Bromdichlormethan

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 2. COLLECT FOR RECLAMATION OR ABSORB IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL. /CHLOROFORM/

Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. For small spills, take up with absorbent material then flush area with water. For large spills, dike far ahead. /Chloroform/

/SRP: In laboratory setting only:/ Absorb on paper and evaporate on a glass dish in hood. Burn the paper. Purify /liquids/ by distillation, then return to supplier. /Chloroform/

Oxidation processes are responsible for the removal of organic compounds and precursors of trihalomethanes. Substitution reactions are the source of chlorine incorporation into the organic matter. Disinfectants differ in their abilities to carry out oxidation and substitution reactions, but studies show that chloramines also add chlorine to organic materials by substitution. Before a decision is made to change disinfectants, operating parameters and chemical functions must be taken into account to achieve the best quality drinking water.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Chloroform is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel; care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene; an acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. /Chloroform/

Potential candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds; for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature of 820 to 1600 °C and a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases, hours for solids; and for fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases, longer for solids. /Chloroform/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for bromodichloromethane. Concentration process: stripping.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for BROMODICHLOROMETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Skin that becomes wet with liquid chloroform should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any chloroform. Employees who handle chloroform should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and mild detergent and water before eating or smoking. /Chloroform/

Where there is any possibility that employees' eyes may be exposed to chloroform, an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. /Chloroform/

Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation. /Chloroform/

Clothing wet with liquid chloroform should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of chloroform from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the chloroform, the person preforming the operation should be informed of chloroform's hazardous properties. /Chloroform/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BROMODICHLOROMETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A bromodichloromethane concn of 14 ng/mL was found in a blood sample from a resident living near the Love Canal near Niagara Falls, NY(1). Bromodichloromethane was not detected in any sample from the USEPA National Human Adipose Tissue Survey for fiscal year 1982(2,5). Bromodichloromethane was detected in 14% of the 1072 blood samples (detection limit 0.009 ppb) from a nonoccupationally exposed US population from a survey run from 1988 to 1994(3). Alveolar breath samples of competitive swimmers during a typical 2-hr training period in an indoor facility contained an average of 2.68 ug/cu m bromodichloromethane(4). The estimated blood/breath coefficient was estimated at 0.01 and 0.12 ug/L for the male and female subjects, respectively (detection limit = 0.39 ug/cu m)(4). Alveolar air samples taken in swimmers in Modena, Italy found bromodichloromethane in 30 of 32 at a mean concn of 1.8 ug/cu m(5). Bromodichloromethane was identified in one of eight samples of mother's milk collected from nursing mother's in New Jersey hospitals(6). Bromodichloromethane was found in alveolar air of swimmers at rates of 2.7 ug/cm before swimming to 6.5 ug/cm after swimming. Uptake rates were calculated in the range of 3 ug/hour before swimming and 26 ug/hour after swimming based on research of five swimmers(7). Bromodichloromethane was found in the blood of bath attendants at <0.6 ug/L and in swimmers at <1.8 ug/L(8). Bromodichloromethane was found in blood of women in Cobb County, Georgia at levels of 0.002-0.017 ug/L before showering and 0.017-0.093 ug/L after showering(9). Bromodichloromethane was also found in blood of women from Corpus Christi, Texas at before shower levels of 0.002-0.035 ug/L and after shower levels from 0.009-0.083 ug/L(9).

... The effects of glutathione (GSH) on in vivo bromodichloromethane (BDCM)toxicity and in vitro BDCM macromolecular binding were evaluated. The in vivo toxicity of BDCM in animals pretreated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a glutathione synthesis inhibitor) and in untreated male Fischer 344 rats was investigated. In another experiment, covalent binding to protein and lipid was quantified after (14C)BDCM was incubated with hepatic microsomal and S9 fractions and renal microsomes from F344 rats, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with and without added GSH. After oral dosing with BDCM, the BSO-pretreated animals had greatly increased levels of serum indicators of hepatotoxicity and serum and urinary indicators of nephrotoxicity compared to those in animals dosed solely with BDCM. Histopathological examination revealed that hepatic necrosis was more severe than renal necrosis in the BSO-treated rats. When GSH was added to an aerobic incubation, protein binding was decreased in hepatic microsomal and S9 fractions by 92 and 83%, respectively. GSH also decreased lipid binding by 55% in hepatic microsomal incubations carried out under anaerobic conditions. Addition of GSH decreased renal microsomal protein (aerobic) and lipid binding (anaerobic) by 20 and 43%, respectively. These data indicate that GSH is an important protective factor in the toxicity associated with BDCM.

