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Benzolsulfonsäure
Benzensulfonic acid · BENZENESULPHONIC ACID · 1998/11/3 · BL70 · Besylic acid · BENZOLSULFONSAEURE · acidebenzenesulfonique · BENZENESULFONIC ACID,PRACTICAL GRADE 90-95%
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 98-11-3 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C6H6O3S |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 158,18 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 158,00376505 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=S(=O)(O)c1ccccc1 |
| InChIKey | SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 7371 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1422641 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:64455 |
| EC No. | 202-638-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID9024568 |
| Lokaler Name | Benzolsulfonsäure |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 0 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 62,8 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 1 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 3 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 1 |
| Schwere Atome | 10 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 184 |
| Stoffklassen | Other Classes -> Benzenesulfonic Acid DerivativesCorrosives |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| Pestizide | Environmental transformation -> Pesticide transformation products (metabolite, successor) |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | -1.2 |
| Dichte | Relative density (water = 1): 1.3 (47 °C)1.32 |
| Color/Form | FINE, DELIQUESCENT NEEDLES OR LARGE PLATES |
| Löslichkeit | 5 to 10 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)SOL IN WATER & ALCOHOLSLIGHTLY SOL IN BENZENEINSOL IN ETHER & CARBON DISULFIDESOL IN ACETIC ACIDSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 93H2O: soluble0.1g/10 mL, clear, colorless |
| Flammpunkt | 113 °C>230 °F |
| Siedepunkt | 190 °C137℃ |
| Schmelzpunkt | 109 to 111 °F (NTP, 1992)50-51 °C (ANHYDROUS)30-60 °C |
| Dampfdichte | Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.5 |
| Dampfdruck | 0.0000236 [mmHg]69.8Pa at 20℃ |
| Brechungsindex | 1.5151 (estimate) |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store below +30°C. |
| Aggregatzustand | Damp Crystalline Solid or Fused Mass |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | 0.7(at 25℃) |
| Farbe | Yellow to light brown |
| pH | 2 (H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution) |
| Biologische Quelle | synthetic |
| Merck | 14,1070 |
| BRN | 742513 |
| Henry-Konstante | 3.9×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, bases, many organic compounds. |
| InChI | 1S/C6H6O3S/c7-10(8,9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,7,8,9) |
| InChIKey | SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | OS(=O)(=O)c1ccccc1 |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | 0.41 at 25℃ |
| CAS Datenbank | 98-11-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Benzenesulfonic acid(98-11-3) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Benzenesulfonic acid (98-11-3) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH290 (29.2%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 267 reports by companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Benzenesulfonic acidBenzenesulfonic acid is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzenesulfonic acid are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 31-08-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13314Benzenesulphonic acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | Evaluation - Chemicals that are unlikely to require further regulation to manage risks to environment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Corrosive |
| Brandgefahren | Flash point data for this chemical are not available, however it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | SYMPTOMS: This material causes corrosion of tissues on contact. Coughing burning of eyes and nose and red sores may result. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract[ICSC] Mild irritant effect to human skin after contact with 0.2% solution[RTECS] See p-Toluenesulfonic acid. |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Acids, Strong Oxidizing |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: III |
| Reactivity Alerts | Known Catalytic Activity |
| Reactivity Profile | BENZENESULFONIC ACID reacts with bases and many organic compounds. (NTP, 1992) |
| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes on heating. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes. The solution in water is a strong acid. It reacts violently with bases and is corrosive. Reacts violently with oxidants. Attacks many metals. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). |
| Packaging and Labelling | Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. |
