4-Chlor-α,α,α-trifluortoluol

1.34 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3340 g/cu cm at 25 °C

1.34

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 29 ppm at 25 °C

117 °F (NTP, 1992)

109 °F (43 °C) closed cup

117 °F

277 to 280 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

139.3 °C

277-280 °F

-33 °F (NTP, 1992)

-33 °C

-33 °F

6.24 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

6.24 (Air = 1)

6.24

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.4% (54 of 1234) of reports.

Warning

H226 (91.1%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1234 reports by companies from 39 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Chemical: Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 18-03-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5322

1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include local irritation to skin, eyes and respiratory system, central nervous system depression and dermatitis due to defatting of the skin. Other symptoms include coughing, wheezing, a burning sensation, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, vomiting, lung irritation, chest pain, edema (which may be fatal), and irritation to mucous membranes.

A skin, eye, mucous membrane, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; [CAMEO] A skin and eye irritant; In a two generation reproductive feeding study with rats, the NOAEL in F1 and F2 offspring was greater than or equal to the highest dose tested (45 mg/kg bw); No evidence of mutagenicity; [IUCLID] Effects observed from single oral dose in rats include ataxia, tremors, and decreased limb tone; Effects observed in F1 female rats in oral reproductive study include increase in SGPT, decrease in erythrocyte counts, and lesions in the lungs; Decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular and packed cell volumes observed in male rats in 90 day oral study; Increased liver weights observed in both sexes; No evidence of mutagenicity; [EPA] Effects observed in feeding studies at 400 mg/kg include liver hypertrophy in rats and mice and adrenal changes in rats; Doses of 50 mg/kg caused nephropathy in male rats; [NTP]

European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, 4-Chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene (98-56-6) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of September 14, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

DHHS/NTP; NTP Report on Toxicity Studies of p-Chloro-a,a,a-Trifluorotoluene Administered in Corn Oil and a-Cyclodextrin to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice in 14 Day Comparative Gavage Studies NTP Tox 14 (1992)

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/29/06; Reporting date: 11/28/06.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride is included on this list.

P-CHLOROBENZOTRIFLUORIDE is sensitive to heat and light. This chemical reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials such as permanganates and dichromates. It is incompatible with strong bases. It is also incompatible with sodium dimethyl sulfonate. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users or potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from oxidizers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire hazard or explosion hazard.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

Wear solvent-resistant gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact.

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 5.6 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: /Oncorhynchus mykiss/ (Rainbow trout); Conditions: static; Concentration: 13.5 mg/L for 24 hr

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). In an anaerobic screening test using digester sludge, 64% of the originally applied 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was degraded in 59 days(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 110(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.6(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). In an anaerobic screening test using digester sludge, 64% of the originally applied 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was degraded in 59 days(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, which has a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 67 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=98-56-6]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene can be estimated to be 1600(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The ability of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride to induce morphological transformation was evaluated in Balb/3T3 mouse cells (Cell Transformation Assay). Based on preliminary toxicity determinations (exposure time = 72hrs), p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, was tested at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0nl/ml, resulting in a range of 80% to 50% relative survival. None of the applied concentrations resulted in the induction of any transformed foci, while the positive control (MCA) resulted in 38 transformed foci showing that the sensitivity of the assay was normal.

In a two-generation reproduction study, male and female Sprague Dawley rats (F0) (20/sex/group) were orally exposed to 4-(trifluoromethyl)chlorobenzene (TFCB) in corn oil vehicle by gavage at dosage levels of 0, 5, 15 or 45 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks prior to mating one-to-one with animals of the same group, and continuing through one reproduction period until F1 litters had been weaned. Randomly selected F1 pups (20/sex/group) were orally exposed to TFCB by gavage at the same concentration as their parents for 90 days and were then sacrificed. Significant differences between treated and control F0 rats were observed in the following: decreased and/or increased weight gain (high- and mid-dose animals). Significant differences between treated and control F1 rats were observed in the following: weight gain (increased for all treated male groups, decreased for high-dose females), decreased monocytes (females at low-dose), increased serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (mid-dose females), increased mean pups/litter (combined sexes of pups for low- and mid-dose groups, female pups of mid-dose group), increased percentage surviving pups and pup weights (all treated groups), decreased erythrocyte counts (low-dose females), decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (all treated male groups and high-dose females), increased mean corpuscular volume (high-dose females), and an increase in pathology of the lung including bronchopneumonia, adenomous hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltrates (all treated groups). No significant differences between treated and control F0 rats were observed in the following: mortalities, urinalysis, and dam weights. No significant differences between treated and control F1 rats were observed in the following: mortalities, clinical chemistry values, urinalysis, and absolute or relative organ weights.

