Dinonylphthalat

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6.6X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dinonyl phthalate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). In sterile microcosms containing lake water and sediment, approximately 80% of di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate partitioned to sediment(3). Volatilization of dinonyl phthalate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Dinonyl phthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.1X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). A half-life of 6 to 8 days in river die-away tests(3) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6.6X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dinonyl phthalate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). In sterile microcosms containing lake water and sediment, approximately 80% of di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate partitioned to sediment(3). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.6 and 47 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 190 years when adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 9.52(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 7.7 years and 280 days at pHs 7 and 8, respectively(10). A half-life of 6 to 8 days in river die-away tests(3) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dinonyl phthalate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 5.1X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dinonyl phthalate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 16 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase dinonyl phthalate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Dinonyl phthalate does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Dinonyl phthalate was found in aquatic organisms June to Sept 1999 from False Harbor, Vancouver, British Columbia; green algae (Enteromorpha intestinalis) 2.96 ng/g lipid and brown algae (Nereocysitis luetkeana, Fucus gardneri) 2.12 ng/g lipid(1).

Dinonyl phthalate was found in 1 domestic sewages at 332 ug/kg and not detected in another 3 domestic sewages; 1 domestic sewage with storm runoff and small industrial effluent was undetected for dinonyl phthalate and 5 domestic sewages with storm runoff and small industrial effluent had 1583, 656, 562, 299, and 287 ug/kg of dinonyl phthalate; 2 domestic sewages with storm runoff and large industrial effluent had 464 and 661 ug/kg of dinonyl phthalate(1).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of dinonyl phthalate can be estimated to be 6.6X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dinonyl phthalate is expected to be immobile in soil. In sterile microcosms containing lake water and sediment, approximately 80% of di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate partitioned to sediment(3).

Dinonyl phthalate was analyzed for in aquatic organisms June to Sept 1999 from False Harbor, Vancouver, British Columbia (species, concn in ng/g lipid): blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) 2.25, Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1.71, geoduck clams (Panope abrupta) 3.19, manila clams (Tapes philippinarum) 1.89, dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) 1.58, purple seastar (Pisaster ochraccus) not detected, juvenile shiner perch (Cyrnatogaster aggragata) 1.08, Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) 0.54, pile perch (Rhacochilus vacca) 1.87, striped seaperch (Embiotoca lateralis) 1.95, Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) 2.39, English sole (Pleuronectes ventulus) not detected, white-spotted greenling (Hexogrammos stelleri) 1.54, spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) muscle 0.34, liver 0.51, embryo not detected, surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) not detected, and plankton (composite of phytoplankton, zooplankton and other pelagic invertebrates) 3.33(1).

Dinonyl phthalate's production and use as a general purpose, low volatility plasticizer for vinyl resins and use as a stationary liquid phase in chromatography(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dinonyl phthalate, added to a semi-continuous activated sludge apparatus at 5, 10, and 20 mg added per 24 hr, underwent 52%, 48%, and 54% degradation, respectively, under aerobic conditions(1,2). When dinonyl phthalate was incubated with pure cultures of Pseudomonas acidovorans under aerobic conditions, the initial degradation products were phthalic acid and nonyl alcohol(3). Di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate had a half-life of 6 to 8 days in river die-away tests(4). In active microcosms containing lake water and sediment, 40 to 48% of (14)C-di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl)phthalate radioactivity was evolved as carbon dioxide over a 41 day period; after six weeks no residual (14)C-di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate was found in the water column and only 2 to 6% was associated with sediments(4). In semi-continuous activated sludge tests, a primary degradation half-life of <1 day at an addition rate of 5 to 200 mg/L per 24-hour cycle was observed for di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate(4). In shake flask studies using an acclimated bacterial inoculum, an ultimate biodegradation half-life of 5 days was observed for di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L(4). 98% Biodegradation of di(heptyl,nonyl,undecyl) phthalate was observed over a period of 28 days in shake flask tests using an acclimated inoculum consisting of soil and sewage microorganisms(5).

ANAEROBIC: Dinonyl phthalate was microbially transformed by activated sludge under anaerobic conditions(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for dinonyl phthalate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 9.52(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for dinonyl phthalate is estimated as 1.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dinonyl phthalate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.6 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 47 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 190 years when adsorption is considered(3). Dinonyl phthalate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Dinonyl phthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.1X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dinonyl ester is included on this list. Effective date 10/04/82; Sunset date 10/04/92.