1,4-Dihydroxyanthrachinon

ORANGE CRYSTALS FROM ACETIC ACID; ORANGE PLATES FROM ETHER; DEEP RED NEEDLES FROM ALCOHOL, BENZENE, TOLUENE, XYLENE

YELLOW RED LEAFLETS FROM ETHER; RED CRYSTALS FROM TOLUENE, ACETIC ACID

MODERATELY SOL IN ALCOHOL WITH RED COLOR

SOL IN ETHER WITH BROWN COLOR & YELLOW FLUORESCENCE

SOL WITH VIOLET COLOR IN AQ ALKALIES & IN AMMONIA

1 G SOL IN ABOUT 13 G OF BOILING GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

For more Solubility (Complete) data for 1,4-DIHYDROXY-9,10-ANTHRACENEDIONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dry Powder

Yellow-red, orange, or deep red solid; [HSDB] Orange powder; [MSDSonline]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (7 of 2238) of reports.

Warning

H315 (90.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2238 reports by companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Not Classified

Chemical: 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-dihydroxy-

9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-dihydroxy- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-dihydroxy- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 14-06-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/20342

9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-dihydroxy-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Skin Irrit. 2 (90.9%)

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 1

ACUTE TOXICITY OF 1,4-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE WAS TESTED IN ANIMALS & DID NOT SENSITIZE MANY, BUT PRODUCED A VERY SEVERE REACTION IN THOSE AFFECTED.

1,4-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONES DID NOT ALTER COLONIC WATER ABSORPTION BUT RESTRICTED SODIUM ABSORPTION & CAUSED AN APPARENT RELEASE OF POTASSIUM INTO THE LUMEN.

IN VITRO STUDY INDICATED ANTHRAQUINONE DYES TO BE INHIBITORS OF MITOCHONDRIA ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATION & OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. MOST OF THE DYES INHIBITED MITOCHONDRIAL (14)C-ADP UPTAKE IN A PARTIALLY COMPETITIVE-NONCOMPETITIVE MANNER.

QUINIZARIN GLUCOSIDE TETRAACETATE WAS RENDERED MUTAGENIC TO SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM BY ENZYME EXTRACTS OF RAT CECAL BACTERIA (APPARENTLY BY AGLYCONE FORMATION).

LAXATIVE EFFECTS OF 6 ANTHRAQUINONES WERE RELATED TO THEIR ABILITY TO UNCOUPLE PHOSPHORYLATION IN BOTH PLANT (PHASEOLUS AUREUS) & ANIMAL (GUINEA PIGS INTESTINE) MITOCHONDRIA. THE STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS WERE: A RIGID PLANAR STRUCTURE AND AT LEAST 1 OH GROUP, PREFERENTIALLY IN POSITION 1, 1 AND 8, 2, 3, 6, AND 7.

Used as an antioxidant in synthetic lubricants and a fungicide for control of powdery mildew; [HSDB] Used in the fuel and textile processing industries and as a coloring agent and intermediate; [IUCLID]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

ANTIOXIDANT IN SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS

IN THE SYNTHESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL ANTITUMOR AGENTS

FUNGICIDE FOR CONTROL OF POWDERY MILDEW

...BY DIAZOTIZING P-CHLOROANILINE, CONDENSING WITH PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE, & HYDROLYZING: BRITISH PATENT 373,999, CA 27, 3946 (1933); BY TREATING ANTHRAQUINONE WITH AMMONIUM PERSULFATE IN SULFURIC ACID: WACKER, J PRAKT CHEM [2] 54, 90 (1896). BY HEATING P-CHLOROPHENOL, PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE & EITHER SULFURIC ACID OR ALUMINUM CHLORIDE: REYNOLDS, BIGELOW, J AM CHEM SOC 48, 420 (1926); US PATENT 1,845,632, CA 26, 2203; ORG SYN COLL VOL I, 476 (NEW YORK, 1941).

Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-dihydroxy-: ACTIVE

THE CONDENSATION OF ALKYLENEDIAMINES WITH QUINIZARIN GAVE COMPD MARKEDLY ACTIVE AGAINST BOTH LEUKEMIAS & SOLID TUMORS IN MICE.

1,4-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE IS FUNGICIDE @ 4000 PPM FOR CONTROL OF POWDERY MILDEW (ERYSIPHE POLYGONI) ON INOCULATED CRANBERRY BEAN SEEDLINGS.