| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.6% (1 of 173) of reports.DangerH301 (93.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 173 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Benzene, 1-chloro-2-nitro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityStatus: Active Update: 16-03-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/20022-Chloronitrobenzene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | Evaluation - Benzene, 1-chloro-2-nitro- (2-chloronitrobenzene) |
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| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
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| Brandgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Ignites at high temperatures with evolution of nitrogen oxide and chloride fumes.Combustible. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air. |
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| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:INHALATION: Headache, languour, anemia. Irritation of nose and throat, cyanosis, shallow respiration, convulsions, and coma. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Irritation. INGESTION: Forms methemoglobin giving rise to cyanosis and blood changes. (USCG, 1999) |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | Crystals may cause severe skin burns. [HSDB] Listed in a table of Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is the Principal Cause of Toxicity[ACGIH] In the United Kingdom between 1961 and 1980, chloroaniline, p-toluidine, nitrobenzene, and nitrochlorobenzene were the most common industrial causes of methemoglobinemia. Dermal exposure was a more frequent route of toxicity than inhalation with these compounds. (Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988.) Can cause methemoglobinemia after acute exposure and anemia and liver damage after chronic exposure[ICSC] |
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| Reaktive Gruppe | Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic |
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| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: II |
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| Special Reports | DHHS/NTPNTP Technical Report on Toxicity Studies of 2-Chloronitrobenzene and 4-Chloronitrobenzene Administered by Inhalation to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. Toxicity Rpt Series No.33 NIH Publication No. 93-3382 (1993) |
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| Reactivity Profile | Organonitrate compounds range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents. The explosive tendencies of aromatic nitro compounds are increased by the presence of multiple nitro groups.O-NITROCHLOROBENZENE is incompatible with strong bases and strong oxidizing agents. It will react with ammonia. (NTP, 1992) |
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| Luftstandards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. o-Chloronitrobenzene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
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| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes on burning. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes of nitrogen oxides, chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials. |
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| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical (Water or foam may cause frothing). (USCG, 1999)Use water spray, dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
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| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
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| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
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| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. |
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| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or end of shift |
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| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Water may cause foaming or frothing. Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. /chloronitrobenzenes/If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Chloronitrobenzenes, ortho, liquid/ |
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| Lagerbedingungen | Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkalies and oxidizing materials. /chloronitrobenzenes/Containers should be tightly sealed, and is preferably stored in a cool and dark place. |
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| Reinigungsverfahren | Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Chloronitrobenzenes, ortho, liquid/Environmental considerations-water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Chloronitrobenzenes, ortho, liquid/Environmental considerations-air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Chloronitrobenzenes, ortho, liquid/ |
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| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
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| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. |
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| Preventive Measures | SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM TO PREVENT HEALTH IMPAIRMENT DUE TO EXPOSURE TO AROMATIC NITRO-COMPOUNDS REQUIRES EXPOSURE CONTROL AND MEDICAL SUPERVISION MEASURES.If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Chloronitrobenzenes, ortho, liquid/Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions. /Chloronitrobenzenes, ortho, liquid/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50 Daphnia magna /(Water flea)/ 12 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/LC50 Oryzias latipes /(Japanese medaka)/ 28 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea)Conditions: freshwater, staticConcentration: 49000 ug/L for 48 hr />99.9% purity/Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, <24 hr old)Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8.2, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >6.5 mg/LConcentration: 24000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 18000-32000 ug/L) />99% purity/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZENE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 316(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.018 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Screening tests using activated sludge(5), suggest biodegradation of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene proceeds slowly in soil.AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 316(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 80 hours and 40 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 7.0-22.3 measured in fish(6), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Screening tests using river water(7) and activated sludge(6), suggest biodegradation of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene proceeds slowly in water. Weak absorption of UV light greater than 290 nm in methanol indicates potential for photolysis of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in sunlit surface water(8).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene , which has a vapor pressure of 0.018 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 94 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Weak absorption of UV light greater than 290 nm by 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in methanol indicates the potential for photolysis by sunlight of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in air(4). |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
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| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion. |
