HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemie-Druckbericht · Nur für Forschungszwecke
Heptadecafluoroctan-1-sulfonsure
PFOS · PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID · PFOSA · PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE · Perfluoro(octane-1-sulfonic acid) · HEPTADECAFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID · Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid,100 ug/mL in MeOH · 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 1763-23-1 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C8HF17O3S |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 500,13 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 499,9374938 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=S(=O)(O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F |
| InChIKey | YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 74483 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1876554 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:39421 |
| EC No. | 217-179-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID3031864 |
| Lokaler Name | Heptadecafluoroctan-1-sulfonsure |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 5 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 62,8 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 1 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 20 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 7 |
| Schwere Atome | 29 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 727 |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | The log Kow is not measurable since PFOS forms multiple layers in an octanol-water mixture |
| Color/Form | Liquid |
| Löslichkeit | The surface active properties of the potassium salt of PFOS make a direct determination of the octanol-water partition coefficient impossible. In a preliminary study reported by 3M an inseparable emulsion was formed. 3M determined the solubility of PFOS (K salt) in octanol as 56 mg/L, and calculated the log Kow from the ratio of solubilities, giving a log Kow value of -1.08. /Potassium salt/Water solubility of the potassium salt: A value of 570 mg/L was reported from a 1999 study by 3M for pure water. A more recent 3M assessment found values of 519 and 680 mg/L at 20 and 25 °C, respectively, in pure water. Solubility in salt water is reduced from that in pure water. In natural seawater a solubility of 12.4 mg/L at 22-23 °CC was measured. A value of 20.0 mg/L was obtained for a sodium chloride solution at 3.5% salinity, the same as the natural seawater. /Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, potassium salt/Ethanol: 10 mg/ml |
| Flammpunkt | 11 °C - closed cup |
| Siedepunkt | 249 °CBP: 133 °C at 6 mm Hg260 °C |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of /sulfur oxides/ and /fluorine/. |
| Dampfdruck | VP: 3.31X10-4 Pa at 20 °C (2.48X10-6 mm Hg) measured by OECD Method 104 ... however, a note in the 3M assessment comments that this result is thought to be due to volatile impurities in the substance. /Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, potassium salt/2.0X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C /estimated by extrapolation of the boiling pt and two reduced pressure boiling pts (6 mm Hg at 133 °C and 10 mm Hg at 145 °C) via Antoine method fit/ |
| Henry-Konstante | Henry's Law constant (potassium salt): direct measurement by 3M found the air-water partition coefficient to be very low and much less than the Henry's Law constant of water (4.34X10-7 atm-cu m/mol). /Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, potassium salt/9.0×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Zhang et al. (2010) |
| Physical Description | Liquid[HSDB] Off-white to grey liquid[MSDSonline] |
| Stability/Shelf Life | Stable under recommended storage conditions. |
| Ionization Efficiency | Negative2.7710.5Agilent XCTElectrospray ionizationammonia (10nM) |
| Dissociation Constants | pKa = <1.0 |
| Schmelzpunkt | 90 °C |
| Dichte | 1.25 |
| Lagerbedingungen | 2-8°C |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | -3.27±0.50(Predicted) |
| BRN | 1813859 |
| Hauptanwendungen | PFAS testingcleaning productscosmeticsenvironmentalfood and beveragespersonal care |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C8HF17O3S/c9-1(10,3(13,14)5(17,18)7(21,22)23)2(11,12)4(15,16)6(19,20)8(24,25)29(26,27)28/h(H,26,27,28) |
| InChIKey | YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C(F)(F)(S(O)(=O)=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F |
| CAS Datenbank | 1763-23-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (1763-23-1) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]H360D ***: May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]H362: May cause harm to breast-fed children [Reproductive toxicity, effects on or via lactation]H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P203, P260, P261, P263, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Hazard Traits - BioaccumulationCarcinogenicityDevelopmental ToxicityEnvironmental PersistenceImmunotoxicityReproductive ToxicityAuthoritative List - CA NLsCECBP - Priority ChemicalsEC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1BIARC Carcinogens - 2BOSPAR Priority Action Part AProp 65WA PBTsReport - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the productRegulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.Substance: Heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulphonic acidEC: 217-179-8Date of inclusion in the POPs Regulation: 24-Aug-2010POPs Regulation Annex: Annex I, part AAnnex IV |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Animals given high doses develop liver enlargement and elevated cholesterol. The presence of PFOS in nonoccupationally exposed populations and wildlife has raised concerns about the environmental and health effects of PFOS and prompted the phase-out of the production of POSF-based chemicals by the major producer. A study of 1895 employees in PFOS-exposed jobs, no increased risks for several cancers, low birth weights, or other common health problems were found. [Reference #1] Caused severe eye irritation in rabbits in one study, and mild to moderate irritation in several othersHistopathological changes to the liver observed in two year feeding study with rats with doses as low as 0.06-0.23 (males) and 0.007-0.21 (females) mg/kg body weightIncreased frequency of hepatocellular adenomas seen in chronic animal studies at the highest doses (greater than doses which caused non-neoplastic effects)No evidence of mutagenicity in various in vitro and in vivo assaysTeratogenic effects (incomplete skull closure) observed at doses below maternal NOEL in ratsEffects in a multi-generational study with rats (F1 generation) include significant reductions in litter sizes, viability and lactation indices, and slower development pups[Reference #2] Corrosive to skin and eyesA respiratory tract irritantCan be absorbed through skinAnimal studies conducted on organic fluorochemicals which are present in this product indicate effects including liver disturbances, weight loss, loss of appetite, lethargy, and neurological, pancreatic, adrenal and hematologic effects. There are no known human health effects from anticipated exposure to these organic fluorochemicals when used as intended and instructed. [MSDSonline: 3M MSDS] Serum PFAS concentrations were not associated with increased cardiometabolic risk measures in this population of firefighters. [PMID 33105404] |
| Special Reports | OECDHazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts. 21-Nov-02. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Environ Direct, Joint Mtg Chem Comm, Working Party Chem, Pest, Biotechnol. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL.[Available from, as of November 22, 20010 http://www.oecd.org/document/58/0,2340,en_2649_37465_2384378_1_1_1_37465,00.html]EPA. Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Fluorinated Telomers. This site provides information on PFOA and related chemicals and EPA's actions on these chemicals.[Available from, as of August 15, 2011: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/pfoa/index.html] |
| TSCA-Anforderungen | Certain Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates. Chemical substances and significant new uses subject to reporting. 1-Octanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro- is included on this list.EPA is issuing a significant new use rule (SNUR) under section 5(a)(2) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for 75 substances including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOSH) and certain of its salts (PFOSS), perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (POSF), certain higher and lower homologues of PFOSH and POSF, and certain other chemical substances, including polymers, that are derived from PFOSH and its homologues. These chemicals are collectively referred to as perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, or PFAS. This rule requires manufacturers and importers to notify EPA at least 90 days before commencing the manufacture or import of these chemical substances for the significant new uses described in this document. EPA believes that this action is necessary because the PFOSH component of these chemical substances may be hazardous to human health and the environment. The required notice will provide EPA with the opportunity to evaluate an intended new use and associated activities and, if necessary, to prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs. ... The significant new uses described in this document are: 1. Any manufacture or import for any use of any chemical listed in Table 1, Unit I.A., on or after January 1, 2003, except as noted in Unit II.A.2. 2. Manufacture or import of any chemical listed in Table 1, Unit I.A., solely for one or more of the following specific uses shall not be considered as a significant new use subject to reporting under this section: i. Use as an anti-erosion additive in fire-resistant phosphate ester aviation hydraulic fluids. ii. Use as a component of a photoresist substance, including a photo acid generator or surfactant, or as a component of an anti-reflective coating, used in a photomicrolithography process to produce semiconductors or similar components of electronic or other miniaturized devices. iii. Use in coatings for surface tension, static discharge, and adhesion control for analog and digital imaging films, papers, and printing plates, o |
| Flammable Limits | Lower flammable limit: 6% by volumeUpper flammable limit: 36% by volume |
