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Dichlorfluormethan
HCFC-21 · DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE · CHCl2F · CHFCl2 · f21 · F 21 · f-21 · fc21
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 75-43-4 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | CHCl2F |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 102,92 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 101,94393361 g/mol |
| SMILES | FC(Cl)Cl |
| InChIKey | UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6370 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL116813 |
| EC No. | 200-869-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID7052498 |
| Lokaler Name | Dichlorfluormethan |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 1 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 4 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 13,5 |
| Stoffklassen | Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Chlorofluorocarbons |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Schoenflies notation |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | log Kow = 1.55 |
| Geruch | ... Slight ether-like odor ... |
| Dichte | 1.48 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sinkDensity: 1.405 g/cu cm 9 °C1.405 @ 9°C3.57(relative gas density)1,354 g/cm3 |
| Viscosity | 0.313 cP at 25 °C (liq)0.0114 cP at 25 °C, 101.3 kPa ... /gas/ |
| Color/Form | Colorless heavy gasColorless gas ... [Note: A liquid below 48 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas] |
| Löslichkeit | 0.7 % at 86 °F (NIOSH, 2024)In water, 1.88X10+04 mg/L at 25 °CSoluble in carbon tetrachloride69 parts/100 parts acetic acid108 parts/100 parts dioxane> 10% in ethyl alcohol> 10% in ethyl ether> 10% in chloroform0.95% weight at 25 deg in waterSoluble in acetic acid, alcohol, and ether (Weast, 1986)0.7 wt % at 30 °C (NIOSH, 1997) |
| Corrosivity | Liquid Refrigerant 21 will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings |
| Siedepunkt | 48 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)8.9 °CHeat of vaporization = 5.79 Kcal/mol at 25 °C6.01 kcal/mol at the boiling point8.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]8.9°C |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of chloride and fluoride.Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and hydrogen fluoride) may be released when it decomposes. |
| Schmelzpunkt | -135°C |
| Dampfdruck | 1,216 at 11.8 °C (NIOSH, 1997) |
| Brechungsindex | 1.3540 |
| Aggregatzustand | Colorless gas |
| Farbe | Colorless liquid or gas with an ether-like odor |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(gas): 0.59 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Henry-Konstante | 9.1×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 5.3(28℃) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Methane, dichlorofluoro-(75-43-4) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | HCFC-21 (75-43-4) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | Dichloromonofluoromethane (75-43-4) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.9% (1 of 114) of reports.WarningH280 (99.1%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P410+P403, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 114 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Danger |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Methane, dichlorofluoro-Dichlorofluoromethane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Non-Flammable Gas |
| Brandgefahren | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of chlorine and fluorine may be produced in fire. (USCG, 1999)· Some may burn but none ignite readily.Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| Brandpotenzial | WEAKLY FLAMMABLE. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | INHALATION: May cause giddiness, light-headedness, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, narcosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, and death. SKIN: May cause frostbite or irritation. EYES: May cause irritation or cold injury. (USCG, 1999)· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONSPossible frostbite from contact with liquid[NIOSH] Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects[ICSC] The substance may have effects on the liver. [ICSC] |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 1029 126 |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Fluorinated Organic Compounds |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 2.2 |
| Special Reports | [WHOEnvironmental Health Criteria 126: Partially Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (Methane Derivatives) (1991)] |
| TSCA-Anforderungen | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dichloromonofluoromethane is included on this list. Effective date: 4/13/89Sunset date: 12/19/95. |
| OSHA Standards | Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1000 ppm (4200 mg/cu m).Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states. |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material. |
| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dichloromonofluoromethane:General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| Sichere Lagerung | Fireproof if in building. |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).10.0 [ppm] |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. |
| Lagerbedingungen | ... MATERIALS MUST BE STORED IN PLACES THAT ARE COOL ... PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENTILATION ... FURTHER PRECAUTION IS TO LOCATE ... AREA ... AWAY FROM AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD ... . |
| Reinigungsverfahren | If Refrigerant 21 is spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. If the gas is leaking, stop the flow. 3. If the liquid is spilled or leaked, allow to vaporize. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. |
