HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemie-Druckbericht · Nur für Forschungszwecke
1,2-Dibrompropan
1,2-Dobromopropane · 1,2-Dibromopropane98% · 1,2 - Propylene Dibromide · CH2BrCHBrCH3 · 1.2-DibroMopro · 1,2-Dibrompropan · PROPYLENE BROMIDE · (RS)-Dibrompropan
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 78-75-1 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C3H6Br2 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 201,89 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 199,88362439 g/mol |
| SMILES | CC(Br)CBr |
| InChIKey | XFNJYAKDBJUJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6553 |
| EC No. | 201-139-1 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID60870403 |
| Lokaler Name | 1,2-Dibrompropan |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2,2 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 0 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 1 |
| Schwere Atome | 5 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 20,9 |
| Stoffklassen | Other Classes -> Halogenated Aliphatics, Saturated |
| Dichte | 1.94 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink1.9324 g/cu cm at 20 °C1.937 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 1.623 cP at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless liquid |
| Löslichkeit | In water, 1.43X10+3 mg/L at 25 °CSoluble in ethanol, ether, and chloroformslightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride.organic solvents: miscible |
| Flammpunkt | Flash point: <-75 °C35 °C |
| Siedepunkt | 284 to 288 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)141.9 °C140-142 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen bromide/. |
| Schmelzpunkt | -67.4 °F (NTP, 1992)-55.49 °C-55 °C |
| Dampfdichte | 7 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air) |
| Dampfdruck | 7.84 [mmHg]7.84 mm Hg at 25 °C |
| Surface Tension | 34.14 dyne/cm at 20 °C |
| Brechungsindex | n20/D 1.519(lit.) |
| Lagerbedingungen | Flammables area |
| Aggregatzustand | clear liquid |
| Farbe | Colorless to Light yellow to Light orange |
| Merck | 14,7853 |
| BRN | 1718884 |
| Henry-Konstante | 5.3×10-3 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Albanese et al. (1987) |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 4.2999999999999998 |
| Stabilität | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, magnesium. |
| InChI | 1S/C3H6Br2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 |
| InChIKey | XFNJYAKDBJUJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC(Br)CBr |
| CAS Datenbank | 78-75-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Propane, 1,2-dibromo-(78-75-1) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | 1,2-Dibromopropane (78-75-1) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | WarningH226 (91.8%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Combustible Liquid |
| Brandgefahren | This compound is considered non-flammable. (NTP, 1992) |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | SYMPTOMS: Irritant and narcotic in high conc. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Increased liver enzymes in feeding studies of miceSome evidence of mutagenicityEmergency medical treatment: see 2-Bromopropane. [HSDB] High concentrations may have irritating and narcotic effects[CAMEO] A mutagenEffects in high-dose animal studies include fatty liver degeneration and acute renal failure[RTECS] |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Halogenated Organic Compounds |
| Reactivity Profile | Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as 1,2-DIBROMOPROPANE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group may be incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they may be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. This compound is considered nonflammable. (NTP, 1992) |
| Air and Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Flam. Liq. 3 (91.8%) |
| Critical Temperature and Pressure | Critical temperature = 371 °Ccritical pressure = 3.07X10+4 mm Hg |
| Brandbekämpfung | This material is considered to be non-flammable. (NTP, 1992) |
| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Bromopropanes/ |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| Preventive Measures | If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Bromopropanes/Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Bromopropanes/ |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.Personnel Protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Bromopropanes/ |
| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627) |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1.43X10+3 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dibromopropane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dibromopropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.46X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 7.84 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 1.43X10+3 mg/L(2). 1,2-Dibromopropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1.43X10+3 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dibromopropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.46X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure, 7.84 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.43X10+3 mg/L(3). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using hydrolysis rates measured at elevated temperatures, a hydrolysis half-life of 320 days (rate constant = 2.5X10-8 per second) at 25 °C and pH 7 was calculated for 1,2-dibromopropane(7,8). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dibromopropane, which has a vapor pressure of 7.84 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dibromopropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 1,2-dibromopropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| Expositionspfade | Oral (L626)inhalation (L626)dermal (L626) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627) |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | The Koc of 1,2-dibromopropane is estimated as 80(SRC), using a water solubility of 1.43X10+3 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-dibromopropane is expected to have high mobility in soil. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | 1,2-Diromopropane's production and use as a research chemical(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Environmental Bioconcentration | An estimated BCF of 10 was calculated for 1,2-dibromopropane(SRC), using a water solubility of 1.43X10+3 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). |
| Volatilization from Water/Soil | The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-dibromopropane is estimated as 1.46X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 7.84 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.43X10+3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-dibromopropane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). 1,2-Dibromopropane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dibromopropane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(1). |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1993 3/PG 3 |
| Zollcode | 29033036 |
| RTECS-Nr. | TX8574000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 10-20/22-36/37/38-20/21/22-40 |
| Gefahrensymbole | Xn |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 23-24/25-36/37/39-26-16-45-27 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 3Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Chronic 2Eye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 3Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 78-75-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
1,2-Dibromopropane is used in organic synthesis and solvent. It was used to study the effect of reductant concentration, reductant contact time and suspension pH on reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by soil manipulated with Fe(II) and HS-. It was used as internal standard during the determination of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct trichloronitromethane by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
Herstellung & Synthese
synthetische
1,2-Dibromopropane is synthesized from bromopropane by bromination. First mix bromopropane and iron powder, heat to 40-50°C, slowly add bromine, and continue to reflux for 2h after adding. Then, the iron slag was filtered off, and the filtrate was washed several times with water, once with 5% sodium carbonate solution, and then with 5% sodium thiosulfate solution to remove free bromine. Dry with anhydrous calcium chloride. Fractional distillation, collecting 139-142 ℃ fraction is the finished product of 1,2-dibromopropane.