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Chlordifluormethan
R22 · CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE · chloro · CHClF2 · HCFC-22 · CHF2Cl · f22 · Freon-22
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 75-45-6 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | CHClF2 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 86,47 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 85,97348415 g/mol |
| SMILES | FC(F)Cl |
| InChIKey | VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6372 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL116155 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:82417 |
| EC No. | 200-871-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID6020301 |
| Lokaler Name | Chlordifluormethan |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 1,8 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 2 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 4 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 13,5 |
| Stoffklassen | Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) |
| PFAS | PFAS -> Other/unspecified |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Chlorofluorocarbons |
| Kosmetika | Propellant |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Coriolis coupling |
| Pestizide | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | log Kow = 1.08 |
| Geruch | Nearly odorlessLike carbon tetrachloride... Faint, sweetish odor ... |
| Dichte | 1.41 at -40 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.194 at 25 °CDensity: 1.41 at -40 °C (liquid)Relative density (water = 1): 1.211.4909 @ 69°C1,18 g/cm3 |
| Viscosity | 0.23 mN/sec/sq m at 25 °C (liquid)0.013 mN/sec/sq m at 25 °C (gas) |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas ... [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas] |
| Löslichkeit | 0.3 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)Solubility: 0.14 g/L water at 122 °F at 14.7 psiaIn water, 2770 mg/L at 25 °C0.28 g/L water at 77 °F and 14.7 psia> 10% in acetone> 10% in chloroform> 10% in ethyl etherSoluble in ether, acetone, and chloroformSlightly soluble |
| Schmelzpunkt | -146°C |
| Siedepunkt | -40.8°C |
| Brechungsindex | 1.2560 |
| Aggregatzustand | Colorless, nearly odorless, nonflammable gas |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(gas): 0.65 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Henry-Konstante | 3.5×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Burkholder et al. (2019) |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 6.1(24℃) |
| Stabilität | Stable. |
| Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen | PROPELLANT |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | 1.080 |
| CAS Datenbank | 75-45-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Methane, chlorodifluoro-(75-45-6) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | HCFC-22 (75-45-6) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | Difluorochloromethane (75-45-6) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.7% (5 of 291) of reports.WarningH280 (86.6%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P410+P403, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 291 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Danger |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Methane, chlorodifluoro-Methane, chlorodifluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Methane, chlorodifluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 03-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15022Chlorodifluoromethane: Non hazardousThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Methane, chlorodifluoro-: Environment tier II assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Non-Flammable Gas |
| Brandgefahren | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposition gases are toxic and irritating. (USCG, 1999)· Some may burn but none ignite readily.Combustible under specific conditions. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| Brandpotenzial | Not flammable. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Inhalation at greater than 10% concentration in air may cause narcosis. Liquid may cause frostbite. (USCG, 1999)· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | When inhaled by guinea pigs, narcosis occurs at 200,000 ppm and death at 300,000 ppm. [ACGIH] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid[NIOSH] Chlorodifluoromethane is in the list of Some volatile substances which may be abused by inhalation published on the web site of the U.N. International Drug Control Programme, indicating its potential to cause narcosis in workers. [Reference #1] Evaporating liquid can cause frostbiteInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmias[ICSC] |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 1018 126 |
| FDA-Anforderungen | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/ |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Fluorinated Organic Compounds |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 2.2 |
| Special Reports | Litchfield & LongstaffFood Chem Toxicol 22: 465-75 (1984). Comprehensive review on the toxicology of chlorodifluoromethane.WHOEnvironmental Health Criteria 126: Partially Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (Methane Derivatives) (1991).USEPAChemical Hazard Information Profile: Chlorodifluoromethane (1978)Anders MWEnvironmental Health Perspectives 96: 185-191 (1991). Metabolism and toxicity of hydrochlorofluorocarbons: Current knowledge and needs for the future. The metabolism and toxicity of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), potential replacements for ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons, were reviewed.For more Special Reports (Complete) data for CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material. |
| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Chlorodifluoromethane:General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| Sichere Lagerung | Fireproof. Cool. Ventilation along the floor. |
| Firefighting Hazards | R-22 is not flammable at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure. However, this material will become combustible when mixed with air under pressure and exposed to strong ignition sources. Contact with certain reactive metals may result in formation of explosive or exothermic reactions under specific conditions (e.g. very high temperatures and/or appropriate pressures). |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).500.0 [ppm] |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.Firefighters should wear self-contained, NIOSH-approved breathing apparatus for protection against possible toxic decomposition products. Proper eye and skin protection should be provided. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store in a cool, well-ventilated area of low fire risk and out of direct sunlight. Protect cylinder and its fittings from physical damage. Storage in subsurface locations should be avoided. Close valve tightly after use and when empty.Fireproof. Cool. Ventilation along the floor. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Because of the discovery of potential ozone decomposition in the stratosphere by chlorodifluoromethane, the material should not be released to the environment if it can be prevented. Material to be scrapped should be returned to the vendor, or to licensed waste disposal company. |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Ventilation. |