The acute hepato- and nephrotoxic potentials of two trihalomethane water contaminants, bromodichloromethane (BrCHCl2) and dibromochloromethane (Br2CHCl), were determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Br2CHCl possessed a greater hepatotoxic and lethal potential than BrCHCl2. However, both Br2CHCl and BrCHCl2 were weak hepatotoxicants as compared to a related trihalomethane, CHCl3. Br2CHCl and BrCHCl2 did not produce liver injury until near-lethal dosages were administered. Neither trihalomethane appeared to produce appreciable kidney injury during the 24-hr challenge period. Pretreatment of rats with acetone (15 mmol/kg, po) markedly potentiated the hepatotoxic response to BrCHCl2 and Br2CHCl. The potentiated response observed with acetone plus BrCHCl2 or Br2CHCl was equal to or greater than that observed with acetone plus an approximately equimolar dosage of CHCl3. That is, acetone appeared to convert these weak hepatotoxicants into strong hepatotoxicants.

... A rodent model of hereditary renal cancer was used to investigate the carcinogenic response to a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). Rats carrying a mutation in the Tsc2 tumor suppressor gene (Eker rats) readily develop renal preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, and are highly susceptible to the effects of renal carcinogens. Male and female Eker rats were exposed via drinking water to individual or a mixture of DBPs for 4 or 10 months. Potassium bromate, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), chloroform, and bromodichloromethane were administered at low concentrations of 0.02, 0.005, 0.4 and 0.07 g/L, respectively, and high concentrations of 0.4, 0.07, 1.8 and 0.7 g/L, respectively. Low and high dose mixture solutions were comprised of all four chemicals at either low concentrations or high concentrations, respectively, Following necropsy, each kidney was examined microscopically for preneoplastic lesions (atypical tubules and hyperplasias) and tumors. While some of the mixture responses observed in male rats did fall within the range expected for an additive response, especially at the high dose, predominantly antagonistic effects on renal lesions were observed in response to the low dose mixture in male rats and the high dose mixture in female rats. These data suggest that current default risk assessments assuming additivity may overstate the cancer risk associated with exposure to mixtures of DBPs at low concentrations..

Pretreatment of Fischer 344 rats with buthionine sulfoximine, which decreased the hepatic glutathione content by 86%, markedly accentuated the hepatic and renal toxicity of bromodichloromethane administered as a single dose (400 mg/kg bw) by gavage.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for BROMODICHLOROMETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cancer, Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Hepatic (Liver), Immunological (Immune System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys)

Urinary

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 53-251(2-4), indicate that bromodichloromethane is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromodichloromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.12X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(5). Bromodichloromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 50 mm Hg(6). No degradation occurred in 6 weeks using mixed methanogenic bacterial cultures from sewage effluents in either sterile or seeded conditions(7), suggesting that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 53-251(2-4), indicate that bromodichloromethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(5) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.12X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(5), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.00(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 186 and 18.6 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively(9). No degradation occurred in 6 weeks using mixed methanogenic bacterial cultures from sewage effluents in either sterile or seeded conditions(10), suggesting that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromodichloromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 50 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromodichloromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 205 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Bromodichloromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The detection of bromodichloromethane in rainwater(5) indicates that atmospheric removal via washout can occur; however, any bromodichloromethane which is removed by rainfall is likely to revolatilize into the atmosphere(SRC).

