4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenon

Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Aromatics (Nitrogen)

Carcinogens

WHITE TO GREENISH LEAFLETS

LEAF IN ALCOHOL, NEEDLES IN BENZENE

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)

PRACTICALLY INSOL IN WATER; SOL IN ALCOHOL, WARM BENZENE, VERY SLIGHTLY SOL IN ETHER

VERY SOL IN PYRIMIDINE

greater than 680 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

ABOVE 360 °C WITH DECOMP

342 °F (NTP, 1992)

172 °C

179 °C

Michler's ketone appears as white to greenish crystalline leaflets or blue powder. (NTP, 1992)

White to greenish solid; [Merck Index] May also be in the form of a blue solid; [CHEMINFO] Light blue powder; [MSDSonline]

Danger

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P203, P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, P317, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H318 (100%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P203, P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, P317, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Methanone, bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Substance: 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (Michler’s ketone)

4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

MAK-2 (considered to be carcinogenic for man because sufficient data from long-term animal studies or limited evidence from animal studies substantiated by evidence from epidemiological studies indicate that it can make a significant contribution to cancer risk); [MAK] A skin, eye, mucous membrane, and respiratory tract irritant; [CAMEO] An irritant; [MSDSonline]

DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of Michler's Ketone for Possible Carcinogenicity (1979) Technical Rpt Series No. 181 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 79-1737

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Michler's Ketone (4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone) (90-94-8) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s113mich.pdf]

Eye Dam. 1 (100%)

Carcinogenicity - category 1B

Germ cell mutagenicity - Category 2

Carcinogenicity - Category 1B

Carcinogenicity - Category 1B

Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

1.2 [mg/m3]

13 [mg/m3]

79 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=90-94-8]

Michler’s ketone [4,4´-Bis(dimethylamino)­benzophenone]

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 99: (2010) Some Aromatic Amines, Organic Dyes, and Related Exposures

2010

2008

Michler's ketone

A bioassay for the possible carcinogenicity of technical grade Michler's ketone was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations, the groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. Twenty animals of each sex and species were placed on test as controls. The high and low dietary concentrations of Michler's ketone were respectively, 500 and 250 ppm for male rats, 1000 and 500 ppm for female rats, and 2500 and 1250 ppm for mice of both sexes. The compound was administered to rats and mice for 78 weeks. There were significant positive associations between the concentrations of Michler's ketone administered and mortality in rats and mice of both sexes ... and /in/ the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas in both sexes of rats and in female mice and hemangiosarcomas in male mice. In all of these cases the high dose to control Fischer exact comparison was also significant. Under the conditions of this bioassay, dietary administration of Michler's ketone was carcinogenic to male and female Fischer 344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice, causing hepatocellular carcinomas, and to male B6C3F1 mice, causing hemangiosarcomas.

0.00025

CALEPA

0.86

CALEPA

Used to make dyes and pigments; [Merck Index] Used to dye paper, textiles, and leather; Also used in printing inks and photosensitizer formulations; [CHEMINFO]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

SYNTHESIS OF AURAMINE DERIVATIVES

Used in the manufacture of at least 13 dyes and pigments: C.I. (Colour Index) Acid Blue 34; C.I. Acid Blue 86; C.I. Acid Blue 88; C.I. Acid Violet 15; C.I. Acid Violet 38; Acid Violet 2B; C.I. Basic Orange 23; C.I. Basic Violet 3; C.I. Basic Yellow 2; Ceres Blue I; Fanal Blue 3B supra; C.I. Solvent Violet 9; and C.I. Solvent Yellow 34.

(1972) 5.48X10+5 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1975) 2.00X10+7 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 1.36X10+6 G

(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 9.08X10+5 G

CONDENSATION OF DIMETHYLANILINE WITH PHOSGENE IN THE PRESENCE OF ZINC CHLORIDE

... FROM DIMETHYLANILINE & PHOSGENE /OR/ FROM DIMETHYLANILINE, ALUMINUM CHLORIDE & CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.