Chlorhydrin

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

0.005 [ppm]

...MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS...SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL, WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED...

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane will have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane is not expected to be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Data regarding the aerobic biodegradation of 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane in soil are variable; in screening tests, this compound reached 0(4) to 1%(5) of the theoretical BOD in 5 days and 68% of the theoretical BOD in 14 days(6). Under anaerobic conditions, 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane may be resistant to biodegradation; using an acclimated culture, only 26% of the initial 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane concentration was utilized in 90 days(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 3-Chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF value of 0.2(1,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(9,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Data regarding the aerobic biodegradation of 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane in water are inconclusive; in screening tests, this compound reached 0(5) to 1%(6) of the theoretical BOD in 5 days and 68% of the theoretical BOD in 14 days(7). Under anaerobic conditions, 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane may be resistant to biodegradation; using an acclimated culture, only 26% of the initial 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane concentration was utilized in 90 days(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 2 days(3,SRC).

Cough. Sore throat. Further see Ingestion.

See Ingestion.

Redness. Pain.

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane can be estimated to be about 1(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane has very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The effects of acute oral exposure to 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (CPD) by gavage in male Wistar rats (20 in control group (water), 5/treated group, number of treated groups not reported) were determined. CPD (50 mg/kg) was administered orally and the rats were necropsied on the 11th day following dosing. There were differences between treated and control animals only in reduced sperm head counts. There were no significant differences between treated and control animals in the following: clinical observations, histopathology of the testes, and testes weights.

Acute oral toxicity of 2-propenyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane (CAS# 96-24-2) was evaluated using 4 groups of Long-Evans rats (6 per group, sex not indicated) dosed by gavage at levels of 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.20 g/kg bodyweight. The use of controls was not reported. Animals were observed for 10 days post-treatment. Mortalities included 1 at the 0.10 g/kg dose level, 1 at the 0.13 g/kg level, 3 at the 0.16 g/kg level and 6 (all) at the 0.20 g/kg level. All deaths occurred within 48 hours post-treatment. The LD50 was determined to be 0.15 (0.13-0.18) g/kg bodyweight (method not reported). Clinical observations included sluggishness, prostration, flaccid paralysis of head and legs, hypnosis, dyspnea, and moderate lacrimation. Findings upon gross necropsy included irritation of the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, gelatinous pancreatic tissue, enlarged and hyperemic adrenals, granular-looking kidneys, as well as edematous conditions in some the lymphatic and lipoidal tissue of the peritoneum. Microscopic findings included inflammation in the biliary fat; early necrosis and regeneration of the tubular epithelium; and precipitated protein in and dilation of the tubules.

Acute toxicity was evaluated in groups of 6 male Long-Evans rats fed a-monochlorohydrin at dose levels of 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.20 g/kg bw, by gavage, then observed for 10 days. Clinical signs of toxicity first appeared 22 hours after treatment and included prostration, hypnosis, sluggishness, dyspnea, moderate lacrimation, and flaccid paralysis of the head or legs. Rats that survived treatment lost weight during the observation period. The treatment killed 1, 1, 3, and 6 rats from the lowest to highest dose groups, respectively. Rats that died had severe diffuse irritation of the lungs with hemorrhagic lesions and marked pleural effusion; slight to severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tracts with some friable livers; slight ascites; enlarged, hyperemic adrenals; pale, swollen, granular-looking kidneys; gelatinous pancreatic tissue; and occasionally, edematous lymphatic and lipoidal tissue of the peritoneum. Rats that survived treatment had hyperemia of the lungs and granular-looking kidneys. Histological abnormalities included acute inflammation in the hilar fat, and, in the kidneys, early necrosis of the tubular epithelium with precipitated protein in the tubules, and stages of regeneration of epithelium with dilation of tubules and presence of casts. The LD50 value was 0.15 g/kg bw.

A 34 yr old man suffered from fumigant hepatitis after cleaning a tank in which there were traces of dichlorohydrin. In spite of daily plasma exchanges he /expired/ 10 days after exposure. A 27 yr old man with much lighter exposure showed only slight /hepatic/ dysfunction. ... /Dichlorohydrin/

3-Chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane's production and use in dynamite, in the manufacture of dye intermediates, as a rodent chemosterilant(1), a solvent and a chemical intermediate(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

In an aerobic aqueous screening test, 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane, incubated for 2 weeks with a sludge inoculum, reached 68% of the theoretical BOD(1). 3-Chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane, seeded with a wastewater effluent, reached 1% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(2); when retested using an acclimated culture, 0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 5 days(3). 3-Chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane showed poor acclimation, with only 26% utilization, following a 90 day acclimation period in an anaerobic mixed reactor(4).

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 101: (2012) Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-water

2013

2011

An estimated BCF value of 0.2 was calculated for 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.53(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Used as a rodent chemosterilant, solvent (cellulose acetate, glyceryl phthalate resins, and gums), antifreeze agent for dynamite, and chemical intermediate for dyes and other organic chemicals; [HSDB] Found as a contaminant of acid-hydrolyzed vegetable proteins and soy sauce; [WHO]

Restricted use pesticide in the US; One product registered for use indoors in industrial and commercial structures and in sanitary sewers for control of Norway rats; Not registered for outdoor use or for other rodent species; [Reference #1]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

To lower the freezing point of dynamite; in the mfr of dye intermediates; as a rodent chemosterilant

Solvent for cellulose acetate, glyceryl phthalate resins; partial solvent for gums; intermediate in organic synthesis; antifreeze agent for dynamite.

Used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of diprophylline; glycerol alpha-allyl ether; guaifenesin; iohexol.

By passing hydrogen chloride gas into glycerol containing 2% acetic acid.

Production: from allyl alcohol via hypochlorination

Production: from epichlorohydrin via dehydrochlorination

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

1,2-Propanediol, 3-chloro-: ACTIVE

The commercial grade is a mixture of the two isomers, alpha and beta, of which alpha is in a greater proportion.