N,N-Dimethylnitrosamin

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Nitrosodimethylamine is a suspected human carcinogen, hepatotoxin, and hemorrhagic agent. Caution is advised. Effects may be delayed.

(General first aid procedures)

SPILLS OF N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE CAN BE ABSORBED BY CELITE OR COMMERCIAL SPILL ABSORBANT. AFTER ABSORBANT CONTAINING MAJOR SHARE OF NITROSAMINE HAS BEEN PICKED UP (AVOID DUSTS; DO NOT SWEEP), SURFACE SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY CLEANED WITH STRONG DETERGENT SOLN. IF MAJOR SPILL OCCURS OUTSIDE OF VENTILATED AREA, ROOM SHOULD BE EVACUATED & CLEANUP OPERATION SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT BY PERSONS EQUIPPED WITH SELF-CONTAINED RESPIRATORS. THOSE INVOLVED IN THIS OPERATION SHOULD WEAR RUBBER GLOVES, LAB COATS, & PLASTIC APRONS OR EQUIVALENT PROTECTIVE APPAREL. /N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER DIALKYLNITROSAMINES/

Nitrosamine residues generated in laboratory research or accidental spills in research laboratories and diluted to concn of 10 mg/l or less are rapidly reduced to innocuous amines, ammonia, or alcohols by aluminum-nickel alloy powder and aqueous alkali. The method is applicable to a variety of media (water, mineral oil, olive oil, dimethylsulfoxide, soln of agar gel) but is not recommended for use with nitrosamines in acetone or dichloromethane because reactions are slow and incomplete. After the reduced reaction mixture is filtered, the liquid is disposed of by pouring it over sufficient absorbent material to convert it to a solid waste for incineration. /Nitrosamines/

After covering the spills with soda ash, mix and spray with water. Scoop into a bucket of water and /let/ it stand for two hr. Neutralize with 6M hydrochloric acid and flush with sufficient water.

Decontamination of lab wastes using triethyloxonium salts /was described/. This method specifies a procedure for the decontamination of lab wastes either dissolved in or extractable by dichloromethane. This method has been ... studied using triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate for the treatment of solutions of N-nitrosodimethylamine ... in dichloromethane ... .

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Avoid inhalation and skin contact. Spills can be absorbed by celite or commercial spill absorbent. After absorbent containing major share of nitrosamine has been picked-up (avoid dusts; do not sweep), surface should be thoroughly cleaned with strong detergent solution. If major spill occurs outside of ventilated area, room should be evacuated and cleanup operation should be carried out by persons equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus. (EPA, 1998)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P082, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for dimethylnitrosamine: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

More N-nitrosodimethylamine was detected in human blood immediately after ingestion of a meal containing spinach, bacon, tomato, bread and beer than was present before(1). In 175 samples of human milk collected from 16 nursing women, 76.5% of the samples contained less than 0.2 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine (minimum level of reliable measurement)(2). In 54 human milk samples from 54 healthy nursing women, trace amounts of N-nitrosodimethylamine (below detection limit of 0.5 ug/L) were detected in the milk of 10 mothers and two other samples contained levels of 1.1 and 1.2 ug/L(3).

Hepatic

[in animals; lung, kidney, liver & nasal cavity tumors]

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes and red wines, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of resveratrol on hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats. Oral administration of resveratrol (20 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks) remarkably prevented the DMN-induced loss in body and liver weight, and inhibited the elevation of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. Resveratrol also increased serum albumin and hepatic glutathione levels and reduced the hepatic level of malondialdehyde due to its antioxidant effect. Furthermore, DMN-induced elevation of hydroxyproline content was reduced in the resveratrol treated rats, the result of which was consistent with the reduction in type I collagen mRNA expression and the histological analysis of liver tissue stained with Sirius red. The reduction in hepatic stellate cell activation, as assessed by alpha-smooth muscle actin staining, and the reduction in transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression were associated with resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, resveratrol exhibited in vivo hepatoprotective and antifibrogenic effects against DMN-induced liver injury, suggesting that resveratrol may be useful in the prevention of the development of hepatic fibrosis.

To study the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on tumor development due to dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) administration, female Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed for 3 weeks a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing either ethanol (36% of total calories) or isocalorically substituted carbohydrates as control diet. Thereafter, the animals were maintained on laboratory chow and tap water ad libitum for another 2 weeks and received 1.5 mg DMN i.p. per day for the first 5 days. This 5-week cycle was repeated three more times. Chronic treatment with an alcohol-containing diet was shown to significantly improve the mean survival time of DMN-treated rats compared with identically treated animals fed the control diet, but the total number of tumors observed under these experimental conditions and the target organ remained virtually unchanged.

Administration of aminoacetonitrile to rats reduced metabolism of NDMA, induction of hepatic dna damage and acute toxicity. ... Pretreatment of rats with pregneolone-16alpha-carbonitrile ... decreased ... toxicity of NDMA. ... Acute toxicity of NDMA in rats and mice and n-7-methylation of guanine in liver DNA were reduced by simultaneous administration of disulfiram.

