Tetrahydrofurfurylalkohol

Mild odor

Odorless

1.0544 @ 20 °C/20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.05

1.050-1.052

Miscible with water, alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, benzene

1000 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

Soluble in water, fats

Soluble (in ethanol)

167 °F (NFPA, 2010)

75 °C

167 °F (75 °C) (OPEN CUP)

74 °C c.c.

178 °C @ 760 mm Hg

178.00 to 179.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

178 °C

178-179 °C

Less than -80 °C

< -80 °C

3.522 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5

0.8 [mmHg]

0.80 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.186

Danger

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H360Df: May damage the unborn child; Suspected of damaging fertility [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, P318, P337+P317, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Chemical: 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-

Hazard Traits - Reproductive Toxicity；Authoritative List - EC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1B；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 05-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13371

2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids will float on water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2024)

Combustible. Above 74 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with strong oxidants.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；CAUTION: Petroleum crude oil (UN1267) may contain TOXIC hydrogen sulphide gas. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects; [ICSC] After exposure for 4 hours to 4700 ppm, narcosis but no deaths among 4 rats were observed. [AIHA] An irritant; Effects in high-dose animal studies include convulsions and general anesthesia; [MSDSonline]

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Residues of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent or cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73. 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893. 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous- carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemial or carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.；LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.80 mm Hg(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.11(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was considered readily biodegradable from the results of a screening test using an adapted activated sludge inoculum in which 96.1% of initial tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (based upon COD) was degraded in 120 hours of incubation(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.80 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13.4 hrs(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

Sore throat. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

MODERATELY IRRITATING TO SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES.

EFFECTS REPORTED IN ACUTE POISONING WHICH RESULTED IN DEATH WITHIN 2-3 DAYS WERE SWELLING IN THE BRAIN, HEMORRHAGES IN VISCERAL PLEURA & EPICARDIUM, HYPERVOLEMIA OF ORGANS, & EXPANDED LUNG. MUCOSA OF THE UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT & STOMACH SHOWED SWELLING, HYPERVOLEMIA, HEMORRHAGE, & NECROSIS. IN DEATH OCCURRING AFTER 3 DAYS, LIVER WEIGHT INCREASED & SHOWED YELLOWISH-BROWN CROSS SECTION WITH HEMORRHAGES. HEPATOCYTES WERE NECROTIC & SOME CONTAINED FAT DROPLETS.

... Irritating to human ... eyes.

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol's production and use as a specialty organic solvent(1); as a cleaner and paint stripper(1); in crop sprays(1), in water-based paints(1), in the dyeing and finishing of textiles and leathers(1), and as an intermediate in pharmaceutical applications(1), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was considered readily biodegradable from the results of a screening test using an adapted activated sludge inoculum in which 96.1% of initial tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (based upon COD) was degraded in 120 hours of incubation(1). Using a respirometric dilution method and a sewage inocula, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol had a theoretical BOD of 82.9% over a 5-day incubation period(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.11(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is estimated as 4.1X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(2). Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.80 mm Hg(3).

WHEN TESTED ON THE GUINEA PIG THE MATERIAL WAS FOUND TO BE MODERATELY IRRITATING, NOT TO BE A SENSITIZER, & TO BE ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN, THE LD50 BEING LESS THAN 5 ML/KG.

... 2 OF 3 RATS EXPOSED TO CALCULATED CONCN OF 12,650 PPM DIED. SINCE THIS CONCN IS GREATER THAN VAPOR PRESSURE PROVIDES AT ROOM TEMP, THE EXPOSURE ATMOSPHERE MUST HAVE CONTAINED AN APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF MIST. NONE OF 3 ... EXPOSED TO 655 PPM FOR 6 HR DIED; /SIGNS INCLUDED/ LOSS OF COORDINATION, PROSTRATION & VASODILATION OF EARS & FEET ... .

TESTS USED TO EXAMINE THE PHARMACODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL (THFA) WERE IP TOXICITY, "SIGN PATTERN", INCLINED SCREEN TEST, BALANCE ROD TEST, POTENTIATION OF HEXOBARBITONE SLEEPING TIME IN MICE, IN VITRO SPASMOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN GUINEA PIG'S ILEUM & IV INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS IN ANESTHETIZED RATS, CATS, & DOGS. THFP INDUCED BEHAVIORAL CHANGES & POTENTIATED HEXOBARBITONE SLEEPING TIME. ITS SPASMOLYTIC ACTIVITY WAS CLASSIFIED AS UNSPECIFIC IN ISOLATED ILEUM & CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS WERE OBSERVED IN ANIMALS AT VERY LOW DOSE LEVELS.

In rabbit eyes 24 hours after application of 0.1 ml there was still irritation and increased thickness of the cornea.

Chemical: 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-

Hazard Traits - Reproductive Toxicity；Authoritative List - EC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1B；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 05-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13371

2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Residues of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent or cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Used as a solvent (fats, waxes, and resins) and in organic synthesis; [Merck Index] Used as a cleaner, paint stripper, and solvent (replacement for chlorinated solvents); Also used in crop sprays, water-based paints, and to make pharmaceuticals and elastomers; [HSDB]

Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]；Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

Solvent for fats, waxes, resins; in organic synthesis

Solvent for dyes for leather; chlorinated rubber; cellulose esters; solvent-softener for nylon; vegetable oils; coupling agent

Plasticizer, synthesis of lysine; paint and varnish ingredient.

Specialty organic solvent; cleaner and paint stripper; replacement for chlorinated solvents; crop sprays; water-based paints; dyeing and finishing of textiles and leathers; intermediate in pharmaceutical applications; co- reactive viscosity depressant for vinyl terminated epoxy systems; in elastomer production.

Grades: commercial; industrial (80%).

98% GRADE

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Cosmetics -> Solvent

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing；Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing；Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting；Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-: ACTIVE