HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemie-Druckbericht · Nur für Forschungszwecke
2,2-Dichlorpropionsäure
DALAPON · 2,2-Dichloropropanoic acid · 2,2-DPA · DALACIDE · S-Chloro chloromethanethioate · S95 · s1315 · tripon
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 75-99-0 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C3H4Cl2O2 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 142,97 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 141,95883473 g/mol |
| SMILES | CC(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)O |
| InChIKey | NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6418 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL445525 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:81859 |
| EC No. | 200-923-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID2021575 |
| Lokaler Name | 2,2-Dichlorpropionsäure |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 1,3 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 37,3 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 1 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 2 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 1 |
| Schwere Atome | 7 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 88,9 |
| Stoffklassen | Corrosives |
| pH | (Aq): 1.32 (0.099 N, 23 °C) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Optical coefficient |
| Pestizide | Pesticide -> EPA IRISHerbicidesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedPesticides -> Herbicides, OtherPesticide (Dalapon) -> USDA PDB |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | log Kow= 0.780.761.34 |
| Geruch | Acrid odor. |
| Dichte | 1.4 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than waterwill sink1.4014 at 20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.40 |
| Color/Form | LiquidColorless liquid [Note: A white to tan powder below 46 degrees F. The sodium salt, a white powder, is often used]. |
| Löslichkeit | 50 % (NIOSH, 2024)Very soluble in alcohol. Soluble in etherVery soluble in alkali solvents.In water, 502,000 mg/L at 25 °CSolubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 9050%Acetonitrile (Slightly), Chloroform (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)50.2 g/100 mL |
| Corrosivity | Corrosive to ironFormulations are ... corrosive to equipment. |
| Siedepunkt | 374 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)190 °C202°C |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrgen chloride/.Decomposes >191 °C |
| Schmelzpunkt | 166°C (dec.) |
| Brechungsindex | 1.4544 |
| Flammpunkt | >110°C |
| Lagerbedingungen | 0-6°C |
| Aggregatzustand | Liquid |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | pK1:2.06 (25°C) |
| Farbe | Colorless to Light yellow |
| Merck | 14,2802 |
| BRN | 1750149 |
| Henry-Konstante | 1.7×102 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Duchowicz et al. (2020) |
| Stabilität | Hygroscopic |
| Hauptanwendungen | agricultureenvironmental |
| InChI | 1S/C3H4Cl2O2/c1-3(4,5)2(6)7/h1H3,(H,6,7) |
| InChIKey | NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC(Cl)(Cl)C(O)=O |
| CAS Datenbank | 75-99-0(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Propanoic acid, 2,2-dichloro-(75-99-0) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Dalapon (75-99-0) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H302 (14%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Hazard Traits - Nephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemDalapon: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Propanoic acid, 2,2-dichloro-: Environment tier I assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Corrosive |
| Brandgefahren | Combustible. Irritating fumes of hydrochloric acid may form in fire. Volatilizes with steam. (USCG, 1999)Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| Brandpotenzial | NONFLAMMABLE |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | VAPOR: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. LIQUID: Will burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed. (USCG, 1999) |
| Gefahrenübersicht | A irritant of the skin and respiratory tract[EPA Pesticides, p. 119] Contact with skin can cause burns[CHRIS] |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Acids, Carboxylic |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: XnR: 22-38-41-52/53S: (2)-26-39-61 |
| Special Reports | California State Dept Food and Agriculture. Pesticide Use Report Annual 1984, pp.31-32.Shore FL et alReport Iss EPA/600/4-85/060 PB86-108484/GAR p 136 (1985). Hazardous waste detection of chlorinated herbicides.Hill EF, Camardese MBUS Fish Wildl Serv Fish Wildl Tech Rep 2: 1-147 (1986). The report provides the most comprehensive data base available for avian subacute dietary toxicity tests and is primarily intended for use in ranking toxicities by a standard method that has a reasonable degree of environmental relevance.Folmar LCTech Pap US Fish Wildl Serv 88: 1-16 (1977). Toxicity of dalapon, dichlobenil and endothall to aquatic organisms is discussed.For more Special Reports (Complete) data for DALAPON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Dalapon is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0274Pesticide type: herbicideCase Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.Active ingredient (AI): DalaponAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled." |