Dose-related suppression of the 3H-thymidine incorporation into liver DNA of rats after a single injection of dimethylnitrosamine by copper pretreatment was observed. The 3H-thymidine incorporation was not decreased by cadmium pretreatment. On the other hand, the 3H-thymidine incorporation into liver DNA of partially hepatectomized rats was decreased by both copper and cadmium pretreatments. Thymidine kinase activity in the liver of rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine was also decreased by copper pretreatment, but the enzyme activity was not decreased by cadmium pretreatment. Copper accumulation in the liver of copper-administered rats was predominantly in the nuclear fraction, followed by the soluble fraction. Cadmium accumulation in the liver of cadmium-administered rats was predominantly in the soluble fraction, followed by the nuclear fraction. Copper accumulation in the nuclear fraction may suppress the induction of thymidine kinase in the liver of rats by dimethylnitrosamine.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cancer, Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Hematological (Blood Forming), Hepatic (Liver)

Liver, kidneys,lungs

NDMA is very harmful to the liver of animals and humans. Moreover, although there are no reports of NDMA causing cancer in humans, it is reasonable to expect that exposure to NDMA by eating, drinking, or breathing could also cause cancer in humans. (L1207)

LD50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) ip 1770 mg/kg for 10 days

LD50; Species: Austropotamobius pallipes (Crayfish) male, adult; iv 2250 mg/kg

EC50; Species: Anabaena flosaquae (Blue-Green Algae) 10000 cells; Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: 5100 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae) 10000 cells; Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: 4000 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), observed Koc values of 68-118(2) indicate that N-nitrosodimethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Low adsorption to soils and ready leaching have been observed in other studies(3,4). Volatilization of N-nitrosodimethylamine from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(5). Under laboratory conditions, greater than 70% of N-nitrosodimethylamine applied to the surface of a moist, warm soil (12% moisture content, 22 °C) volatilized in 10 hours(6). The potential for volatilization of N-nitrosodimethylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a measured vapor pressure of 2.7 mm Hg at 20 °C(5). A half-life of about three weeks was reported for N-nitrosodimethylamine in aerobic soil under laboratory conditions; the primary removal processes were volatilization and biodegradation(6). 17% of the added N-nitrosodimethylamine (132 ug/g soil) was lost from sandy loam soil after 10 days incubation at 30 °C; no further loss was noted during the next 30 days incubation(7). However, when the organic matter content was increased from 2.16% to 17.5%, over 60% of the added N-nitrosodimethylamine was lost by day 15 of the incubation period(7). At 21 °C, observed half-lives in ground cover soil, turfgrass soil and tree soil were 4.1, 5.6 and 22.5 days respectively(8). The rates and extent of N-nitrosodimethylamine biodegradation in natural environments, including surface waters, sludges and soils have been observed to be highly variable(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), observed Koc values of 68-118(2) indicate that N-nitrosodimethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 29 days and 215 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from a measured log Kow of -0.57(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A photodegradation half-life of 79 hours was measured in distilled water following exposure to fluorescent light through a Pyrex filter(8). The direct photolysis rate constant for N-nitrosodimethylamine in aqueous solution exposed to irradiation representing Southern California midsummer, midday sun was observed to be 0.040/min with a half-life of 16 minutes(9). Hydrolysis is probably not an important removal process since the N-nitrosodimethylamine concentration in lake water essentially did not change after 3.5 months incubation at 30 °C in the dark(10). No biodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine was observed in lake water samples during an observation period of 3.5 months(11). Static and continuous biodegradation tests on N-nitrosodimethylamine using seed from an activated sludge plant and feed that contained a nutrient solution based on yeast extract resulted in 47 to 72% degradation of the N-nitrosodimethylamine in 7 days(12). The rates and extent of N-nitrosodimethylamine biodegradation in natural environments, including surface waters, sludges and soils have been observed to be highly variable(13). N-Nitrosodimethylamine disappeared rapidly from aqueous solution due to evaporation and photolysis, with acidic solutions giving a somewhat higher removal than basic solutions or water, half-life of 0.8 hours versus 0.9 and 1.6 hours, respectively(14).

