Butyl-2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetat

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/

WATER, FOAM, DRY CHEM, CARBON DIOXIDE. ... WATER OR FOAM MAY CAUSE FROTHING. /2,4,5-T ESTERS/

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/

Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4,5-T cmpd/

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

If material /is not/ involved in a fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/

Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /2,4,5-T/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /2,4,5-T/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4,5-T/

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Wear appropriate chemical protective ... boots and goggles. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/

... Rubber gloves ... /2,4,5-T esters/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 12 mg/l/24 hr (50% emulsion of 2,4,5-T esters) /Conditions of bioassay not given/

LC50 Salmo gairdnerii (rainbow trout) 9.5 mg/l/48 hr (50% emulsion of 2,4,5-T esters) /Conditions of bioassay not given/

A steep hill country area (1.66 ha) of gorse and pasture was sprayed with 2,4,5-T, N-butyl ester (0.72 kg/l solution at an application rate of 300 l/ha) by air. Soil and vegetation samples were collected at regular intervals and a stream at the bottom of the trial area was monitored continuously over 6 mo. Only 0.6% of the applied herbicide entered the stream during the trial, with 0.4% being washed out in the first storm. Measurable traces of the original ester formulation, 2,4,5-T (acid), and the principal breakdown product 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), with a combined avg of about 0.4 mg/kg, were found in pasture vegetation 6 mo after initial application. The persistence of these residues may be a cause of dietary intake by grazing livestock. Soil residues (expressed as butyl ester) persisted throughout the study, principally as 2,4,5-TCP (12-100 ng/g after 185 days), and were also detected from a treatment 1 yr before the trial began (20-90 ng/g). An estimate of the masses of residues and losses 6 days after spraying accounted for about 20% of the applied mass. A significant part of the balance (80%) is thought to have been lost in spray drift.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Under field conditions, the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T should be hydrolyzed in soil to the parent acid in approximately 1 day or less at moisture levels in excess of the wilting point(1). Massive quantities of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T (up to 4,480 kg/ha, the recommended application rates are 0.56 to 17.9 kg/ha(3)) were applied to field plots in three climatically different areas of the US, namely Northwestern Florida, Western Kansas, and Northwestern Utah(2). The soil type and rainfall in the three areas were: sandy loam (0.5% organic matter (OM), pH 5.6), 150 cm; silt loam (1.7% OM, pH 7), 40 cm; and clay loam (1.4% OM, pH 7.8), 15 cm, respectively. After 2 yrs, the acid of 2,4,5-T compromised most of the total residue at all sites, and 90% of that was confined to the top 15 cm of the soil profile. The application of lime, organic matter, or fertilizer did not increase the rate of disappearance. However the incorporation of activated charcoal impeded degradation, probably by binding the herbicide(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: In another experiment involving the fate of massive quantities of 2,4,5-T, n-butyl ester, the herbicide was applied at 560 and 1800 kg/ha to Washington Silt loam (5.0% OM, pH 5.5), Wyoming Clay loam (3.8% OM, pH 7.6) and Mississippi Sandy loam (2.2% OM, pH 4.7) in lysimiters in Pullman, WA(1,2). The analysis did not distinguish between the acid or the ester. Little or no degradation occurred over the first four cool winter months. At the lower application rate, the Washington and Wyoming soils respectively contained 2.4 and 0.5% of the applied ester after 28 months(2). In experiments the following year, residues in Mississippi and Washington soils were reduced to 47.9 and 7.9% after 20 months(2). Most of the residue was found in the top 10 cm; 3.74%, 0.33%, and 2.08% were found in the 10-30 cm depth in the Washington, Wyoming, and Mississippi soils, respectively(2). The experiments indicate that the pesticide is primarily lost by degradation, rather than by leaching or volatilization(SRC). Little or no degradation occurred at the higher level of application(2).

AQUATIC FATE: The 2,4,5-T, n-butyl ester can pollute water from runoff or deposition after spraying operations. It's hydrolysis half-life is 7.5 days at pH 7.5 and 20 °C and considerably longer at lower temperatures(1). The half-life is 1.4 and 12.8 days at pH 8.4 and 5.4, respectively. Hydrolysis is catalyzed by acid or base. The ester will adsorb to humic material in the water column. Humic material not only adsorbs the ester but exerts a pH dependent catalytic effect on the hydrolysis, the result of which would be to retard hydrolysis in basic waters and accelerate it in acid waters. Therefore, the rate of disappearence of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T from natural waters will be dependent on pH and on the amount of humic materials in the water. The half-life is speculative but would probably vary from days to weeks(SRC).