| History and Incidents | PFCs have been manufactured in Decatur since the 1960s by the 3M Corporation (3M), and later by Daikin America, Inc. (Daikin). Additionally, Toray Carbon Fibers America, Inc. (Toray) in Decatur historically used PFCs. In the past, 3M disposed of PFC waste on-site as well as in local landfills. Wastewater containing PFCs from the three industrial facilities was treated at the Decatur Utilities. In 2007, a local industry notified EPA that it had inadvertently discharged large quantities of a PFC to Decatur Utilities. At that time, biosolids from Decatur Utilities was being applied as a fertilizer on about 5000 acres of privately owned agricultural fields in Alabama's Lawrence, Morgan and Limestone counties. This practice had been ongoing since 1996. EPA regulations under the Clean Water Act allow biosolids to be applied as a fertilizer as long as certain operating and monitoring requirements are followed. PFCs are a class of man-made chemicals that, in most cases, are not regulated by EPA. Therefore, biosolids are typically not required to be tested for PFCs. In response to the notification, EPA tested biosolids and a limited set of soil samples from two agricultural sites where biosolids from Decatur Utilities had been applied. The results indicated elevated levels of perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other PFCs when compared with sampling results from industrial and residential sites. |
| Toxic Combustion Products | Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, Sulfur oxides, Hydrogen fluoride |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 4 (100%)Skin Corr. 1B (79.2%)Carc. 2 (100%)Repr. 1B (97.9%)Lact. (100%)STOT RE 1 (100%)Aquatic Chronic 2 (100%)Carcinogenicity - category 2Reproductive toxicity - category 1BSpecific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) - category 1Acute toxicity - category 4Reproductive toxicity - effects on or via lactationHazardous to the aquatic environment (chronic) - category 2Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 3Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) - Category 4Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2BReproductive toxicity - Category 1A, Additional category: Effects on or via lactationSpecific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (liver, blood system)Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 2Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) - Category 2Reproductive toxicity - Category 1B, Additional category for effects on or via lactationSpecific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (liver, immune system)Acute Tox. 4 *Aquatic Chronic 2 |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants. (a) General applicability. This section specifies the monitoring and quality control requirements that must be followed if you own or operate a public water system (PWS) that is subject to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR), as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section. In addition, this section specifies the UCMR requirements for State and Tribal participation. For the purposes of this section, PWS "population served," "State," " PWS Official," "PWS Technical Contact," and "finished water" apply as defined in section 141.35(a). The determination of whether a PWS is required to monitor under this rule is based on the type of system (e.g., community water system, non-transient non-community water system, etc.), and its retail population, as indicated by SDWIS/Fed on December 31, 2010. ... Contaminant: perfluorooctanesulfonic acidCAS Registry No.: 1763-23-1Analytical Method: EPA 537Minimum Reporting Level: 0.04 ug/LSampling location: EPTDS (entry points to the distribution system)Period during which monitoring to be completed: 1/1/2013-12/31/2015.Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Provisional Health Advisory: 0.2 ug/L. Provisional Health Advisory values are developed to provide information in response to an urgent or rapidly developing situation. They reflect reasonable, health-based hazard concentrations above which action should be taken to reduce exposure to unregulated contaminants in drinking water. They will be updated as additional information becomes available and can be evaluated. /Perfluorooctane Sulfonate/ |
| Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations | /Perfluorooctyl sulfonates (PFOS)/ was found to be mildly irritating to the eyes and non-irritating to the skin of rabbits. /Perfluorooctyl sulfonates/ |
| Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities | Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | 0.01 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areasEnvironmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoidedMethods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubberContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
| Preventive Measures | Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).Skin protection: Handle with gloves.Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). |
| Körperbelastung | Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was measured in blood sera of employees in the fluorochemical manufacturing industry at concentrations up to 12.8 ug/L(1). The compound has been detected in samples of human sera at concentrations ranging from 6.7 to 81.5 ng/mL, an average of 28.4 ng/mL(2). Perfluorooactane sulfonic acid concentrations in serum samples ranged from 3.6 to 164.0 ng/mL from 20 adults residents of Atlanta, GA analyzed in July 2003(3). The mean concentrations in blood samples from 47 males and 36 females in Sweden were 18.4 (1.7-37) and 17.8 (4.6-33) ppb, respectively, collected in 1997-2000(4). Mean concentrations in blood plasma levels of children, women, and men in Arnsberg, Germany, , were 5.4, 6.3, an 11.8 ug/L, sampled between September and November, 2006(5). The geometric mean in serum (ug/L) for the US population 12 years and older from data reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 is 20.7, with females at 18.4 and males at 23.3 ug/L. The mean geometric concentrations reported in the 1999-2000 survey were 30.4, 28.0, and 33.4 ug/L for total, females, and males, respectively(6). A mean concentration of 20.8 ng/mL was reported for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid as a result of analysis of 3802 samples in pooled Australian serum, collected 2002-2003 in rural and urban areas(7). Serum concentrations in US samples collected in 1974 and 1989 were 29.5 ng/mL vs. 34.7 ng/mL, respectively(8). Mean serum concentrations reported in various studies from the United States through 2015 were 9.32-55.8 ng/mL(9). Based on results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the adjusted geometric mean perfluorooactane sulfonic acid concentration in US male serum samples has fallen from 34 ng/mL in 1999-2000 to 17.5 ng/mL in 2007-2008(10)US female serum sample levels have fallen from 30 ng/mL in 1999-2000 to 11 ng/mL in 2007-2008(10). |
