Thorium-230
Grundinformationen
- CAS
14269-63-7- Standard-SMILES
[230Th]- InChIKey
ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-YPZZEJLDSA-N- Summenformel
- Th
- Durchschnittliche Molmasse
- 230,0331 g/mol
- Monoisotopische Masse
- 230,03313
Überblick
Thorium is the chemical element of symbol Th and atomic number 90. It is a naturally occurring radioactive metal of the actinide series. In the environment, thorium exists in combination with other minerals, such as silica. Small amounts of thorium are present in all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Twenty-seven radioactive isotopes of thorium, with mass number from 210 to 236, have been characterized. Naturally occurring thorium is composed mainly of one isotope: 232Th. The most abundant and/or stable isotopes are: 232Th (half-life of 14.05 billion years), 230Th (half-life of 75,380 years), 229Th (half-life of 7340 years), and 228Th (half-life of 1.92 years). Thorium is used to make ceramics, gas lantern mantles, and metals used in the aerospace industry and in nuclear reactions. Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium has been linked to increased risk of liver cancer. (L1094, L1838)
Namen und Bezeichner
- Bevorzugter Name
- Thorium-230
- IUPAC
- thorium-230
- Englischer Name
- THORIUM230
- Summenformel
- Th
- Molmasse
- 230.0201
Namen und Synonyme
Thorium-230Thorium, isotope of mass 23014269-63-7DTXSID10891769(230Th)thorium230Th radioisotopeThorium 230Th-230 radioisotopeRefChem:189716DTXCID701030970230Th isotopeIsotope:230Th
Weitere Namen anzeigen
THORIUM230
230Th (isotope)Thorium-230 isotopeIsotope:Thorium-230(~230~Th)thoriumSCHEMBL29420459SCHEMBL29420460
Datenbank-Bezeichner
- CAS
14269-63-7- PubChem CID
- 61723
- DTXSID
DTXSID10891769
Eigenschaften
Berechnete Struktureigenschaften
- Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA)
- 0 Ų
- H-Brücken-Donoren
- 0
- H-Brücken-Akzeptoren
- 0
- Frei drehbare Bindungen
- 0
- Schwere Atome
- 1
- Formalladung
- 0
- Komplexität
- 0
Physikochemische Eigenschaften
- EPA chemische Informationen
- -230 · Thorium-230 (14269-63-7)
Sicherheit und Regulatorisches
Sicherheitsangaben dienen nur zur Orientierung und ersetzen weder das Sicherheitsdatenblatt (SDB) des Lieferanten noch geltende Vorschriften oder eine fachliche Bewertung.
Gefahrenhinweise
DOT Hazard Classification
Thorium-230
Radioactive material
Atomic number: 90
Toxikologische Informationen
Health Effects
Lungs and other internal organs can be penetrated by the alpha radiation produced by thorium. As a result, exposure to an aerosol of thorium can lead to increased risk of cancers of the lung, pancreas and blood. Exposure to thorium internally leads to increased risk of liver diseases. (L1094)
Exposure RoutesOral (L1838) ; Inhalation (L1838) ; Dermal (L1838)
Toxicity Summary
The ionizing radiation produced by thorium causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (L1837)
Signs and SymptomsExposure to high doses of ionizing radiation can result in skin burns, hair loss, nausea, birth defects, illness, and death. (L1837)
Carcinogen Classification1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
Chemie und Industrie
Pharmakologische Informationen
Metabolism/Metabolites
Exposure to thorium can occur following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. Once in the body thorium accumulates mainly in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Transferrin plays a major role in the transport and cellular uptake of thorium. Thorium may combine with oxygen to form thorotrast (thorium dioxide), a colloid which may affect protein uptake. Thorium and thorotrast are excreted mainly in the faeces. (L1838)
Verwendung und Herstellung
Uses
Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium is used as an alloying element in magnesium, used in aircraft engines, imparting high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. Thorium is also used as an alloying agent in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to increase the melting temperature of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability. Thorium is used to coat tungsten wire used in electronic equipment, improving the electron emission of heated cathodes. Thorium is used as a fertile material for producing nuclear fuel. Thorium is a very effective radiation shield, although it has not been used for this purpose as much as lead or depleted uranium. Uranium-thorium age dating has been used to date hominid fossils. (L1094)
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