| Brandbekämpfung | Fires involving this compound can be extinguished using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| Sichere Lagerung | Separated from oxidants, bases, metals and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustible are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.Biodegradation: Benzene sulfonic acid is biodegradable. However, process waste water consisting of mixtures may react differently to bacteria than the pure substances contained in it. It must thus be checked beforehand that the process waste water can be handled by a biological sewage treatment plant, or whether the organic components must be destroyed by wet oxidation or incineration after removing the bulk of the water. Recommendable methods: Incineration, neutralization, discharge to sewer. Peer-review: Neutralize with alkali (care, strong acid) and wash well diluted to sewer. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985)) |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: face shield, chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: |
| Eye Prevention | Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. |
| Fire Prevention | NO open flames. |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(3), benzenesulfonic acid should have very high mobility(SRC) in soil based on estimated Koc values ranging from 1.4 to 12(1,2,SRC). Biodegradation of benzenesulfonic acid is likely to occur in soil media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs(6). Volatilization of benzenesulfonic acid is not expected from either moist or dry soils(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of approximately 2.36X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4,SRC) and an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(5,SRC).AQUATIC FATE: AQUATIC FATE: Benzenesulfonic acid is expected to be essentially non-volatile from water based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mol(SRC), developed using a fragment constant method(1). Biodegradation of benzenesulfonic acid is likely to occur in aquatic media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs(2). Aquatic bioconcentration, adsorption to sediment, and hydrolysis are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on an estimated vapor pressure of approximately 2.36X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(1,SRC), benzenesulfonic acid will exist in the atmosphere in the vapor and particulate phases(2). It will degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 29 days(3). Removal of benzenesulfonic acid from the atmosphere can occur through wet and dry deposition(SRC). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Burning sensation. Headache. Nausea.Redness. Burning sensation. Pain. Skin burns.Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.Sore throat. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse. |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1,SRC), the Koc for benzenesulfonic acid can be estimated to be about 12(SRC). The Koc for benzenesulfonic acid can also be estimated to be about 1.4 based on an estimated log Kow of -2.25(3) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a suggested classification scheme(4), these estimated Koc values suggest that benzenesulfonic acid has very high soil mobility. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | ...GROUP...FREE FROM SERIOUS SYSTEMIC OR CUMULATIVE EFFECTS. ...ANOMALIES IN RELATIONSHIP OF ACID IONIZATION CONSTANTS AND LOCAL DAMAGE TO BODY SURFACES. ...CONTACT WITH HEATED VAPOR OR SUBLIMATES...MAY BE IRRITATION OF UPPER RESP TRACT & EYES & SKIN. /AROMATIC SULFONIC ACIDS/ |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | Benzenesulfonic acid's use as a reagent in the manufacture of phenol, resorcinol, and other organic syntheses and as a catalyst(1) could result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
| Environmental Biodegradation | Decomposition of benzenesulfonic acid took 16 days by a soil microflora inoculum in mineral salts medium(1). Sodium benzenesulfonate had a 5-day theoretical BOD (at 20 °C) of 2.6, 74.5, and 38.8% in sewage seed, acclimated activated sludge seed, and by the Warburg technique with acclimated activated sludge, respectively(2). A biodegradation study using 100 mg/l benzenesulfonic acid, consumed 62, 58, and 344 ul oxygen in an endogenous control, benzenesulfonic acid adapted cells, and benzenesulonic acid and phenol adapted cells, respectviely, in 230 minutes(3). In a 2 week closed bottle study, with 100 mg/l benzenesulfonic acid and 30 mg/l sludge, benzenesulfonic acid gave a theoretical BOD of 87%(4). Benzenesulfonic acid utilized 10.7 mg of TOC/g of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids per hour in acclimated activated sludge, indicating that the activated sludge possessed the necessary catabolic enzymes required for degradation(5).The sulfonated benzene structure appears to offer no real resistance to bacterial breakdown since BOD tests carried out on this structure in dilute solutions in river water result in considerable oxygen depletion(1). Benzenesulfonic acid is resistant to chemical oxidation by KMnO4 and to biochemical oxidation under conditions of 5 day BOD determination(2). Under conditions of dichromate COD determination, oxidation of benzenesulfonic acid amounts to 94%(2). Benzenesulfonic acid is deemed degradable by the Japanese MITI test(3). Benzenesulfonic acid allowed visible growth of 12 of 14 species of phenol- utilizing bacteria after 5 days at 30 °C(4). Benzenesulfonic acid degraded only about 4% after 13 months in aquifer slurries from both sulfate reducing and methanogenic sites(5). A study on oxidation of selected carcinogenic