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1-Chlor-1,1-difluorethan
R142b · F142b · HCFC-142 · HCFC-142B · Chlorodifluoroethane · F 142b · fc142b · R 142b
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 75-68-3 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C2H3ClF2 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 100,49 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 99,98913422 g/mol |
| SMILES | CC(F)(F)Cl |
| InChIKey | BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6388 |
| EC No. | 200-891-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID9023960 |
| Lokaler Name | 1-Chlor-1,1-difluorethan |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 2 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 5 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 34,6 |
| Stoffklassen | Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Chlorofluorocarbons |
| Kosmetika | Propellant |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Schoenflies notation |
| Pestizide | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| Geruch | Nearly odorless |
| Dichte | 1.107 g/cu cm at 25 °CHeat capacity = 1.2979 kJ/kg-K at 25 °C (liquid), 0.8792 kJ/kg-K at 25 °C (vapor at 101.3 kPa)liquid density = 1.113 at 25 °Cozone depletion potential = 0.065global warming potential = 0.441.19 @25 °C1.108 |
| Viscosity | Gas = 0.01099 cP at 25 °CLiquid = 0.453 cP at -20.9 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas |
| Löslichkeit | Insoluble in watersol in benzeneIn water, 1,400 mg/L at 25 °C |
| Siedepunkt | -9.1 °C-9.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]−10 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition, emits toxic fumes of ... /hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride/.Under certain conditions, fluorocarbon vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Fluorocarbons/When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /fluorine/ and /chlorine/.. |
| Schmelzpunkt | −131 °C(lit.) |
| Dampfdichte | 3.49 (vs air) |
| Dampfdruck | 2196 mm Hg ( 21 °C) |
| Brechungsindex | 1.3672 (estimate) |
| Explosionsgrenze | 18% |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(gas): 0.82 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Henry-Konstante | 1.5×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Kutsuna (2013) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, metals - use brass regulators, steel cylinders for storage. |
| Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen | DEODORANTPROPELLANT |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | 1.330 (est) |
| CAS Datenbank | 75-68-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Ethane, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-(75-68-3) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | HCFC-142b (75-68-3) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P280, P377, P381, P403, P410+P403, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 118 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases] |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Ethane, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-Ethane, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethane, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 25-01-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1966Ethane, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-: HSNO Approval: HSR000991 Approved with controls |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Flammable Gas |
| Brandgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. |
| Brandpotenzial | Flammable gas.A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizing materials. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | In confined space spill, may displace air and act as simple asphyxiantEvaporating liquid can cause frostbiteAt high concentrations, may sensitize heart to arrhythmias[ICSC] May cause irritationMay cause rapid suffocation[MSDSonline] It has anesthetic effects at high concentrationsThreshold for cardiac sensitization in rats is 50,000 ppm[AIHA]The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of freon 142b stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Exposure to this colorless, nearly odorless gas may be occur to the general population through inhalation of freon 142b as a propellant in aerosol sprays, and to workers through inhalation or dermal contact during the manufacture, use, servicing, and disposal of refrigeration units, food processing, plastic foam blowing, and fire extinguishing, among others. Inhalation of freon 142b may cause dizziness and suffocation, while dermal contact may cause defatting of skin and frostbite. Sufficient exhaust and general ventilation should be provided to keep vapor concentration below recommended levels (a threshold limit of about 500 ppm for repeated workday exposure was suggested). Also, wear appropriate chemical protective gloves and goggles, and in emergency situations such as spills or fire fighting wear a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Freon 142b is extremely flammable. Atmospheres of freon in the range of 6.2% to 17.9% in air can ignite explosively when contacted by heat, sparks, or flames. Freon 142b may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Also, freon vapor, in confined spaces presents an explosion hazard. When leaking containers of freon (including tank cars, tank trucks, and storage tanks) are on fire, let them burn unless the flow can be stopped. From as far a distance as possible, use water spray to knock