank and associated onset of the dermatitis with occasions when she was rubber stamping with a particular ink. She had a subacute dermatitis, with scaling and erythema of the hands particularly involving the fingertips. Patch testing revealed positive reactions only to para-phenylenediamine, thimerosal, and the red ink. Information from the manufacturer indicated that the ink contained p-phenylazoaniline, and para-phenylenediamine is said to be an intermediate in the formation of this compound. It was also possible that the patient was allergic to the dye, Acid Red 73. Neither the p-phenylazoaniline nor the Acid Red 73 could be patch tested. Following the results of these tests, she avoided contact with the ink and was able to remain free of dermatitis.

AEROBIC: 4-Aminoazobenzene was readily degradable in a screening testing using an activated sludge inoculum with 89% degradation occurring in 13 days including a 7 day lag(1). Two other screening tests reported no BOD consumption with sewage and activated sludge inocula after 5 and 6 day incubations, respectively(2,3). In view of the long acclimation period required in the first sceening test, a possible explanation for the lack of biodegradation in the other tests is an inadequate incubation time(SRC). However, in a more recent 5-day screening test using acclimated cultures, 0% of the theoretical BOD was used(4).

PURE CULTURE: The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium was found to degrade 4-aminoazobenzene 25.8% and 4.7% in 12 days using low and high nitrogen cultures, respectively(1). In experiments using cultures isolated from drainage ditches of dyestuff factories, it was shown that the lag period for static cultures increased with concentration and with 100 ppm of 4-aminoazobenzene, 46% degradation was obtained after 24 hr and 59% degradation was obtained after 48 hr in shaking and static cultures, respectively, at 37 °C(2). The products of reduction cleavage were aniline and p-phenylenediamine(2).

para-Aminoazobenzene

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 8: (1975) Some Aromatic Azo Compounds

1987

1987

The profile of ras gene mutations in spontaneous CD-1 mouse liver tumors were compared with that found in liver tumors that were induced by a single ip injection of either 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 4-aminoazobenzene, N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, or N-nitrosodiethylamine. By direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplified tumor DNA, the carcinogen induced tumors were found to have much higher frequencies of ras gene activation than spontaneous tumors. Furthermore, each carcinogen caused specific types of ras mutations not detected in spontaneous tumors, including several novel mutations not previously associated with either the carcinogen or mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. For example, the model compound 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene is known to cause predominantly A to T transversions in Ha-ras codon 61 in mouse skin and mammary tumors, consistent with the ability of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to form bulky adducts with adenosine. The results demonstrate that the predominant mutation caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in mouse liver tumors is a G to C transversion in Ki-ras codon 13 (7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene is also known to form guanosine adducts), illustrating the influence of both chemical and tissue specific factors in determining the type of ras gene mutations in a tumor. 4-Aminoazobenzene and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene also caused the Ki-ras codon 13 mutation. In addition, we found that N-nitrosodiethylamine, 4-aminoazobenzene, and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene all caused G to T transversions in the N-ras gene (codons 12 or 13). This is the first demonstration of N-ras mutations in mouse liver tumors, establishing a role for the N-ras gene in mouse liver carcinogenesis. Finally, comparison of the ras mutations detected in the direct tumor analysis with those detected after NIH3T3 cell transfection indicates that spontaneous ras mutations (in Ha-ras codon 61) are often present in only a small fraction of the tumor cells, raising the possibility that they may sometimes occur as a late event in CD-1 mouse hepatocarcinogenesis.

Yields 4-acetamidoazobenzene in rats; 4'-amino-4-hydroxyazobenzene in rats; para-aminophenol and para-phenylenediamine in rats. /from table/

Metabolites in urine of rats administered /4-aminoazobenzene/ ... by stomach tube include 4'-hydroxy-AAB sulfate, 3-hydroxy-AAB sulfate, 3,4'-dihydroxy-AAB sulfate, N-acetyl-4'-hydroxy-AAB sulfate, para-acetamidoacetanilide and conjugated forms of ortho- and para-aminophenol.

Metabolism of AAB involves N-hydroxylation, hydroxylation of aromatic rings, N-acetylation and O-conjugation with sulfuric or glucuronic acids. Urine of rats, mice or hamsters injected with AAB contains N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-AAB in conjugated form.

Used as a dye for lacquers, varnishes, wax products, oil stains, and styrene resins; Also used to make Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines; [HSDB] Used as an insecticide; [Hawley] Found in some semi-permanent hair dyes; [Kanerva, p. 1748]

Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]

Dyes (chrysoidine, induline, solid yellow, and acid yellow) ...

... USED AS DYE FOR LACQUERS, VARNISHES, WAX PRODUCTS, OIL STAINS & STYRENE RESINS & AS INTERMEDIATE IN MFR OF ACID YELLOW, DIAZO DYES & INDULINES.

Substance listed with specific concentration in tattoo ink and/or permanent make up according to EU Commission Regulation 2020/2081. The concentration limit (by weight) is 0.0005%.

(1972) 4.5X10+6 GRAMS

(1976) 1.87X10+7 GRAMS (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1973) 2.1X10+8 GRAMS

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3873]

POSSIBLY BY DIAZOTIZATING ANILINE AND COUPLING THE RESULTING DIAZOAMINOBENZENE WITH A MIXTURE OF ANILINE AND ANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE.

PREPARED FROM ANILINE, SODIUM NITRITE, AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE.

... Heating diazoaminobenzene in aniline with addition of aniline hydrochloride.

Cosmetics product ingredient: 4-Amino-azobenzene

Cosmetics product ingredient: p-Aminoazobenzene (4-Amino-azobenzene)