Dutasteride

Pharmaceuticals -> Genito-urinary system and sex hormones -> Urologicals

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

Insoluble

9.08e-04 g/L

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Danger

H351 (15.8%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 19 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Dutasteride has been associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations that, in controlled trials, was no higher than with placebo therapy. These elevations were transient and rarely required dose modification. There have been no published reports of clinically apparent liver injury due to dutasteride therapy.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Dutasteride

vNo-DILI-concern

0

No match

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

G04CB02

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones

QG - Genito urinary system and sex hormones

Dutasteride is a synthetic 4-azasteroid compound that selectively inhibits both the type I and type II isoforms of steroid 5α-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Dutasteride works by reducing the levels of circulating DHT. It was also shown to reduce the size of the prostate gland, improve urinary flow, and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia alone or in combination with tamsulosin. The effect of the reduction of DHT by dutasteride is dose-dependent, with the maximum effect observed within 1-2 weeks following initial administration. After 1 and 2 weeks of daily dosing with dutasteride 0.5 mg, median serum DHT concentrations were reduced by 85% and 90%, respectively. The serum concentrations of DHT were maintained to be decreased by more than 90% in 85% of patients following 1 years' administration of oral dutasteride 0.5 mg/day. As evident from the clinical studies, dutasteride may also cause decreases in serum PSA in the presence of prostate cancer.

The 5α-reductase is a nuclear-bound steroid intracellular enzyme primarily located in the prostatic stromal cell that converts the androgen testosterone into the more active metabolite, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is considered to be the primary androgen playing a role in the initial development and subsequent enlargement of the prostate gland. It serves as the hormonal mediator for the hyperplasia upon accumulation within the prostate gland. DHT displays a higher affinity towards androgen receptors in the prostate gland compared to testosterone and by acting on the androgen receptors, DHT modulates genes that are responsible for cell proliferation. Responsible for the synthesis of approximately one-third of circulating DHT, type I 5α-reductase is predominant in the sebaceous glands of most regions of skin, including the scalp, and liver. The type II 5a-reductase isozyme is primarily found in the prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymides, and hair follicles as well as liver, and is responsible for two-thirds of circulating DHT. Due to its dual inhibition of both isoenzymes of 5α-reductase, dutasteride causes a near-complete suppression of DHT. Compared to a 70% reduction of serum DHT levels caused by [finasteride], a near-complete suppression of serum DHT-more than 90% is seen with dutasteride. By forming a stable complex with both type I and type II 5α-reductase, dutasteride inhibits its enzymatic action of converting testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is the androgen primarily responsible for the initial development and subsequent enlargement of the prostate gland. It is proposed that DHT is the principal androgen responsible for prostatic growth in later life-normal masculinization of the external genitalia and maturation of the prostate gland during development-thus reducing the serum DHT levels results in reduced prostatic volume and increased epithelial apoptosis. Dutasteride is a competitive and specific inhibitor of both Type I and Type II 5α-reductase isoenzymes and when evaluated under _in vitro_ and _in vivo_ conditions, the dissociation of the drug from the drug-enzyme complex is reported to be extremely slow. Dutasteride does not bind to the human androgen receptor.