down vapor and to cool fire-exposed containers. To fight small freon 142b fires, use dry chemical or CO2, and for large fires use water spray, fog, or foam. For uncontrollable fires or the pssibility of container eruption, consider evacuation of 1/2 mile radius and the use of unmanned hose holders. When heated to decomposition, this substance emits toxic fumes of fluoride and chloride as well as small amounts of phosgene. Fire fighters should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Store and use freon 142b cylinders in well ventilated areas away from heat, all ignition sources, and all highly oxidizing and flammable materials. Freon 142b should be in DOT-approved, low pressure cylinders, equipped with brass valves. Containers may be shipped via road, and water (forbidden on passenger and aircraft or railcar), and should be affixed with labels stating, "Flammable Gas". Before transporting freon 142b, the regulatory requirements of the DOT should be consulted. If freon 142b spills or leaks, shut off ignition sources (eg, no flares or smoking), stop leak if it can be done without risk (do not touch the material), and isolate the area. Water spray may be used to reduce the vapor, but care is needed to prevent the material from entering water sources or sewers. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 2517 115 |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Fluorinated Organic Compounds |
| Special Reports | European Chemicals BureauIUCLID Dataset, 1-Chloro-1,1-Difluoroethane (75-68-3) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of October 2, 2009: http://ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/IUCLID-DataSheets/75683.pdf]WHOEnvironmental Health Criteria 139: Partially Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (Ethane Derivatives) (1992). ). EHC are designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.[Available from, as of November 20, 2009: http://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html]OECDSIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 12. (CAS No: 75-68-3). UNEP Publications (March 30, 2001). This OECD Initial Assessment of HPV Chemicals is part of a series of OECD SIDS documents published by UNEP Chemicals to facilitate the access to information needed for health and environmental risk assessments of chemicals.[Available from, as of September 30, 2009: http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/75683.pdf] |
| TSCA-Anforderungen | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is included on this list. Effective date 4/13/89Sunset date: 12/19/95. |
| Reactivity Alerts | Highly Flammable |
| Reactivity Profile | 1-CHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. Can react with strong oxidizing agents or weaker oxidizing agents under extremes of temperature. |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:General First Aid: |
| Firefighting Hazards | Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. It is easily ignited. Its vapor is heavier than air. Any leak can either be liquid or vapor. /Chlorodifluoroethanes/ |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).1000.0 [ppm] |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | This chemical is a flammable gas. Poisonous gases including phosgene, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, and chlorine are produced in fire. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ...To fight fire, stop flow of gas.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Chlorodifluoroethanes/ |
| Lagerbedingungen | Chlorodifluoroethane must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) since violent reactions occur. Detached or outside storage is preferred. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard ... |
| Reinigungsverfahren | Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area for leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a safe place in the open air and repair leak or allow cylinder to empty. Keep chlorodifluoroethane out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters ... |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.SRP: Operations involving entry into tanks or closed vessels, and emergency situations, require consideration of potentially oxygen deficient, or "immediately dangerous to life and health" IDLH environments. This may necessitate use of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCUBA), or a positive pressure supplied air respirator.If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personal hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location, and weather conditions.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:Immediate precautionary measure |
| Wechselwirkungen | ... The combination of fluorocarbon with a sympathomimetic bronchodilator is potentially dangerous for the treatment of bronchial asthma. For the same reason, sympathomimetic drugs are contraindicated in cardiac resuscitation of patients suffering from fluorocarbon poisoning. /Fluorocarbon poisoning/ |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | EC50Species Daphnia magna (Crustacea)Conditions: OECD 202 static test, no renewal, no aeration, sealed glass containers, measured concentrationsConcentration: 160 mg/L for 48 hrEffect: immobilization. Mortality in the control: 22%Conditions: static unaerated, sealed vesselsConcentration: 190 mg/L for 48 hrEffect: immobilization.LC50Species: Poecilia reticulata (fish, fresh water)Conditions: freshwater, staticConcentration 220 mg/L/96 hr |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.0588 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2,540 mm Hg(4). 