| Reactivity Profile | These organic compounds donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in waterthose with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acids dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactionslike other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid:(General first aid procedures) |
| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Irritating fumes may form in fire. Volatilizes with steam. |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide.If material on fire or involved in fire: extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic/ |
| Lagerbedingungen | Keep container tightly closed when not in use. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | Spills of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: These should be removed by vacuum cleaning or by dissolving them in water or other solvent in the factory environment. In the field, they may be washed away with water into a suitable soak-hole. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with a impermeable flexible membrane liner./ /Pesticides/Environmental considerations: air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.Environmental consideration: land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for DALAPON (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Dalapon-sodium can be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. Recommendable methods: Incineration, alkaline hydrolysis. /Dalapon sodium/ |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. If liquid: collect leaking liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. If solid: sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Smoking, eating, drinking /and the use of toilet facilities/ before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide of moderate or higher toxicity is being handled or used. /Pesticides/Handling and storage cautions: Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. Do not reuse spray equipment for any purpose unless thoroughly cleaned with a suitable cleaner. Do not reuse containerdestroy when empty.Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DALAPON (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Wechselwirkungen | Investigation of several derivatives ... has failed to reveal any with greater biological activity than sodium salt. ... Activity ... enhanced by changing pH or by adding any of several suitable surfactants. Latter alters physiologically important ionic & polar properties of dalapon solution. |
| Zielorgane | UrinaryEyes, skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50 Daphnia pulex 11.0 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence limit, 8.2-14.7) @ 15 °Cfirst instar. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L.LC50 Lepomis macrochiris (Bluegill) 105 mg/L/96 hr @ 24 °C1.0 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L.LC50 Pteronarcys >1,000 mg/L/96 hr @ 15 °Cfirst year class. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L.LC50 Simocephalus 16.0 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence limit, 11.4-22.4) @ 15 °CFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DALAPON (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc range of 1-2(2), indicates that dalapon is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of dalapon is 1.74(3), which indicates that this compound will exist predominantly as an anion in moist soils. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur since anions do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 0.19 mm Hg determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur for dalapon at varying rates depending upon the conditions of the soil. The resultant average persistence of dalapon at recommended rates of application has been reported to be two to four weeks in most agricultural soils during the growing season(5). Under greenhouse conditions (28 °C), dalapon applied at a rate of 6 lbs/A persisted only 4-8 days in muck soil, 8-16 days in loam and silty loam soils, 16-32 days in sandy loam soil, and 32-64 days in silt clay soil(3). The half-life of dalapon in soil from Italy was reported as 30 days(6).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1-2 in soil(2), indicate that dalapon is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of dalapon is 1.74(3), which indicates that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in water. Volatilization from water surfaces will not occur since anions do not volatilize(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of 3 measured in fish(3), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process under environmental conditions since it has been concluded that dalapon and its salts have chemical hydrolytic half-lives of several months at temperatures less than 25 °C(3). Photolysis in sunlit surface waters may be possible since dalapon absorbs light greater than 290 nm(3)however, the rate of this potential reaction is not known in water. Dalapon has been shown to biodegrade in soils and sewage sludge under aerobic conditions(3), which suggests that it may also biodegrade in aerobic aquatic systems. The half-life of dalapon in anaerobic river sediment was 42 days, with complete degradation occurring at approximately 70 days(5).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dalapon, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.19 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dalapon is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The UV absorption spectrum for dalapon shows absorbance in the range between 290 to 350 nm(4) which indicates that direct photolysis is possible, but the kinetics of this reaction are not known(SRC). |
| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | Dalapon was not detected in any of 18 composite vegetable samples collected in Ontario, Canada during 1980-85(1). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| Milk Concentrations | ... FED TO ANIMALS ... DALAPON RESIDUES REPORTED IN MILK WERE MUCH LESS THAN 1% OF AMT INGESTED IN FEED ... .WHEN DAIRY COWS WERE FED DALAPON, LESS THAN 1% OF INGESTED DOSE APPEARED AS RESIDUES IN MILK, MAINLY AS UNCHANGED DALAPON BUT WITH TRACES OF DALAPON GLYCERIDES.... /IT WAS/ FOUND ... IN MILK FROM COW WHOSE FEED CONTAINED (36)CHLORINE LABELED DALAPON. |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Dalapon was among the compounds found to cause <10% mortality in catfish @ rate of 1 or 10 ppm./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Toxic concentrations of certain pesticides to mollusk Cerastoderma lamarcki are tabulated. Maximum permissible concentration of Dalapon is 0.01 mg/L./AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a comparative toxicology study on two fish species, Cyprinus carpio and Barbus sharpeyi, dalapon was nontoxic and no mortalites were detected up to 10,000 ppm./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Goldfish mortality at the end of 24 hr exposure to Dalapon was 0% at 100 ppm and 100% at 500 ppm and above.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DALAPON (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat.Redness. Pain.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory systemskin burnslassitude (weakness, exhaustion), loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, slowing of pulsecentral nervous system depression |
| Acute Toxicity Link | Chemical: DALAPON |
| Effluent Concentrations | Dalapon has been detected in effluent concentrates collected from advanced waste treatment facilities in Lake Tahoe CA (in Nov 1974) and Washington DC (in Sept 1974)(1). |
| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5,000 lb or 2,270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (AZ) ARIZONA 560 ug/l(ME) MAINE 200 ug/l |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | EPA 200 ug/l |
| Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | EPA 200 ug/l |
| Berufliche Expositionsstufe (OEB) | B |
| Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert (OEL) | TWA: 1 ppm (6 mg/m3) |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | 3265 |
| Zollcode | 29159000 |
| RTECS-Nr. | UF0690000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 22-38-41-52/53-40-36/37/38-11 |
| Toxizität | LD50 in male, female rats (mg/kg): 7126, 6936 orally (Gaines, Linder) |
| Gefahrensymbole | Xn,Xi,F |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 26-39-61-36-16-24-9 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 8Acute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Chronic 3Eye Dam. 1Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 75-99-0(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Dalapon is a commonly used herbicide for the control of annual and perennial grasses in croplands. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has listed dalapon as a general use pesticide and categorized dalapon as a Class II toxic agent (moderately toxic). As such, any product that contains dalapon would be labeled with ‘warning.’ The moderate toxicity associated with dalapon is confined primarily to workers around dalapon and those individuals who are applying dalapon. Contact with the herbicide can be caustic to human skin, damaging to the conjunctiva of the human eye, and irritating/damaging to the upper respiratory system of humans. When used to control grasses in cropland as well as noncropland, dalapon is distributed via either aerial or ground equipment for foliage application. Some of the common croplands that have benefitted from dalapon application include corn, potatoes, legume crops, citrus, fruit, and nut trees. It is used extensively in the western United States to control a variety of grasses such as Bermuda, Johnson, Crab, and Quack grasses. Dalapon is translocated to the roots where it acts as a growth regulator. Although highly soluble with the ability to readily move through the environment, dalapon is relative safe and instances of dalapon intoxication are rare. The primary sources of toxicity are contact with the sodium or magnesium salt of dalapon, which is an irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Cases of elevated levels of dalapon in drinking water or groundwater have also been rare, and little toxicity has been reported following dalapon exposure in water. Individuals who were exposed to high levels for extended periods of time can experience kidney dysfunction. Collectively, dalapon is a relatively safe herbicide for the control of many annual and perennial grasses.
Verwenden
Dalapon is used primarily for the selective control of annual and perennial grass weeds in cropland and noncropland. Dalapon is also used as a selective aquatic herbicide. It is acidic in nature and are not strongly sorbed by soils, and reported to be rapidly degraded in both soil and water by microbial processes.