Fenoprop

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire ... .

WATER, FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE OR DRY CHEMICAL.

... A mobile unit for detox and decontamination of water soluble organics spilled in water includes the use of activated carbon. Activated carbon effectively removes ... silvex ... /SRP: dependent on pH/ ... however, if other organic cmpds are present at the spill site, competition for activated carbon may prevent complete absorption ... adequate contact with carbon can alleviate ... this problem.

1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation, or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing 2,4,5-T should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /2,4,5-T/

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liq or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concn, apply activated carbon at 10 times the spilled amt. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants & precipitates.

If at all possible sprayer should be used for phenoxies only. If absolutely necessary, sprayer may be cleaned by repeated washes with detergent followed by dilute alkali followed by many flushings with water. Rubber hoses & gaskets are difficult if not impossible to clean; esters of the phenoxies tend to be absorbed by rubber & cannot be removed by any type of cleaning.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:；Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust. Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.；SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F027 & D017, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

... Several alternative means of disposal ... were evaluated ... led to the selection of at-sea incineration aboard a chemical waste incineration ship as the preferred alternative disposal action.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for silvex: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TP (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For several good reasons, .... herbicides ... should be handled and applied only with full attention to safety measures that minimize personal contact. Many formulations contain adjuvants (stabilizers, penetrants, surfactants) that may have significant irritating and toxic effects. A number of premixed formulations contain two or more active ingredients; the companion pesticides may be more toxic than the principal herbicide. Good hygienic practice should not be disregarded just because a pesticide is reported to have a high LD50 in laboratory rodents.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes, & clothing.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources & sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.

Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap & water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

2.0 [mg/m3]

21 [mg/m3]

130 [mg/m3]

Self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber gloves, hats, suits and boots, and goggles. (USCG, 1999)

Self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber gloves, hats, suits & boots, & goggles.

Respirator selection: Upper limit devices recommended by OSHA: Up to 50 mg/cu m: any dust and mist respirator except single-use respirators; 100 mg/cu m: any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators or any supplied air respirator or any self-contained breathing apparatus; 250 mg/cu m: any supplied air respirator operated in a continuous flow or any powered air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter; 500 mg/cu m: any air-purifying full facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece or any powered air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece or any supplied-air respirator with tight-fitting facepiece operated in a continuous flow mode; 5000 mg/cu m: any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece & operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode; Emergency or planned entry in unknown concn or IDLH conditions: any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece & operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece & operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode; Escape: any air-purifying full facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter or any appropriate escape-type self-contained breathing apparatus. /2,4,5-T/

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots & goggles. /2,4,5-TP esters/

2,4,5-TP was detected in 0.2% of human urine samples with a maximum concentration of 3.2 ug/L, based on analysis of 416-418 samples collected from the general US population via the Health and Nutritional Examination Survey II, National Center for Health Statistics(1). 2,4,5-TP was not detected in 6,846-6,936 human urine samples in a national survey from the general population run from 1976-1980 via the Health and Nutritional Examination Survey II, National Center for Health Statistics(2).

LD50 Odocoileus hemionus (mule deer) oral < 400 ppm, females, 42 mo old, sample purity: analytical grade.

LD50 Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) oral >2000 mg/kg, males, 3-4 months old, sample purity: analytical grade.

LC50 Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) oral > 5000 ppm (5-day diet), test age 12 days.

LC50 Phasianus colchicus (ring-necked pheasant) approx 4500 ppm (5-day feeding test).