Mutagenicity of biologic fluids was determined after administration of 50, 167, or 500 mg/kg parachlorobenzotrifluoride by oral gavage over a 2 day period to groups of 7 male CD-1 mice. After collection, neither urine pretreated with beta-glucuronidase, or untreated urine, was mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or TA100.

Parachlorobenzotrifluoride was examined for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100 and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D4 with and without Aroclor induced rat liver S9 fraction metabolic activation. The test article did not cause a mutagenic effect in Salmonella tester strains, or gene conversion in Saccharomyces when administered at concentrations of 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ul/plate in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Parachlorobenzotrifluoride was reported to be cytotoxic to Salmonella strains TA1535 and TA1537 at a concentration of 10 ul/plate.

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene's production and use as an intermediate for dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides(1), and as a solvent and dielectric fluid(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 125: (2020) Some Industrial Chemical Intermediates and Solvents

2020 online

2019

p-Chloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene

An estimated BCF of 110 was calculated in fish for 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.6(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/29/06; Reporting date: 11/28/06.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride is included on this list.

When rats were given a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg p-chloro(trifluoromethyl-(14)C) benzotrifluoride 3-4%, and 14-15% of the applied (14)C were excreted in feces and urine, respectively. The major urinary metabolites were glucuronides of dihydroxybenzotrifluoride and 4-chloro-3-hydroxybenzotrifluoride (each representing 3-4% of the applied (14)C), and minor amounts of a mercapturic acid conjugate of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride. p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride itself was rapidly expired by rats (62-82% of the applied dose) and was the major (14)C- labeled residue in feces. Levels of (14)C-labeled residues in tissues were low, but the small amount of radiolabel in the rat carcass 4 days after dosage (1% applied dose) was also identified as p-chlorobenzotrifluoride and was found predominantly in fat.

Toxicokinetics of p-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene (CTFT) after administration as an aqueous alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) molecular encapsulation suspension (alpha-CD vehicle) or as a corn oil solution (corn oil vehicle) were compared. Male F344 rats were administered intragastrically CTFT in alpha-CD vehicle or corn oil vehicle at dose levels of 10, 50, or 400 mg/kg. Other male F344 rats were administered CTFT intravenously in a 10% Tween 80 aqueous solution. Serial blood samples were taken from a cannulated jugular vein for up to 52 hr after dosing and the CTFT concentrations in whole blood were determined by gas chromatography. The biological elimination half-life of CTFT from the center compartment was not affected by the vehicle used; however, absorption of CTFT from the alpha-CD vehicle was much faster than from the corn oil vehicle. The average absorption half-lives from the alpha-CD vehicle and corn oil vehicle were 17 and 98 min, respectively. Despite the differences in absorption, no statistical difference was observed in the calculated areas under the blood concentration versus time curves (AUC) obtained from rats dosed with either vehicle. Dose proportionality for CTFT was established up to 400 mg/kg and bioavailability was shown to be complete for both vehicles.

Used as an intermediate for dyes and pesticides; Also used as a environmentally friendly solvent and dielectric fluid; [Merck Index] Used as a solvent for paints, toners, and coatings, especially in the automotive industry; Used by workers and consumers in cleaners, degreasers, stain removers, and sealants; [IARC monographs, volume 125]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

Dye intermediate; chemical intermediate; solvent and dielectric fluid

Key intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Intermediate for herbicides with a diphenyl ether structure - fluorodifen and acifluorfen - and the insecticide fluvalinate.

Chemical intermediate for dinitroaniline herbicides

(1977) 6.62X10+8 GRAMS (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1979) 2.90X10+9 GRAMS (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

2023: 40,000,000 - <55,000,000 lb

(1977) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

(1979) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#4888]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 10 to < 50 million lbs.

p-Chlorobenzotrichloride + hydrogen fluoride (fluorination).

... Chlorine is exchanged for fluorine with use of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence or absence of catalyst. This reaction can be carried out as a batch process in autoclaves or continuously in a series of autoclaves or tubular reactors. Typical conditions for the production of benzotrifluoride are a temperature of 80 - 110 °C, pressure of 1.2 - 1.4MPa, and a molar ratio of HF: benzotrichloride of 4:1. A yield of 70% is obtained within 3 - 4 hr. In continuous processing, a yield of over 90%is obtained in a nickel flow tube with a residence time of 1 hr at 90 - 130 °C and at 3-5MPa. Yields are increased by using additives such as hexamethylenetetramine or by employing chlorine - fluorine exchange in the gas phase in the presence of a transition metal - aluminum oxide catalyst. Corrosion is reduced by lowering the reaction temperature (<60 °C) and adding iron or iron compounds. This method is used to produce ... 4- chlorobenzotrifluoride ...

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Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-: ACTIVE