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane did not biodegrade in sewage sludge(5) nor in pure culture extracts(6).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0588 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.05(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane showed no alkaline reaction and a half-life of 16,000 years in neutral reactions(8). 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane did not biodegrade in sewage sludge(9) nor in pure culture extracts(10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 2540 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.06X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). In the stratosphere, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane may slowly photolyze, producing chlorine atoms which in turn would participate in the catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone, or it may slowly react with singlet oxygen(4). Removal of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in clouds due to hydrolysis is expected to be slow(5). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Human Health: Acute toxicity of 1-chloro-l,l-difluoroethane is low (LC50/6hr >1,640,000 mg/cum (400,000 ppm) in rats). Inhalation of high concentrations induced signs of lung irritation and Central Nervous System depressing effects of anesthetic type in rats and cardiac sensitisation in dogs. Consequently, 1-chloro 1,1 -difloroethane may be hazardous to humans in case of accidental exposure to high concentrations occurring in confined area where replacement of air by the gas could at the same time reduce oxygen in the atmosphere. In repeated inhalation exposure studies, 1-chloro -1,1- difluoroethane did not induce specific chronic toxicity in rats and dogs exposed 6 hr/d, 5 d/week during several months (no target organs identifiedthe no observed adverse effects were higher than 41,000 mg/cum (10,000 ppm) in dogs exposed during 3 months and higher than 82,000 mg/cum (20,000 ppm) in rats exposed for their lifetime). There was no carcinogenic effect in rats exposed for their life time (6hr/d, 5d/week at concentrations up to 82,000 mg/cum (20,000 ppm)). In genotoxicity studies, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane was mutagenic in vitro on bacteria (Ames test) and gave equivocal results in a cell neoplastic transformation assay. However, in in vivo mutagenicity studies it was inactive (in a Dominant lethal assay and in a Bone Marrow cytogenetic assay in rats exposed by inhalation du ring 15 and 13 weeks respectively). Overall, these results suggest that 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane does not pose a significant genotoxic hazard to humans. In the reproduction field, 1-chloro 1,1-difluoroethane did not induce adverse effect on fertility of male mice exposed up to 82,000 mg/cum (20,000 ppm) (in a Dominant lethal assay) and did not induce male and female lesions of sexual organs in rats and dogs exposed for several months. Also the gas did not induce teratogenic or embryo/foetotoxicity effect and no maternal toxicity in two inhalation developmental toxicity studies where rats were exposed during pregnancy up to 41,000 mg/cum (10,000 ppm). Environment: Based on its physico-chemical properties, the air compartment is the preferred target one for 1-chloro -1,1- difluoroethane. The global atmospheric lifetime of 142b is 18.5 years corresponding to a 1/2 -lifetime of 12.8 years. The tropospheric lifetime due to removal by reaction with OH is 19.5 years. Atmospheric degradation products are essentially the aldehyde form of 142b which further degrade to form CF2(=O) which will hydrolyze in atmospheric water to form HF (also in the OECD HPV Chemicals Programme) and CO2. The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 1-chloro -1,1-difluoroethane is the main concern of this substance. Due to its ODP value of 0.065, it is considered as an ozone depleting substance. The calculated Global Warming Potential of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is 1800 for an integration horizon of 100 years. Its contribution to the Greenhouse effect is small i.e. 0.00108 W/sq m. In water, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not readily biodegradable under aerobic condition (about 5 % of biodegradation after 28 days). It is not expected to bioaccumulate (log Kow = 1.64 - 2.05). 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane has a low acute toxicity to fish and daphnia. The lowest available LC50 being higher than 100 mg/L. No acute toxicity tests are available for algae. Algae appear to be more sensitive than fish and daphnids to 1-chloro1,1-difluoroethane with a calculated 96h EC50 of 45 mg/L. Exposure: The expected production volume of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in year 2000 is 36,000 tonnes in Europe, 42,000 tonnes in the USA and an amount of 84,000 tonnes for the total world. Its main uses are as a chemical intermediate to produce fluoropolymers and as a blowing agent. A small portion is used as a component of refrigerant fluids. The production and consumption of 1-chloro1,1-difluoroethane are covered by the Montreal Protocol. In the case of developed countries, a phase-out of 1-chloro1,1-difluoroethane and other hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is scheduled as follows: 35% in 2004, 65% in 2010, 90% in 2015, 99.5% in 2020. A total phase-out is scheduled in 2030. For developing