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TP (42 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 74 and 107(2), indicate that 2,4,5-TP is expected to have slight to high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,4,5-TP is 2.84(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of 2,4,5-TP from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because anions do not volatilize. 2,4,5-TP is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). 2,4,5-TP exhibited biodegradation half-lives in soil of 8(6) to 290 days(7), suggesting that biodegradation in soil is variable depending on soil type(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: An average half-life of 17 days was observed in soils from Oklahoma(1). 2,4,5-T was added at a concentration of 2.47 ppm to three soils (Ouachita Highlands Forest - 54.5% sand, 29% silt, 15.5% clay, 11.0 meq/100 g CEC, 3.3% OM; Ouachita Highlands Grassland - 50.0% sand, 28.5% silt, 16.5% clay, 8.5 meq/100 g CEC, 2.8% OM; Cross Timbers Forest - 54.5% sand, 31.5% silt, 18.5% clay, 12.0 meq/100 g CEC, 3.8% OM) and incubated at 18-24 °C and maintained on 16/8 hour light/dark cycles daily. Soils were sampled at 0, 20, 40, 80 and 100 days. The half-lives for each soil were 21, 14 and 15 days in Ouachita Highlands forest, grassland and Cross Timbers forest soils, respectively(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 74 and 107(2), indicate that 2,4,5-TP is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 2.84(3) indicates 2,4,5-TP will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 58(6) suggests the bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). No biodegradation of 2,4,5-TP was observed after 50 days incubation in fresh water(7) suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4,5-TP, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4,5-TP is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 35 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2,4,5-TP may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

2,4,5-TP was detected in 7 large fruit samples in the US in samples taken from Jul 1, 1969-June 30, 1976(1). Spraying the ground cover and bases of apple tree trunks in orchards at a rate of 4.5 kg/ha as four different formulations of esters will not result in detectable residue levels of 2,4,5-TP in the apples(2). A survey of 36 markets in 25 cities representing 5 geographical regions, June 1965 to April 1966 resulted in 2 positive detections in dairy products in Boston, MA at 0.018-0.029 ppm(3). 2,4,5-TP was analyzed and found in a 1978 to 1982 pesticide residue monitoring study in food (positive samples not identified)(4).

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.；IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

The highest concn of silvex in milk of cows fed the compound at a dietary level of 1000 ppm for 2 wk or more was 0.12 ppm. The residue decreased after the cows returned to uncontaminated feed.

ENVIRONMENTAL: 2,4,5-TP was detected not qunatified in 13 fluid milk samples in 1970 and 1971(1).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /in Mallard (LD50 oral >2000 mg/kg) and mule deer (LD50 <400 mg/kg)/: Mallards-- ataxia, imbalance and tremors; Deer-- tenseness, jitteriness, and anorexia. Sign appeared in mallards as soon as 45 min and remission took up to 45 days. The doe died during the night after treatment.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Slight effects on algae resulted from 25-250 ppm doses of Silvex, oxygen evolution was reduced and growth inhibited.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ At high concentrations (100-1000 mg/L) in the water supply of honeybees, several formulations of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D and fenoprop prevented or severely inhibited brood production (both egg laying and larval development).

2,4,5-TP was identified in runoff from a polluted area leading into a sewage treatment plant in Sweden(1). In a survey of Ontario treatment plants 2,4,5-TP was detected in 23 of 227 samples, corresponding to 14 of 28 secondary water treatment plants with a maximum concn of 2.90 mg/L, in 2 of 10 samples at one tertiary treatment plant with a maximum concn of 0.1 ug/L, and in 18 of 50 treated sludge samples, corresponding to 15 of 34 plants tested with a maximum concn of 1264.8 ug/kg(2). 2,4,5-TP was below EPA tolerance level in all samples taken Sep 19, 1970, April 9 and Sep 10, 1980, and April 14 and Sep 3, 1981 from Brookings Municipal Landfill, SD(3). Of 237 wells sampled in 1969 to 1978 in Ontario, Canada 3 wells were found to be contaminated with 2,4,5-TP, sources included concentrated spills, diluted spills and spray drift(4). 2,4,5-TP was not detected in municipal landfill leachates in FL and TX, was present but not quantified in OR and WI, and was found at 6-10 ug/L in NJ and 1-5 ug/L in UT(5). 2,4,5-TP was found in 2.4% of CERCLA samples and 1.4% of RCRA samples analyzed from 1981 through 1984(6). 2,4,5-TP was not detected in EPA regions 1, 3, 4, and 9, not tested in EPA region 2, 5, and 7, and detected in EPA regions 6, 8, and 10 at 2.6, 1.4, and 15.4% of disposal sites, respectively; data generated from routine monitoring conducted in the US between 1981 and 1986(7).