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T, N-BUTYL ESTER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Concentrations of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T in soils and leachates ... were monitored for up to 28 months to characterize the patterns of herbicide mobility in soils under climatic conditions of the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest (USA). ... Soils from Washington, Wyoming, or Mississippi ... treated with 1120 or 5600 kg/ha of a 1:1 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T n-butyl esters in 1976, 1977, or 1978. The winter of 1976-1977 was mild and relatively dry, and little leachate could be collected. Subsequent winters were wet and the soil columns were saturated by the following springs. 2,4-D (< 1 ppm) was found in leachates from Washington and Wyoming soils receiving the herbicide application in 1976 or 1977 and > 30 ppm was found in leachates from Washington soil treated in 1978. 2,4-D (> 10 ppm) was found in leachates from the acidic Mississippi soil receiving high rate of herbicide application in 1977 or 1978. Concentrations of 2,4,5-T in the same leachates were higher for the Washington and Wyoming soils, but lower (than corresponding concentrations of 2,4-D) for the Mississippi soil. In all cases, 96-99% of the undegraded herbicides ... remained in the 0-10 cm soil layer after 2-3 winters, and only 0.14-1.65% of the 2,4,-D and 0.33-3.7% of the 2,4,5-T remaining ... were present in the 10-30 cm depths. Mobility characterization by soil TLC showed that the ester form of both herbicides was relatively immobile, the acid form was less mobile in the Mississippi soil than in Washington and Wyoming soils and 2,4-D was slightly more mobile than 2,4,5-T under corresponding conditions.

2,4,5-T, n-butyl ester is relatively immobile in soil(4). Soil TLC experiments on three soils resulted in average Rf values of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6(4). No Koc values for the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T could be found in the literature. From the reported log octanol/water partition coefficient, 4.81(1), one would estimate a Koc of 9,900(2). The Freundlich constant and exponent, 1/n, for 2,4,5-T, butyl ester on humic acids at pH 7.65 and 4 °C are 16 mol/l adsorbed per g adsorbent and 1.01, respectively(3).

Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with major structural birth defects were assessed using a case-control study. Information regarding military service in Vietnam was obtained from interviews with mothers and fathers of babies in case-control groups and from review of military records. Vietnam veterans, in general, did not have an increased risk of fathering babies with defects (all types combined; relative risk estimate, 0.97). Vietnam veterans who had greater estimated opportunities for agent orange exposure did not seem to be at greater risk for fathering babies with all types of defects combined. However, for a few specific types of defects the estimated risks were higher for subgroups of Vietnam veterans that may have had a greater likelihood of exposure to Agent Orange. These seemingly higher risks could be chance events, the result of some experience in the Vietnam service of the father, or the result of some other unidentified risk factor.

DERMATOLOGICAL & SYSTEMIC EFFECTS IN WORKERS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING OF SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENOLATE, SODIUM SALT & BUTYL ESTER OF 2,4,5-T ARE REPORTED. CHLORACNE, PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA, DISORDERS OF FAT, PORPHYRIN, CARBOHYDRATES, & PLASMA PROTEIN METABOLISM, PERIPHERAL NEURONS, NEURASTHENIC SYNDROME, & ORGANIC AFFECTIONS WERE DETERMINED IN 77 PATIENTS. HYPERPIGMENTATION, HYPERTRICHOSIS, & BULLOSIS ACTINICA & MECHANICA WERE DIGANOSED IN 10 OF THE 11 PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED PORPHYRIN METABOLISM. STEATOSIS & FIBROSIS OF THE LIVER, INCR URINARY EXCRETION OF DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID, INCR PLASMA PROTEIN LEVELS, INCR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY, & WILD HEPATOMEGALLY WERE FOUND. THESE & OTHERS EFFECTS WERE DUE TO 2,3,6,7-TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN, A CONTAMINANT.

The chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man ... . /Chlorophenoxy compounds/

INHALATION OF SPRAY MAY CAUSE BURNING SENSATIONS IN THE NASOPHARYNX & CHEST, & COUGHING MAY RESULT. PROLONGED INHALATION SOMETIMES CAUSES DIZZINESS. /CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T, N-BUTYL ESTER (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The major herbicides sprayed in South Vietnam that contained ester of 2,4,5-T were Orange/Orange II, Purple, and Pink. One gallon of Orange contained approximately 4.6 pounds of the acid equivalent of 2,4,5-T. The specified formulation for Orange was 50% by weight of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T. Assuming one gallon of Orange weighed 10.7 pounds, one gallon of the specified formulation of Orange would contain approximately 5.4 pounds of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T. Therefore, Orange applied at three gallons per acre is estimated to have released a maximum of 13.8 pounds per acre of the acid equivalent of 2,4,5-T and 16.2 pounds per acre of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T per spraying. The actual amount of 2,4,5-T released per acre was probably less than estimated because, actual samples of Orange contained less than 50% by weight of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T. Furthermore, spray drift and volatilization generally reduced the amount deposited per acre. Canopy cover in heavily forested areas would, as in the case of other chemicals, greatly reduce the amount of ester reaching ground level.