countries, a freeze of the production is scheduled in 2016 and a total phase-out in 2040. In the European Union, the phase-out of ozone depleting substances is scheduled more rapidly than that required by the Montreal protocol. The total ban of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is required on January 1, 2010, the use as blowing agent for expended polystyrene being prohibited from January 1, 2002. |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane to fish (Poecilia reticulata) was carried out according to OECD guideline 203. Because of the volatility of the substance, a semi-static method (renewal each 24 hr) with a closed system was used. The results of the test showed a low toxicity of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane to Poecilia reticulata : 96 hr LC 50 = 220 mg/L based on measured concentrations./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Two daphnia tests were conducted in closed glass containers without renewal or aeration of the test solution. The results of the tests summarized in the following table show that 1-chloro-1,1- difluoroethane is of low toxicity to daphnia. |
| EPA IRIS Information | 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane5 x 10 ^1 mg/m^3 |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane can be estimated to be 40(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. |
| Atmospheric Concentrations | URBAN/SUBURBAN: Trace volatile organic compounds in landfill gas were examined at seven UK waste disposal facilitiesthe concn of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane ranged from <0.5 to 31 mg/cu m(1).RURAL/REMOTE: Remote tropospheric samples taken from Nov 1991 to Dec 1993 from Albert, North West Territories, Pt Borrow, Alaska, Niwot Ridge, CO, Maura Loa, Hawaii, Cape Mattatula, American Samoa, Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station, Tasmania and the South Pole had concns of 2-7 parts per trillion(1). Stored air samples collected at Cape Grim, Tasmania from 1978 to 1993 were analyzed to investigate the change in tropospheric concn of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethanebetween April 1978 and September 1993 the concn of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane rose from 0.20 parts per trillion(volume) to 3.0 parts per trillion(volume), with the majority of the increase occurring from 1989 onward. By mid-1993, the rate of increase had reached 0.9 parts per trillion(volume)/year(2). 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane was detected at 10.4 parts per trillion in samples taken Jan 1997 in Hokkaido, Japan and Syowa Station, Antarctica(3). An avg concn of 8.78 parts per trillion of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane was detected at Mace Head, Ireland, Jan 1, 1996(4). |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Excessive skin contact with liq fluorocarbons should be minimized to prevent defatting of skin ... /Fluorocarbons//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Freons are toxic to humans by several mechanisms. Inhaled fluorocarbons sensitize the myocardium to catecholamines, frequently resulting in lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Because they are gases heavier than air, fluorocarbons can displace atmospheric oxygen, thus resulting in asphyxiation. These compounds also have a central nervous system anesthetic effect analogous to a structurally similar general anesthetic, halothane. Pressurized refrigerant or liquid fluorocarbons with a low boiling point have a cryogenic effect on exposed tissues, causing frostbite, laryngeal or pulmonary edema, and gastrointestinal perforation. /Freons//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Fluorocarbon propellants are anesthetic and cardiotoxic ... Aerosol propellants produce hallucinogenic effects, and, rarely, contact dermatitis. /Fluorocarbon propellants//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Fluorocarbon propellants, benzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, gasoline, toluene, and hydrocarbons have been implicated in 110 sudden deaths after inhalant abuse in which no obvious cardiac or pulmonary pathology existed. Heavy exercise or stress was associated with 18 of those deaths, /it was/ proposed that these inhalants act to sensitize the myocardium to endogenous catecholamines. Hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis may exacerbate these effects. /Fluorocarbon propellants/For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane's production and use as a blowing agent and refrigerant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
| Environmental Biodegradation | 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane did not biodegrade using sewage sludge(1), Methylosinus trichosporium, M. vaccae JOB5, ENV2040 nor ENV2041 strains of organisms(2). |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 2517 (1-CHLORO-1,1- DIFLUOROETHANE (REFRIGERANT GAS R 142b)) |
| Zollcode | 29033990 |
| RTECS-Nr. | KH7650000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 12-59 |
| Toxizität | LC50 inhalation in mouse: 1758gm/m3/2H |
| Gefahrensymbole | F+,N,Xi |
| hazard_note | Irritant |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 38-59 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 2.1 |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 75-68-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Please view www.aldrich.com/epaods regarding the EPA′s request for application information of Ozone Depleting Substances