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| Toxizitätsübersicht | Human Health: After single oral application 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is toxic to moderate toxic ...the acute inhalative and dermal toxicity is moderate ...: Cyanotic appearance was the predominant symptom for all routes of application. ... 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene caused slight irritation effects to the eyes of rabbits, which were reversible within 24 hours. Due to the limited and poor quality information available regarding skin sensitization, it cannot be concluded whether or not the chemical has a sensitizing activity. Target organs of repeated dose toxicity in rats and mice are blood, liver, kidney and spleen with methemogobinemia as the most sensitive parameter. The repeated dose toxicity was examined in rats and in mice for a period of 13 weeks via whole body inhalation. The NOAEL in rats was not achieved, the LOAEL is 1.1 ppm (7 mg/cu m). In mice, increased liver and kidney weights were observed even at 1.1 ppm and respectively 2.3 ppm. The NOAEL for histopathological injury in mice is 4.5 ppm (28.8 mg/cu m). In a subacute feeding study with mice the NOAEL was 50 ppm (males: 16 mg/kg bw/dayfemales: 24 mg/kg bw/day). 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene showed weak mutagenic activity in bacterial test systems but not in mammalian cell test systems in vitro. It was not mutagenic in Drosophila melanogaster . In mammalian cells in vitro, it showed weak clastogenic activity. The substance induced increased rates of Sister Chromatid Exchanges, whereas the biological relevance of this effect is not yet clear. Intraperitoneal injection into mice resulted in DNA damage in the liver and kidney. The inconsistent results of the available genotoxic studies are typical for nitroaromatics. As a whole 1- chloro-2-nitrobenzene is suspected of being genotoxic, at least a weak clastogen. 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene induced tumors in different organs of rats and in the liver of mice. Based on the available studies, which have methodological deficiencies, there is a concern for a carcinogenic potential of 1-chloro-2- nitrobenzene. Following inhalative exposure of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice for 13 weeks, only in males 1- chloro-2-nitrobenzene affects the reproductive organs. Performance of a specific study on toxicity to reproduction (NTP continuous breeding protocol) reveals that 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene was without reproductive toxicity in a different mice strain following oral treatment by gavage despite of significant changes in liver and spleen weight and despite of elevated methaemoglobin levels. Thus, the NOAEL fertility in Swiss CD-1 mice after oral application is 160 mg/kg bw/day whereas the dams showed general toxicity effects at this concentration. Because 1-choro-2- nitrobenzene affected the reproductive organs in systemic toxic doses in male rats and in males of one strain of mice after subchronic inhalation there is a concern for a reproductive toxicity potential, even if an impairment of reproduction after oral administration in males of a second strain of mice could not be detected. Developmental toxicity was examined by two studies with Sprague-Dawley rats which have methodology deficiencies. In one study, due to high mortality rate at the highest dose level, only two doses could be evaluated. NOAEL maternal toxicity is 25 mg/kg bw/day, a NOAEL developmental toxicity could not be conclusively derived since there was an increase in the number of litters exhibiting specific skeletal variations. In the second study only one dose was applied: NOAEL developmental toxicity is 100 mg/kg bw/day, a NOAEL maternal toxicity could not be derived. Based on the available studies the overall conclusion is, that there is no indication of developmental toxicity, although there are some limitations within the studies. Environment: ... The acute toxicity has been determined for: fish (Cyprinus carpio) with a 96 hr-LC50 of 25.5 mg/Ldaphnia (Daphnia magna) with a 24 hr-EC50of 12 mg/L and a 48 hr-EC50 of 23.9 mg/L, and Daphnia carinata with a 48 hr-EC50 of 21.3 mg/Lalgae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) with a 96 hr-EbC50 of 6.9 mg/L. With another alga species (Secendesmus subspicatus) a 48 hr-ErC50 of 75 mg/L and a 48h-ErC10 of 19 mg/L was found. Chronic toxicity has been tested for Daphnia magna with a 21 d-NOEC of 3 mg/L on reproduction (measured concentration) and for fish (Pimephales promelas) in an Early Life Stage Test with a 33 d-NOEC of 0.264 mg/L concerning the endpoint normal larvae (measured concentration). A PNECaqua of 0.026 mg/L is derived using an assessment factor of 10. In a test with terrestrial plants a 14 d-EC50 in the range of 3.2 - 10 mg/kg soil dry weight was determined for Lactuca sativa regarding the endpoint of growth. APNECsoil of 3.2 ug/kg bw was derived from this value using an assessment factor of 1000. |
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| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ An Early Life Stage Test was conducted in an analytically monitored flow through system with Pimephales promelas. In a first step 50 embryos were tested on hatchability and development after 4-5 days of incubation. In a second step 15 randomly selected frys from the initial egg cups where observed on their further development for 33 days. The 33 day-NOEC was determined ... to be 0.264 mg/L based on the endpoint 'normal larvae' related to the hatched larvae. The review of the raw data of the study shows that at the next higher test concentration of 0.530 mg/L a statistically significant effect compared to the control could be observed, however, there is no dose-effect relation for this endpoint at higher test concentrations. The highest test concentration of 3.9 mg/L shows less normal larvae after hatch with a deviation of 7% compared to the control. Apart from that regarding the endpoint 'normal larvae related to initial embryos' no effect at any concentration can be seen. Regarding 'weight' and 'length' of the fry, at both endpoints a deviation to the control of >5% can be seen at a concentration of 2.04 mg/L. Also for this endpoint there is no dose-effect relationship seen at the next higher concentration. As statistically significant effects for the endpoint "normal larvae" were seen at concentrations above 0.264 mg/L... ./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Twenty-one-day Daphnia reproduction tests were conducted in line with the provisional procedure proposed by the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt, FRG), as of Jan 1, 1984. Groups of 20, 24-hr old Daphnia magna Straus were exposed to 0.125 to 16 mg/L 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in semi-static test vessels. Parent animals in the test and control vessels had to be pipetted 3 times/week in freshly prepared test and control media at the corresponding concentration level. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined from the parameters of mortality of the parent animals, reproduction rate and appearance of the first offspring during the test period. In preliminary acute Daphnia tests, the 24 hr EC50 was 12 mg/L for 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene, the EC0 was 5.0 mg/L. The nominal 21-day no observed effect concentration was 4.0 mg/L. |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness.MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.Redness. |
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| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=88-73-3] |
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| Effluent Concentrations | 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene has been identified in advanced waste treatment water in Orange County, CA(1). 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-chloronitrobenzene have been identified in the effluent from 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene production at a concentration of 1,500-1,800 mg/L(2). |
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| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. |
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| Medical Surveillance | Medical surveillance is based first of all on pre-employment examinations aimed at detecting susceptible persons with red cell glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase defect and/or sickle-cell trait... periodical examinations should include history, medical observation, blood pressure, pulse, weight, blood and urine analysis and liver function tests as appropriate. Additional blood and urine specimens are collected whenever unusually hazardous conditions or known exposures have been encountered. |
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| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene can be estimated to be 316(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). |
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| UN-Transportnummer | UN 3409 6.1/PG II (CHLORONITROBENZENES, LIQUID) |
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| Gefahrenklasse | 6.1 |
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| Verpackungsgruppe | II |
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