The densities of Purple and Pink could not be found in the literature. Assuming the densities of Purple and Pink were similar to Orange, one gallon of Purple or Pink would have weighed approximately 10.7 pounds. The specified formulation of Purple was 30 percent by weight the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T and 20% by weight the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T, so one gallon of the specified formulation of Purple would contain approximately 3.2 pounds of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T and 2.1 pounds of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T. Therefore, Purple applied at 1.5 gallons per acre is estimated to have released a maximum of 4.8 pounds per acre of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T and 3.2 pounds per acre of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T. the specified formulation of Pink was 60% by weight the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T and 40% by weight the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T, so one gallon of the specified formulation of Pink would contain approximately 6.4 pounds of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T and 4.3 pounds of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T. Therefore, Pink applied at 1.5 gallons per acre is estimated to have released a maximum of 9.6 pounds per acre of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T, and 6.5 pounds per acre of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T.

Spray from application of the herbicide or in ambient air as a result of spraying(1), spills(2). 2,4,5-T herbicides are no longer used in the US and Canada(4). Both Agent Orange and Agent Purple contained 50% of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T along with other chlorophenoxyacetate esters(3).

No data on the bioconcentration of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T could be found in the literature. From the log of its octanol/water partition coefficient, 4.8(1), one would estimate a log BCF of 3.43(2). Because of hydrolysis, this bioconcentration potential must be viewed as an upper limit(SRC).

The n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T is one of the more volatile esters of 2,4,5-T (vapor pressure 1.5X10-5 torr at 25 degC(1)) and will slowly volatilize from surfaces such as foliage to which it is applied. Using a Henry's Law constant of 5.6X10-6 atm cu-m/mole calculate from the water solubility, 1.1 mg/l(2) and vapor pressure, one estimates a half-life for volatilization 11.8 days from a model river 1 m deep, flowing at m/sec, and with a 3 m/sec wind)(3).

... RUSSIAN STUDY /REPORTED/ ... TOXIC EFFECTS IN MOTHERS /RATS/ & THEIR PUPS AT EXTREMELY LOW MATERNAL DOSES OF 2,4,5-T BUTYL ESTER & NO-ADVERSE-EFFECT DOSAGE ONLY ONE-THOUSANDTH AS HIGH AS THAT FOUND BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS. THE 2,4,5-T BUTYL ESTER USED ... MAY HAVE BEEN HEAVILY CONTAMINATED WITH TCCD /2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN/, BUT THE REASON FOR THIS LARGE DISCREPANCY IS STILL UNEXPLAINED & SHOULD BE RESOLVED.

SEVENTY PESTICIDES & THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS WERE EVALUATED FOR MUTAGENIC EFFECTS TO 5 STRAINS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM EMPLOYING PROCEDURES DESCRIBED BY AMES. OF THE CHEMICALS TESTED WITHOUT ACTIVATION, BUT NOT YET TESTED AFTER ACTIVATION, 2,4,5-T BUTYL ESTER DEMONSTRATED A WEAK MUTAGENIC RESPONSE.

IN PREGNANT RATS, ADMIN OF 2,4,5-T BUTYL ESTER AT CONCN OF 5, 150, OR 200 MG/KG DECR THE BODY WT & LENGTH OF PUPS. AN INCR IN FETAL DEATHS WAS OBSERVED AT THE 150 MG/KG DOSE LEVEL AS WELL AS HIGH MORTALITY IN MOTHERS. 200 MG/KG WAS HIGHLY POISONOUS. NO TERATOGENIC EFFECTS WERE OBSERVED.

The herbicides 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D induced fetopathy and an increased incidence of skeletal anomalies following single daily oral doses of 100-150 mg/kg to pregnant rats on days 6-15 of gestation. Similar teratogenic effects were detected in trials with butyl, isooctyl, butoxyethanol, and dimethylamine derivatives. The observed skeletal defects were not incompatible with postnatal survival, weight gain and viability of the offspring from treated dams being within control limits. Thus, the postnatal parameters examined appeared to be unrelated to the teratologic potential of these chemicals.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T, N-BUTYL ESTER (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: limited; Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides; From table/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4,5-T/

F027; As stated in 40 CFR 261.31, discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulation containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing hexachlorophene synthesized from prepurified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as the sole component.). /2,4,5-T/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /2,4,5-T Esters/

2,4,5-T Esters are designated as hazardous substances under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. /2,4,5-T Esters/