| Körperbelastung | A pilot study of volatile organic chemicals in mother's milk found that two of eight samples of milk obtained from women in 4 urban areas in the United States contained chlorodifluoromethanethe levels were not quantified(1).Two simultaneous accidental, lethal exposures to chlorodifluoromethane alone were associated with concentrations (in uL/mL) of the chemical in body fluid samples taken 16 hr after death: blood, 37.1 and 26.0urine, 1.7 and 0.9vitreous humor, 1.0 and 0.7(1). |
| Wechselwirkungen | If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines & adrenergic activators should not be admin since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/ |
| Zielorgane | Endocrinerespiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys, spleen |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8.6(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.08(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlorodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, since chlorodifluoromethane is a gas(5) under ambient conditions, most of the chemical released on soil will volatilize rapidly, effectively reducing the potential for leaching into groundwater(SRC). Volatilization of chlorodifluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.06X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4). Chlorodifluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.25X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8.6(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.08(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlorodifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.06X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.7 hours and 3.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2.4(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis in water is not expected to be important due to chlorodifluoromethane's low rate of hydrolysis (<0.01 g/L-yr)(7). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC)ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorodifluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 7.25X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase chlorodifluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9.4 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.68X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). As a result of its long half-life, a substantial fraction of the chlorodifluoromethane will slowly diffuse to the upper stratosphere. Once in the upper stratosphere, it is dissociated through photolysis, reaction with hydroxyl radical and excited atomic oxygen resulting in the release of chlorine at high altitudes(4). These chlorine atoms then become part of a catalytic process that contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer. In the troposphere, however, chlorodifluoromethane is not expected to undergo direct photolysis since it does not absorb light >290 nm(5). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid) |
| Milk Concentrations | ENVIRONMENTAL: A pilot study of volatile organic chemicals in mother's milk found that two of eight samples of milk obtained from women in 4 urban areas in the United States contained chlorodifluoromethanethe levels were not quantified(1). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Irregular heartbeat. Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.Redness. Pain.irritation respiratory systemconfusion, drowsiness, ringing in earsheart palpitations, cardiac arrhythmiasasphyxialiver, kidney, spleen injuryliquid: frostbite |
| Effluent Concentrations | Trace volatile organic compounds were monitored in landfill gas at 7 UK waste disposal facilities from 1994 to 1995(1). Concentrations of chlorodifluoromethane ranged from <0.5 mg/cu m to 404 mg/cu m. The presence of chlorodifluoromethane in landfill gas is expected to be due to direct volatilization from plastic foam, aerosol propellants, and refrigerators. Based on emission rates monitored in 1995 from the UK, the total global emission of chlorodifluoromethane is 1.4X10+8 kg/year(1). Dust samples from a municipal waste incinerator located in Hamburg, Germany were analyzed for chlorodifluoromethane concentrations(2). The study determined that chlorodifluoromethane concentrations ranged from <0.005 to 0.89 mg/kg waste. When municipal waste was added to a laboratory anaerobic digester, levels of chlorodifluoromethane were measured in both the gas and leachate. Maximum chlorodifluoromethane concentrations were 385 mg/N cu m in gas samples and 0.9 mg/L in leachate(2). |
| ICSC Environmental Data | Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer. |
| EPA IRIS Information | ChlorodifluoromethaneEndocrine5 x 10 ^1 mg/m^3 |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | The Koc of chlorodifluoromethane is estimated as 8.6(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.08(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that chlorodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, since chlorodifluoromethane is a gas(4) under ambient conditions, most of the chemical released on soil will volatilize rapidly, effectively reducing the potential for leaching into groundwater(SRC). |
| TSCA-Anforderungen | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Chlorodifluoromethane is included on this list. Effective date: 4/13/89Sunset date: 6/30/98. |
| Luftstandards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorodifluoromethane is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Halomethanes/ |
| Berufliche Expositionsstufe (OEB) | A |
| Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert (OEL) | TWA: 1000 ppm (3500 mg/m3), STEL: 1250 ppm (4375 mg/m3) |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1018 (CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (REFRIGERANT GAS R 22)) |
| R-Sätze (R) | 40-59 |
| Toxizität | LCLo inhalation in dog: 70pph |
| Gefahrensymbole | F,N |
| hazard_note | Non-Flammable |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 23-59 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 2.2 |
| DOT Classification | 2.2 (Nonflammable gas) |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 75-45-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Refrigerant, low-temperature solvent, fluorocarbon resins, especially tetrafluoroethylene polymers.