Arsenic trisulfide

Fire and explosion hazards: Yields flammable hydrogen sulfide on contact with strong acids.

Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use flooding quantities of water as spray. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for ARSENIC TRISULFIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, oxidizing materials, halogens.

Protect container against physical damage. Store in well ventilated area away from food or food products and combustible materials. /Inorganic arsenic cmpd/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental consideration: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7). Add ferric chloride (FeCl3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

ARSENIC SULFIDE SLUDGE IS MELTED IN A MELTING APPARATUS UNDER A NONOXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE FOR STORAGE OR DISPOSAL.

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater + Pure Compound; Results of Study: 5ppm @ 4gpm @ pH= 7.0. Iron system-90% reduction; low lime system-80% reduction; high lime system-76% reduction; (3 coagulant systems were used; Iron system used 45 ppm as Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 @ pH= 6.0. Low lime system used 20 ppm Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 and 260 ppm of CaO @ pH= 10.0. High lime system used 600 ppm of CaO @ pH= 11.5. Chemical coagulation was followed by multimedia filtration). /Arsenic cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Full Scale Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: Effluent character (ppb): 2.5, 56% reduction with lime; 3.3, 24% reduction with lime; (lime dose of 350-400 ppm as calcium oxide @ pH= 11.3). /Arsenic cmpd/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with arsenic trisulfide is anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

WELL VENTILATED & ALL POISONOUS FUME ... CONDENSED & DUST CONTENT REMOVED. ... EXHAUST HOODS ... WORKTABLES ... EQUIPPED WITH DOWN-DRAUGHT ... VENTILATION. /ARSENIC CMPD/

IN ... /FACTORIES/ WITH ARSENIC HAZARD, FLOORS ... SHOULD BE ... IMPERMEABLE ... TO PREVENT ABSORPTION & ... FLUSHED DOWN FREQUENTLY WITH WATER. /ARSENIC CMPD/

Lockers should be provided with separate compartments for work & personal clothes, & adjacent sanitary facilities of a high standard should be made available. Smoking, eating, & drinking at the workplace should not be allowed. /Arsenic & cmpd/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ARSENIC TRISULFIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)

LC50 WHITE SHRIMP 500 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 GRASS SHRIMP 500 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 FATHEAD MINNOW 500 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 82,400 ug/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ARSENIC TRISULFIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

ARSENIC POISONING FOUND IN 74 PT IN SINGAPORE OVER 15-MO PERIOD. 70% WERE CHRONIC, 64% CAUSED BY LOCAL ANTI-ASTHMATIC HERBAL PREPN CONTAINING 12,000 PPM INORG ARSENIC SULFIDE. SYSTEMIC INVOLVEMENT CONFINED TO: SKIN 91%, NERVOUS SYSTEM 51%, GI SYSTEM 23% & BLOOD 23%.

ANALYSIS OF RETICULOCYTES FOR DELTA-AMINO-LEVULINIC ACID SYNTHASE (AMLEV SYNTHASE) AND HEME SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN WORKERS IN PULP PRODUCTION WITH LOW-LEVEL HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYLMERCAPTAN EXPOSURE SHOWED DECREASED ACTIVITIES. ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN CONCENTRATION WAS BELOW THE CONTROL RANGE IN 7 CASES. LOW AMLEV SYNTHASE AND HEME SYNTHASE ACTIVITIES WERE FOUND IN 1 PATIENT WITH HYDROGEN SULFIDE INTOXICATION 1 WEEK AFTER THE EVENT. THE ACTIVITIES HAD RETURNED TO THE CONTROL LEVELS 2 MONTHS LATER, THOUGH ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN REMAINED ABNORMALLY LOW. IN VITRO, HYDROGEN SULFIDE INHIBITED HEME SYNTHASE WITH AN APPARENT KI OF 3.4 MMOL/L. SULFIDE ANION INHIBITED AMLEV

The pure sulfide is said to have a relatively low acute toxicity perhaps because of low water solubility, but it gradually decomp to arsenic trioxide. Still found in several Chinese herbal products which are promoted for the treatment of asthma and other diseases but which cause severe chronic arsenic poisoning.

The pulmonary tumorigenicity of arsenic trisulfide and calcium arsenate was explored following 15 intratracheal instillations in male Syrian golden hamsters at weekly doses of about 3 mg/kg body weight (as arsenic). One lung adenoma appeared in 28 animals examined in the arsenic trisulfide group. No adenomas were seen in 26 animals instilled with the vehicle (0.9% saline solution). The results are inconclusive for arsenic trisulfide.

The carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic compounds was studied in hamsters. Male Syrian golden hamsters were given arsenic trioxide, calcium arsenate, or arsenic trisulfide by intratracheal instillation once a week for 15 weeks. The total doses amounted to 3.75 mg arsenic. The animals were maintained for lifespan observation. During the study period, 77 percent of the hamsters given arsenic trisulfide died. The major cause of death was attributed to pneumonitis resulting from arsenic toxicity. One lung adenoma occurred in 22 animals given arsenic trisulfide. One of 21 controls developed a lung adenosquamous carcinoma. The differences in tumorigenesis rate in the arsenic trisulfide group and the controls were not significant.

Acute oral and ip LD50 values of arsenic trisulfide for mice were 254.3 and 215.1, and for rats 185.0 and 85.8 mg/kg, respectively. The dermal LD50 was 936.0 mg/kg for rats. The threshold of acute toxicity was 0.05 LD50 for rats. A single application to eye caused severe keratoconjuctivitis leading to blindness. The cumulation toxicity was severe. Chronic oral administration of a total dose of 570 mg/kg increased liver arsenic concentration 5 fold in rats. Hypoglycemia and depression of the blood pyruvic acid were most severe in the 1st two wk of the chronic administration of arsenic trisulfide. At the end of the study Hb, and erythro and leukocytes had decreased in the blood, and SH- groups had decreased in the serum and kidneys. Pathological changes were most pronounced in the kidneys, liver, and spleen.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Arsenic trisulfide is included on this list.

(a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

(b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

The owner or operator of each copper converter subject to the provisions of this subpart shall reduce inorganic arsenic emissions to the atmosphere by meeting the following design, equipment, work practice, and operational requirements: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a secondary hood system on each copper converter. Each secondary hood system shall consist of a hood enclosure, air curtain fan(s), exhaust system fan(s), and ductwork that conveys the captured emission to a control device ... (2) Optimize the capture of secondary inorganic arsenic emission by operating the copper converter and secondary hood systems at all times ... . /Inorganic arsenic/

For more Atmospheric Standards (Complete) data for ARSENIC TRISULFIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Arsenic trisulfide is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Arsenic & cmpd/

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated water & contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, & 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/l, 2.2 ng/l, & .22 ng/l, respectively .... For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/ml, 17.5 ng/l, & 1.75 ng/l, respectively. /Arsenic/

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

(AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

10 ug/L /Arsenic/

Maximum Contaminant Level: 0.010 mg/L /Arsenic/