N-Nitrosodimethylamine has been found to be present in a variety of foods (included smoked, dried or salted fish, ... salami, frankfurters, and cured meats) in the 1 to 100 ug/kg range, but more usually in the 1 to 10 ug/kg range.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine concns in foods were: 0.02 ppb in sukiyaki broth(1); not detected to 7.7 ppb in beer(2); 2.7 ppb (avg) and 68 ppb (max) in draft and bottle beers(3); 7.7 ppb (avg) in lager beer(4); 5 ppb in ale(4); 2.8 ppb (avg) in malt lager(4); 150 ug/kg in barley malt(5); 22 to 118 ppb in commercially malted barley(6); 2.7 ppb (avg) in fried bacon(7); 2.6 ppb in cooked bacon(7); 0.26 to 0.93 ppb in edible oils(8); 0.3 ppb in margarine(9); traces in cheeses(10); 1.2 ppb in whole wheat biscuits(11); 0.8 ppb in flour(11); 0.8 ppb in dried peas(11); 0.4 ppb in malt vinegar(11); and 1.0 ug/kg in infant formula(5). N-Nitrosodimethylamine was detected in samples of smoked and unsmoked bacon at concns ranging from <2.0 to 8.0 ug/kg(12). N-Nitrosodimethylamine was detected in the following canned luncheon meats produced in Italy at the following median concns, ppb: beef with jelly, 0.35; ground beef and pork, 8.7; and turkey, 0.94(13). It was detected in the following cured meats produced in Italy at median concns of, ppb: prosciutto, 0.54; bologna, 4.76; salami, 5.35; rolled bacon, 0.59; coppa, 3.29 to 6.23; and bresaola, 24.70(13). Concns of N-nitrosodimethylamine in Italian beer were not detected to 0.71 ppb in light beer and not detected to 0.42 ppb in dark beer; imported light and dark beer contained 0.07 to 0.19 ppb and 0.15 and 0.36 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine, respectively(13). N-Nitrosodimethylamine has been detected in the following Italian cheeses, ug/kg: grana padano, 0.35; gorgonzola, 0.84; processed cheese, 0.40; processed cheese with added polyphosphates, 0.38; edam, 0.73; and gouda, 0.39(14). Canadian beer analyzed in 1988-1989 had a mean concentration of only 0.10 ug/L; imported beer averaged 0.71 ug/L in 1991-1992 and 0.15 ug/L in 1994(15). [

Examination of over 100 apple brandies has shown that N-nitrosodimethylamine was present in the majority of samples at an average concentration of 0.5 ug/kg; maximum concentration 10 ug/kg(1). It was also found in a number of ciders, cognacs, Armagnac, rums, and whiskeys; average levels ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 ug/kg with a maximum concentration of 1.6 ug/kg(1).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L1207) ; inhalation (L1207) ; dermal (L1207)

ENVIRONMENTAL: N-Nitrosodimethylamine concentrations in milk were: 3.559 ppb (average) in nonfat dry milk(1), 0.10 ppb (average) in whole milk(2), 0.09 ppb (average) in low fat milk(2), 0.10 ppb (average) in skim milk(2), 0.32 ppb avg in evaporated milk(2), 0.58 ppb (avearge) in sweetened condensed milk(2), 1.69 ppb (average) and 4.5 ppb in nonfat dried milk(2,3), 1.8 ppb in dried buttermilk(3), and 0.3 ug/kg skim milk powder(4). In 175 samples of human milk collected from 16 nursing women, 76.5% of the samples contained less than 0.2 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine (minimum level of reliable measurement)(5). In 54 human milk samples from 54 healthy nursing women, trace amounts of N-nitrosodimethylamine (below detection limit of 0.5 ug/L) were detected in the milk of 10 mothers and two other samples contained levels of 1.1 and 1.2 ug/L(6).

P082; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when N-nitrosodimethylamine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. N-Nitrosodimethylamine is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Nitrosodimethylamine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 1,000 lbs.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Nitrosamines/

The levels for N-nitrosodimethylamine through ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms ... which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, and 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 14 ng/L, 1.4 ng/L, and 0.14 ng/L, respectively. For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 160,000 ng/L, 16,000 ng/L, and 1,600 ng/L, respectively. /Nitrosamines/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 0.01ug/l

(FL) FLORIDA 7.5 ug/l

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 0.01 ug/L

N-Nitrosodimethylamine is primarily used as a research chemical. N-Nitrosodimethylamine has been used as an antioxidant, as an additive for lubricants, and as a softener of copolymers. N-Nitrosodimethylamine was formerly used in the production of rocket fuels.

Used as an intermediate in the production of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine; DMNA contaminates common organic amines and may occur as a byproduct of industrial processes; [ACGIH]

Regulated as a carcinogen: See 29CFR1910.1003 (Code of Federal Regulation).

Solvent, rubber accelerator.

NDMA has been used as an intermediate in the manufacture of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, which is a component of rocket propellants. In the workplace, it also has been encountered as a contaminant of common organic amines or as a reaction by-product. Exposures have been possible in cancer research laboratories where the material may be excreted unchanged by laboratory animals.

Industrial solvent, antioxidant; solvent in fiber and plastics industry; in lubricants, condensers to increase dielectric constant; has been used as nematocide; softener for copolymers. /Former uses/

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1982) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

It can be prepared by addition of acetic acid and sodium nitrite to dimethylamine.

Industrial preparation: GB 772331 (1957 to Olin Mathieson) ... Campbell, US 2981752 (1961 to C.S.C); Datin, Elliott, US 3136821 (1964 to Allied Chem).

REACTION OF NITROUS ACID WITH DIMETHYLAMINE

Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-: ACTIVE

Formed by the interaction of nitrite with dimethylamine and by the action of nitrate-reducing bacteria.