Vinylidene fluoride

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable); polymerization hazard]:

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion.

The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible, and may accumulate in low ceiling spaces causing deficiency of oxygen. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

Vapours are uninhibited and may form polymers in the vents or flame arresters causing blockage.

This chemical is a flammable gas. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including hydrogen fluoride, fluorine, and fluorides. Extinguish with CO2 or dry chemical to allow access to valves to shut off supply if necessary. Do not extinguish the fire unless the flow of gas can be stopped and any remaining gas is out of the line. Specially trained personnel may use fog lines to cool exposures and let the fire burn itself out. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If cylinders are exposed to excessive heat from fire or flame contact, withdraw immediately to a secure location.

Stop flow of gas.

Store gas cylinders in a cool, dry place and use the safety precautions necessary with all compressed gases. High concentrations cause a deficiency of oxygen with the risk of unconsciousness or death. Check oxygen content is at least 19% before entering storage or spill area. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, expecially when opening and closing containers of this chemical ... A regulated, marked area should be established there this chemical is handled, used, or stored ...

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-difluoroethene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1-difluoroethene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3X10+4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 169 mg/L(4). 1,1-Difluoroethene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Highly chlorinated/fluorinated compounds are not expected to biodegrade rapidly(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1-difluoroethene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3X10+4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 169 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.3 hours and 3.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.24(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Highly chlorinated/fluorinated compounds are not expected to biodegrade rapidly(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1-difluoroethene, which has a vapor pressure of 3X10+4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,1-difluoroethene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Gas-phase 1,1-difluoroethene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 57 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). 1,1-Difluoroethene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

dizziness, headache, nausea; liquid: frostbite

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=75-38-7]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,1-difluoroethene can be estimated to be 32(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1-difluoroethene is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Acute inhalation toxicity was evaluated in groups of male and female Charles River CD rats (5/sex/concn level) exposed to 1,1-difluoroethylene at a concentration of 800,000 ppm (80% v/v) in a glass inhalation exposure chamber for 6 hrs. All animals exhibited signs of deep, rapid, labored breathing and lethargy after termination of one hour of exposure. 7 of the 10 animals died after 4 1/2 hrs of exposure. After 6 hrs of exposure, only 3 females had survived. One hour after termination of exposure, the survivors appeared normal and exhibited no other signs of toxicity during the 14 day observation period. Gross necropsy of the animals which died during exposure revealed dark red areas in all lobes of the lungs. The liver of all 7 deceased animals showed pale areas, and one male rat had pale kidneys. All other tissues appeared normal. The three surviving female rats also showed dark red areas in all lobes of the lungs.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Vinylidene fluoride is included on this list. Effective date 10/4/82; Sunset date: 10/4/92.

Vinylidene fluoride

1

10000

Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.

Used in the production of polyvinylidene fluoride polymers and elastomers; [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Manufacture of polymers and copolymers; chemical intermediate

Used for the mfg of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and for copolymerization with many fluorinated monomers. One commercially significant use is the mfg of high performance fluoroelastomers that include copolymers of 1,1-difluorothene with hexafluoropropylene (HFP) or chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and terpolymers with HFP and tetrafluoroethylene

2023: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb

Ethene, 1,1-difluoro- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#5267]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Ethene, 1,1-difluoro-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 10 to <50 million pounds.

Currently, three basic methods are used for the commercial production: (1) dechlorination of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane in the gas phase and on a metal catalyst, (2) dechlorination of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, and (3) dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane.

Thermal elimination of HCl from 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is the principal industrial route...dehydrohalogenation of 1-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane or 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, or dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane are alternative routes; it can also be continuously prepared by the pyrolysis of trifluoromethane in the presence of a catalyst and either methane or ethylene.

GRADE: 99% min purity

Genetron 1132A

The commercial product is typically 99.75 mol% min pure

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Ethene, 1,1-difluoro-: ACTIVE

Applications: insulation for high-temp wire, tank linings, chemical tanks and tubing, protective paints and coatings with exceptional resistance (30 yr) to weathering and uv; value and impeller parts; shrinkage tubing to encapsulate resistors, diodes and soldered joints; sealant. /Polyvinylidene fluoride/