2(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4,5-TP)

Hepatic

8 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

Log Koc values for 2,4,5-TP have been reported as 1.87 and 2.03(1), giving Koc values of 74 and 107. According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that 2,4,5-TP will have high mobility in soil(SRC). 2,4,5-TP had sorption values of 2.7-5.9 mg/kg at different conditions in soil with a pH of 7.4, and sorption values of 0.2-1.1 mg/kg in soil with a pH of 8.2(3). 2,4,5-TP had reported sorption coefficients of 308-9016 mL/g(4). 2,4,5-TP is expected to be negatively charged and will not be readily absorbed making it more mobile in soil(5). The pKa of 2,4,5-TP is 2.84(6), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(7).

Hazard Traits - Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Nephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary System；Authoritative List - CA MCLs；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

2002/2076

F027; As stated in 40 CFR 261.31, discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulation containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing hexachlorophene synthesized from prepurified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as the sole component.)

D017; A solid waste containing 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

Criteria of concern: Oncogenicity, mutagenicity, fetotoxicity. Action/Use affected: Cancelled, all products. Reference: PR Notice 70-22 September 28, 1970; 44 FR 15917 March 15, 1979; 44 FR 41536 July 17, 1979; 48 FR 48434 October 18, 1983. Ruling by an Administrative Law Judge, January 2, 1985.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.5 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

2,4,5-TP acid is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

(AZ) ARIZONA 52 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 50 ug/L

Used as industrial, commercial, and agricultural herbicide for rice, sugarcane, maize, orchards, pasture, rangeland, lawns, turf, and aquatic areas; [HSDB]

Banned for most uses by the EPA in 1979 emergency action; All US registration cancelled in 1985; Banned for use in Italy in 1970; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For 2,4,5-TP (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 082501) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

In March 1985, the EPA terminated all registrations for the use of this herbicide on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland and other noncrop sites. This follows the 1979 emergency action of the agency in banning almost all uses of the pesticide ... .

For Silvex (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 082501) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

It was concluded at Stockholm Conference, Feb 7-9, 1977, that the only dioxin found in phenoxy acid herbicides which is of environmental concern is TCDD /2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/; it is found in 2,4,5-T & 2,4,5-TP. /SRP: there are other known toxic chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans, also original phenols used in synthesis./ /Phenoxy acid herbicides/

Commercial 2,4,5-TP contains 0.1 ppm or less of highly toxic TCDD /2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/.

... Dioxins ... still are present /but to lesser extent/ as impurities in commercial preparations of the trichlorophenoxy herbicides. /Trichlorophenoxy herbicides/

It is available as the amine as well as sodium salts & various esters. /Former/

... KUROSOL SI (A FORMULATION CONTAINING THE POTASSIUM SALT OF 2,4,5-TP @ 60%, OR THE EQUIV OF 2,4-TP @ 53%) ... . /Former/

Grades of purity: 59 to 65% emulsifiable concentration 10.4% amine salt solution 98%. /Former/

Mixed formulations: fenoprop + 2,4-D; mecoprop; propanil. /Former/

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TP (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies 2,4,5-TP (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

Silvex acid is purified in the lab by repeated recrystallization from solvents such as toluene, xylene, or ethylene dichloride.

EPA has suspended registration of silvex for certain uses, including forestry, rights-of-way and pasture usage. This suspension was based on the fact that the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and/or silvex contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin produced fetotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects in test animals.

USA manufacture of silvex discontinued in 1984.

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TP (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.