compounds (including sodium benzenesulfonate) by activated sludge found no significant oxidation for any compounds studied(6). The presence of a sulfonate grouping on benzene greatly reduces the susceptibility of benzenesulfonic acid to biological oxidation(7). Benzenesulfonic acid was degraded with difficulty, if at all, in aniline-acclimated activated sludge(8).Of 21 laboratories reporting on the degradation of sodium benzenesulfonate, 14 observed greater than 60% theoretical oxygen demand after an average lag time of 12 days and biodegradation time of 28 days(1). Benzenesulfonic acid was degraded (based on COD) 98.5% at a rate of 10.6 mg COD/gram-hour by microbes in adapted activated sludge inoculum(2). Benzenesulfonic acid should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimation can be achieved(3). Benzenesulfonic acid biodegraded with a lag time of 100-110 hours, a rate of 0.013-0.034 per hour, and a half-life of 170-180 hours using a electrolytic respirometer in water indicating that it is biodegraded partially in a long time by acclimatized microorganisms(4,5). Benzenesulfonic acid degraded greater than 90% after 9 days with 2 days of acclimation and a degradation rate after adaptation of 11% COD/day(6). |
| Environmental Bioconcentration | Based upon an estimated a Log Kow of -2.25(1), the BCF of benzenesulfonic acid can be estimated to be approximately 1.15 from a regression-derived equation(2). This estimated BCF value suggests that bioconcentration of benzenesulfonic acid in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). |
| Volatilization from Water/Soil | The Henry's Law constant for benzenesulfonic acid can be estimated to be 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mole using a structure estimation method(1). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates that benzenesulfonic acid is essentially non-volatile from water(2). |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | ...ACUTE EFFECTS ON SKIN- SEVERE SKIN IRRITATION IN GUINEA PIG. /FROM TABLE/...RATED 9 ON RABBIT EYES. ...TESTED EXTERNALLY ON EYES OF RABBITS &...RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY...AFTER 24 HR /OBSERVATION/, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10. |
| Environmental Abiotic Degradation | The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzenesulfonic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be approximately 5.6X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), using a structure estimation method(1,SRC) This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 29 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10(+5) hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The reaction rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with benzenesulfonic acid was experimentally determined to be 1.76X10-9 L/mole-sec(2). Photolysis of benzenesulfonic acid in an aqueous solution gave sulfurous acid, SO2 and/or sulfuric acid in a total yield of 38.6%(3). Photolysis of an alkaline solution of benzenesulfonic acid afforded mostly benzene and biphenyl(3). Sulfonic acids are generally resistant to aqueous environmental hydrolysis(4)therefore, benzenesulfonic acid is not expected to hydrolyze in environmental media(SRC). Benzenesulfonic acid had a very strong resistance to ozonation(5). |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 2583 8/PG 2 |
| Zollcode | 29041000 |
| RTECS-Nr. | DB4200000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 22-34 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1175 mg/kg |
| Gefahrensymbole | C |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 26-36/37/39-45-36 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1B |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 98-11-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Benzene sulfonic acid is an organo sulfur compound with the formula C6H5SO3H. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid. It forms colorless deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in carbon disulfide and diethyl ether. It is often stored in the form of alkali metal salts. Its aqueous solution is strongly acidic.
History
Benzenesulfonic acid was first obtained, together with diphenyl sulfone, by E. M ITSCHERLICH in 1834 by heating benzene with fuming sulfuric acid. The industrially important reaction of benzenesulfonic acid with alkali hydroxide to form phenol (alkali fusion) was developed by A. WURTZ and A. KEKULé in 1867 and by P. O. D EGENER in 1878. Until the early 1960s benzenesulfonic acid was used chiefly in the manufacture of phenol. Other phenol syntheses are preferred now.
Verwenden
Benzenesulfonic acid is mainly consumed by conversion to other specialty chemicals. A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are prepared as salts of benzenesulfonic acid and are known as besylates or besilates. The alkali metal salt of benzenesulfonic acid was once widely used in the production of phenol. It acts as an acid catalyst for direct esterification of amino acids and peptides.
Herstellung & Synthese
synthetische
Benzene sulfonic acid is prepared from the sulfonation of benzene using concentrated sulfuric acid : This conversion illustrates aromatic sulfonation, which has been called "one of the most important reactions in industrial organic chemistry.".