Caesiumhydroxid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cesium hydroxide:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Fires involving cesium hydroxide should be fought upwind and from the maximum distance possible. isolate the hazard area and deny access to unnecessary personnel. Emergency personnel should stay out of low areas and ventilate closed spaces before entering. Containers of cesium hydroxide may explode in the heat of the fire and should be moved from the fire area if it is possible to do so safely. If this is not possible, cool containers from the sides with water until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of containers. Dikes should be sued to contain fire-control water for later disposal. Firefighters should wear a full set of protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving cesium hydroxide. Structural firefighters' protective clothing may provide limited protection against fires involving cesium hydroxide.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or standard foam to extinguish fires involving cesium hydroxide.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Cesium hydroxide should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers that are labeled in accordance with OSHA's hazard communication standard. Cesium hydroxide should not be stored in glass containers. Containers of cesium hydroxide should be protected from physical damage and should be stored separately from acids, organic compounds, metals, oxygen, carbon dioxide, moisture, heat, sparks, and open flame. Because container that formerly contained cesium hydroxide may still hold product residues, they should be handled appropriately.

Cesium hydroxide must be stored in silver or platinum and out of contact with air because of its reactivity with glass and carbon dioxide.

Keep tightly closed

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas.

In the event of a spill or leak involving cesium hydroxide or a solution containing cesium hydroxide, persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from contaminated areas until cleanup is complete. The following steps should be undertaken following a spill or leak: 1. Do not touch the spilled material; stop the leak if it is possible to do so without risk. 2. Notify safety personnel. 3. Do not use water in clean-up. 4. For small dry spills, use a scoop or clean shovel and gently place the material into a clean, dry container, creating as little dust as possible; cover and remove the container form the spill area. 5. For liquid spills, dilute the contents of cesium hydroxide with water, neutralize the spilled material with dilute acid, absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material, and place into closed containers for later disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Personal protection: chemical protection suit. Sweep spilled substance into plastic or glass containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Skin burns.

Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; eye, skin burns

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In humans, cesium hydroxide is irritating and corrosive to the eyes, nose throat, and skin. Solutions containing 5% cesium hydroxide are regarded as safe for human skin contact; however in contact with the eyes, a solution of this concentration causes extreme irritation and corneal corrosion. Stronger solutions of cesium hydroxide cause eye and skin burns and may cause permanent damage.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The signs and symptoms of acute inhalation exposure to cesium hydroxide include a burning sensation in the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract; runny nose; pain, redness and tearing of the eyes; difficult breathing; and redness, pain and burns of the skin.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an acute lethality study of rats, administration of cesium hydroxide or cesium iodide at dose levels up to 910 or 1,217 mg Cs/kg, respectively, resulted in stomach and intestinal hemorrhage, bloody fluid exudate within the peritoneal cavity, and adhesions of abdominal organs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats administered unspecified acute gavage doses of cesium hydroxide exhibited initial signs of hyperexcitability followed by apathy and weakness during the course of 14 days of observation after dosing

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 5% solution of cesium hydroxide was extremely irritating and caustic to the rabbit eye. It is likely that this effect was the result of the caustic nature of the hydroxide rather than an effect due to cesium per se.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 5% solution of CsOH was irritating to intact skin of rabbits and extremely irritating to the abraded skin and to the eyes; and there was no evidence of cutaneous sensitization in treated guinea pigs.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Gastrointestinal and respiratory effects noted in rats administered acute oral doses of cesium hydroxide may have been due to the alkaline properties of the compound rather than the biochemical behavior of cesium.

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

LD50 Rat ip 100 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 570 mg/kg

LD50 Rat intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 800 mg/kg