| Körperbelastung | Personal air samples were collected from firefighters in Buffalo, NY while responding to 3 wood-frame building structure fires and one car firethe range of dichlorofluoromethane detected in the breathing space varied from 0.67 to 12.1 ppm(1).Dichlorofluoromethane was found in the expired air of 2 of 8 male volunteersthe amounts exhaled in these two subjects were 0.14 and 0.062 fg/hr(1). Dichlorofluoromethane was detected, but not quantified, in the expired air of a nonsmoking population of 62 males and females, suburban and urban residents(2). The percentage of subjects whose breath contained dichlorofluoromethane was not reported. |
| Wechselwirkungen | If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be administered since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/Adrenaline should not be admin, because of the possibility of inducing cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. /Flourocarbons/ |
| Zielorgane | respiratory system, cardiovascular system |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichlorofluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.88X10+04 mg/L(4). Dichlorofluoromethane exists as a gas above 9 °C and is expected to volatilize rapidly from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil and sediment(5-7). Complete aerobic biodegradation of dichlorofluoromethane in soil by methanotrophic bacteria in 5-19 days has been reported(5).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.88X10+04 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.55(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge(8-10). Approximately 93% and 50% degradation of dichlorofluoromethane in anoxic sediment samples collected from freshwater and saltwater wetlands occurred within 27 and 43 days, respectively, at 20 degrees(8). Rate constants for the neutral and alkaline hydrolysis reactions for dichlorofluoromethane are 2.1X10-10 and 5.4X10-09 L/mole-min, respectively(11)these rates correspond to a half-life of approximately 230 years(11).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichlorofluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 1.36X10+03 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the gas-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase dichlorofluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.90X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dichlorofluoromethane is a colorless heavy gas that is used as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant and heat-exchange fluid. It is also referred to as CFC-21 but has fewer uses than other chlorofluorocarbons. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Inhalation of dichlorofluoromethane can cause confusion, drowsiness, and unconsciousnessand direct contact with skin can cause frostbite. Limited information was available on the toxicity and exposure to humans. One case study in which dicholorfluoromethane was one of the components of a water-repellent spray that was used in an insufficiently ventilated room by two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, who were admitted to the hospital with complaints of headachenausea, dyspnea. Volatiles are frequently abused as inhalants. ANIMAL STUDIES: When administered alone to anesthetized mice at a concentration of 100,000 ppm, CFC-21 induced arrhythmia and sensitized the heart to epinephrine. Tachycardia with hypotension was observed in both monkeys and dogs that were anesthetized and exposed at 50,000-100,000 ppm. Bronchoconstriction was noted at 25,000 ppm. Repeated exposures have produced marked hepatic damage or failure. Ten of ten rats survived exposure at 10,000 ppm CFC-21, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks, but their livers were grossly pale and heavy. Histopathologic examination showed centrilobular necrosis with related changes. In comparable 90-day series of exposure at 5000 and 1000 ppm levels, rats showed bilateral hair loss and excessive mortality (20 of 54 died at 1000 ppm, 15 of 54 at 5000 ppm). Four dogs exposed at both levels showed weight loss. Cirrhosis was evident in rats exposed at both levels, but with dogs histopathologic changes in the liver were mild and evident only at the 5000 ppm. CFC-21 has produced pre-implantation loss in pregnant rats exposed at 10,000 ppm. After exposure for 6 hr daily, on days 6 to 15 of gestation, 15 or 25 pregnant females had no viable fetuses or implantation sites on the uterine wall. Pregnancy outcome and fetal development in the other 10 rats were unaffected. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrestliquid: frostbite |
| Effluent Concentrations | Dichlorofluoromethane was found in gases emanating from a simulated landfill(1)no quantitation was performedthe material in the simulated landfill consisted of municipal refuse and various loadings of municipal wastewater sludge(1). Dichlorofluoromethane was reported in landfill gas at a concentration of 93 mg/cu m(2)the site was a clay pit that received both municipal and industrial solid wastes, and liquid waste were at the sampling point(2). Dichlorofluoromethane was detected in municipal solid waste landfill gas at seven locations in the United Kingdom at concentrations ranging from 1-85 mg/cu m(3). |
| ICSC Environmental Data | Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer. |
| Medical Surveillance | Consider the points of attack /respiratory system, lung, cardiovascular system/ in preplacement and periodic physical examinations. |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dichlorofluoromethane can be estimated to be 32(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. |
| Berufliche Expositionsstufe (OEB) | A |
| Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert (OEL) | TWA: 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) |
| Sofort lebensgefährliche Konzentration | 5,000 ppm |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1029 (DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (REFRIGERANT GAS R 21)) |
| RTECS-Nr. | PA8400000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 59 |
| Toxizität | LC50 (inhalation) for rats 49,900 ppm/4-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
| Gefahrensymbole | N |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 59 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 2.2 |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 75-43-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Fire extinguishers; solvent; refrigerant.