In accordance with the USFDA's Total Diet Market Basket Study, an analysis of 39 food items purchased at retail markets (from Elizabeth, NJ, Chapel Hill, NC, Washington, DC) detected bromodichloromethane in one dairy composite (1.2 ppb), in butter (7 ppb), and in two beverages (0.3 and 0.6 ppb); subsequent analysis of cola soft drinks resulted in three positive detections at levels of 2.3, 3.4, and 3.8 ppb(1). An analysis of various soft drinks found cola beverages to ave 0.9-5.9 ppb bromodichloromethane while clear soft drinks had levels of 0.1-0.2 ppb; municipal water supplies from which the soft drinks were manufactured were found to contain up to 20 ppb trihalomethanes(2). Bromodichloromethane was found in the following foods: flavored sparkling water, 12 ng/g; fruit drink, 5 ng/g; carbonated soft drinks, 1-12 ng/g(3). The compound was not detected (detection limit= 12 ppb) in butter purchased from retail outlets located near dry-cleaning establishments(4). Bromodichloromethane was found in grapefruit juice (0.20 ug/kg); reconstituted lemon juice (1.05 ug/kg); reconstituted lime juice (1.00 ug/kg); reconstituted orange juice (0.20-1.27 ug/kg); and in orange drink (0.80 ug/kg)(5). The following foods were also found to contain bromodichloromethane: whey and longhorn cheese process water (2.2 ng/g); gingerale soda (2.3 ng/g); sparkling soda (1.2 ng/g); cola soda (1.2 ng/g); ricotta and mozzarella cheese process waters (3.0-8.3 ng/g); process water for lemon-lime soda, lemon soda, and cola soda - trace; process water for vanilla, chocolate, and butter-pecan ice creams (8.3-14.1 ng/g); vanilla ice cream (2.3 ng/g); chocolate ice cream (0.6 ng/g); and butter pecan ice cream (1.1 ng/g)(6). Bromodichloromethane was detected at <0.1-5.2 ppm in bean-curd and water in packaging(7). Summer and winter food intake for 30 Japanese housewives contained concns of bromodichloromethane of not detected to 1.7 ng/g and not detected to 0.8 ng/g in Nagoya, and winter food intake for 30 housewives from Yokohama contained bromodichloromethane from not detected to 1.2 ng/g(8).

AIR INTAKE: The estimated daily air intake of bromodichloromethane in a study involving 17 subjects from Beaumont, TX and Chapel Hill, NC ranged from below the detection limit (<1.2 ug/10 cu m) for 9 subjects to 37.1 ug/10 cu m(1); DRINKING WATER INTAKE: Water intake ranged from 15 to 24 ug/L, assuming 10 cu m/d respiration rate and 1 L/d ingestion rate. The percentage intake from air ranged from <3 to 73. This did not take into account exposure from showering which presumably would increase the proportion due to inhalation(1).; FOOD INTAKE: The average daily intake of bromodichloromethane for 30 Japanese housewives was 0.2-2.3 ug and 0.1-1.1 ug in summer and winter in Nagoya and 0.2-1.8 ng for 30 housewives in Yokohama(2).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Bromodichloromethane is included on this list. Effective date 6/1/87; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

(AZ) ARIZONA 0.19 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 6 ug/L

(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 0.60 ug/L

(WI) WISCONSIN 0.6 ug/L

(ME) MAINE 6 ug/L

Used as chemical reagent/intermediate in organic synthesis; Also used as a fire extinguisher, solvent (fats, waxes, and resins), and as a heavy liquid for mineral and salt separations; [HSDB]

Chemical reagent, intermediate in organic synthesis.

Organic synthesis, solvent

Fire extinguisher fluid ingredient; solvent (fats, waxes, resins); synthesis intermediate; heavy liquid for mineral and salt separations.

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1979) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

Treatment of the chlorine analog with slightly more than the stoichiometric quantity of anhydrous aluminum bromide, or with hydrogen bromide in the presence of an aluminum halide catalyst. After replacement of chlorine by bromine, the mixture is washed with cold water to remove the inorganic materials and the product is distilled.

Methane, bromodichloro-: ACTIVE

Bromodichloromethane is not manufactured for commercial use, but is formed in chlorinated drinking water as a result of the halogen substitution and oxidation reactions of chlorine with naturally occurring organic matter (e.g., humic or fulvic acids) in the presence of bromide.