| Wechselwirkungen | ... Considering liver is the primary toxic target organ for chlorinated phenols and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), it is interesting to evaluate the possible joint effects of them on liver. In this work, the combined toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were investigated using HepG2 cells. The results indicated that PFOS and PFOA could strengthen PCP's hepatotoxicity. Further studies showed that rather than intensify the oxidative stress or promote the biotransformation of PCP, PFOS (or PFOA) might lead to strengthening of the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling of PCP. By measuring the intracellular PCP concentration and the cell membrane properties, it was suggested that PFOS and PFOA could disrupt the plasma membrane and increase the membrane permeability. Thus, more cellular accessibility of PCP was induced when they were co-exposed to PCP and PFOS (or PFOA), leading to increased cytotoxicity ...... In the present study, the single and combined toxicity of PFOA and PFOS to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were investigated. PFOS was more toxic than PFOA for the single toxicity. In four mixtures, PFOS and PFOA showed complex interactive effects that changed from additive to synergistic effect, then to antagonistic effect, and at last turnover to synergic effect again, with increased molar ratios of PFOS. Neither the concentration-addition model nor the independent-action model could predict the combined effects when strong interactive effects existed. Although the interactive effects of PFOS and PFOA affected their combined toxicity, the trend of mixture toxicity still showed an increase with increasing molar ratios of PFOS in the mixture.... Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound abundant in the rhizome of the perennial herb turmeric. It is commonly used as a dietary spice and coloring agent in cooking and anecdotally as an herb in traditional Asian medicine. In this study, male rats were treated with three different PFOS doses (0.6, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/kg) and one dose of curcumin, from Curcuma longa (80 mg/kg), and combined three doses of PFOS with 80 mg/kg dose of curcumin by gavage for 30 d at 48 hr intervals. Here, we investigated the DNA damage via single-cell gel electrophoresis/comet assay and micronucleus test in rat peripheral blood in vivo. It is found that all doses of PFOS increased micronucleus frequency (p<0.05) and strongly induced DNA damage in peripheral blood in two different parametersthe damaged cell percent and genetically damage index, and curcumin prevented the formation of DNA damage induced by PFOS. Results showed that curcumin inhibited DNA damage including GDI at certain levels at statistical manner, 30.07%, 54.41%, and 36.99% for 0.6 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg. |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow)Conditions: staticConcentration: 9.5 mg/L for 96 hr /Perfluorooctane sulfonate, potassium salt/Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish)Concentration: 7.8 mg/L for 96 hr /Perfluorooctane sulfonate, DEA salt/Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)Concentration: 22 mg/L for 96 hr /Perfluorooctane sulfonate, potassium salt86.7% pure/Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead minnow)Conditions: semi-static (24 hr renewal)Concentration: >15 mg/L for 96 hr /Perfluorooctane sulfonate, potassium saltFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a laboratory measured Koc range of 250 to 50,100(2) indicates that perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is expected to have moderate mobility to immobility in soil(SRC)the average Koc value of 1000(2) indicates low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is <1.0(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). The strength of adsorption can vary depending on the nature of the adsorbing material with respect to pH, organic content, mineral content, and other factors(1,5). Although perfluoroalkyl anions will not volatilize from moist soil surfaces, their unique surfactant properties may prevent total dissociation in water(6). Therefore, some volatilization of perfluoroalkyls may occur since the neutral forms are considered to be volatile(6). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.0X10-3 mm Hg(7), however, perfluoroalkyl neutral forms are considered to be volatile(6). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is resistant to biodegradation(6) and does not biodegrade under typical environmental conditions(8). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test(9), 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a field-based Koc range of 126 to 39,800(2-4) indicates that perfluorooctane sulfonic acid can have low to very high adsorption to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The strength of sorption to sediment and suspended material in water can vary depending on the nature of the sediment material with respect to pH, organic content, mineral content, salinity and other factors(2,5). In marine environments where suspended solid concentrations are low, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid may be transported in dissolved phase rather than being adsorbed to suspended solids(5). A pKa of <1.0(6) indicates perfluorooctane sulfonic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). However, unique surfactant properties of the compound may prevent total dissociation in water and some volatilization may occur since the neutral form of perfluoroalkyls are considered to be volatile(7). According to a classification scheme(8), a BCF range of 200-1500 measured in carp (Cyprinus carpio)(9) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is resistant to biodegradation(7) and does not biodegrade under typical environmental conditions(10). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test(9), 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound has an extrapolated hydrolysis half-life of >41 years(11).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.0X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 115 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Monitoring data has detected perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in both vapor and particulate phases in ambient air samples(3). Vapor-phase perfluorooctane sulfonic acid can adsorb to atmospheric particulate matter and be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(4,5). It has been detected in rain and snow samples(3). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is not susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4,5). Monitoring data from remote Arctic sites indicate the compound is subject to long-range transport either through atmospheric transport of precursor compounds followed by degradation to form PFOS or through atmospheric aerosol transport(4,5). |
| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | As a result of the 1998 Health Canada Total Diet Study, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was detected as follows (ng/g wet wt): cold cuts <0.88cookies <0.15processed cheese 1.14peppers <0.15canned lunch meats <0.37pizza <0.20cheese 0.71frozen dinner (beef) <0.17(1). The mean concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in foods from a market in Catalan, Spain were reported as follows (ng/g fresh weight): vegetables 0.022pulses <0.027cereals <0.069white fish 0.407seafood 0.148tinned fish 0.271blue fish 0.654pork 0.045chicken 0.021veal 0.028lamb 0.040eggs 0.082dairy products 0.121fruits <0.017margarine <0.034oil <0.099. Sampling was conducted in July 2006(2).Food occurrence data for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and other perfluoroalkylated substances were collected in 13 European countries during the period 2006 to 2012. A total of 54,195 analytical results were obtained for 7,560 food samples. PFOS was quantified in 29% of all food samples with fish and other seafoods having the most frequent detections. Across foods of plant origin, PFOS was found in vegetables and wild edible fungi in concentrations from 0.0043 to 1.54 ug/kg, in fruits in concentrations from 0.003 to 0.54 ug/kg, in one potato sample (1.2 ug/kg) and in one bean sample (0.0063 ug/kg)(1).Table: Meat and meat products (including edible offal) [Table#6718] |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment. |
| Milk Concentrations | Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was detected in 3% of 2,449 "Milk and dairy products" samples collected in 13 European countries during the period 2006 to 2012(1)concentrations measured in liquid milk ranged from 0.0009 to 0.12 ug/kg(1). Human milk samples collected in 2003-2004 in the Kingston region of Ontario Canada were found to contain average and median perfluorooctane sulfonic acid concentrations of 0.055 and 0.026 ng/mL respectively(2). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was not detected in 60 raw and retail cow milk samples collected from across the US(3)a concentration of 0.16 ng/g was detected in a milk sample collected at a dairy farm that had applied perfluoroalkyl compound containing biosolids to its fields(3). The mean concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in foods from a market in Catalan, Spain were reported as follows (ng/g fresh weight): dairy products 0.121whole milk <0.014skimmed milk <0.019. Sampling was conducted in July 2006(4). |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a liquid. It is used as a chemical intermediate, an acid catalyst for photoresists, a surfactant in firefighting foam, a surfactant for alkaline cleaners, an emulsifier in floor polish, a mist suppressant for metal plating baths, a surfactant for etching acids for circuit boards, a pesticide active ingredient for ant bait traps, and an agricultural chemical. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Health effects of perfluoroalkyl-compounds on humans remain controversial, in spite of a number of experimental and epidemiological studies. In one study, subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome had higher serum concentrations of PFOS. Some studies of women and infants found that PFOS levels negatively correlated with birth weight only in female infants, while other studies found the association to be small. Pre-natal exposure may be associated with immunosuppression in early childhood. Testosterone production may be compromised in individuals with high PFOS exposure. An occupational study conducted on volunteers working at two different 3M plants showed a relationship between higher PFOS serum levels and higher mean values for triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, ALT, and serum triiodothyronine, as well as a lower thyroid hormone binding ratio. In a mortality study, which followed workers for 37 years, a statistically significant risk of death from bladder cancer was reported. In a different study, PFOS altered the expression of crucial genes, reduced ATP production, induced ROS, and stimulated apoptosis during the early stages of cardiogenesis. It appears that that PFOS induces apoptosis in A549 cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway mechanism. PFOS suppressed IL-2 production in both a human cell line and human primary cells at dose levels within the high end of the human exposure range. In a study on serum levels of men and women, higher concentrations of PF |
| Average Daily Intake | Fish consumption and estimated perfluorooctane sulfonic acid intake among residents of the Lake Vattern and Baltic Seas regions, Sweden were reported as 8.3-83 g consumption/day with intake of 0.92-9.6 ng/kg body weight/day and 0-242 g consumption/day with intake of 0-4.5 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively(1). On average, the daily dietary intake of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid for a standard adult man in Tarrgona County, Spain ranged from 62.5 to 74.2 ng/day(2). Based on food monitoring in 13 European countries during the period 2006 to 2012, the dietary exposure for age groups was determined as follows (in ng/kg body wt/day): infants (0.29-11, min-max), toddlers (1.2-8.5, median), other children (1.5-7.1 median), adolescents (0.84-4.0 median), adults (0.8-3.0 median), elderly (1.0-3.2 median), very elderly (0.92-3.1 median)(3). |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... Despite the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), little is known about the impact these contaminants have on the health of wildlife populations. The authors investigated the relationship between PFCs (including sigma-perfluorocarboxylates, sigma-perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid) and the clinocopathologic and immune parameters in a highly exposed population (n=79) of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (mean sigma-PFCs = 1970 ng/mLrange 574-8670 ng/mL) sampled from 2003 to 2005 near Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Age-adjusted linear regression models showed statistically significant positive associations between exposure to one or more of the PFC totals and/or individual analytes and the following immunological parameters: absolute numbers of CD2+ T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, CD19+ immature B cells, CD21+ mature B cells, CD2/CD21 ratio, MHCII+ cells, B cell proliferation, serum IgG1, granulocytic, and monocytic phagocytosis. Several PFC analyte groups were also positively associated with serum alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, phosphorus, amylase, and anion gap and negatively associated with cholesterol levels, creatinine phosphokinase, eosinophils, and monocytes. Based on these relationships, the authors suggest that the PFC concentrations found in Charleston dolphins may have effects on immune, hematopoietic, kidney, and liver function. The results contribute to the emerging data on PFC health effects in this first study to describe associations between PFCs and health parameters in dolphins./AQUATIC SPECIES/ In this study, ...the effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on endocrine signalling, growth and development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos and larvae /was investigated/. Expression of genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, growth-hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and the steroid hormone axis were used as indicators of endocrine disruption. ...Also studied bone development in larvae, both by observing skeletal structure formation and by investigating expression of genes involved in ossification process. Atlantic salmon embryos, kept in plastic tanks at 5-7 °C, were exposed to 100 ug/L PFOA or PFOS from egg stage for a period of 52 days, followed by one-week recovery period. Sampling was performed at day 21, 35, 49 and 56 representing age 549, 597, 679 and 721 dd (dd or day degrees = number of days x temperature in degree Celsius: °C). Note that day 56 or 721 dd is the end of the 1-week recovery period. Larvae were divided into designated head and body regions for the purpose of gene expression analysis, except for genes that regulate ossification that were analyzed in whole larvae. Expression of thyroid receptor alpha and beta (TR-alpha and TR-beta), thyroid-stimulating hormone beta (TSH-beta), T(4) outer-ring deiodinase (T(4)ORD), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I and II (IGF-I and II), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), and estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ER-alpha and ER-beta) were investigated using quantitative PCR. Both PFOS and PFOA exposure produced non-significant alterations in larvae weight (except after the recovery period when a decrease was observed), while larvae length was unaffected. PFOS and PFOA exposure produced body- and head region-specific alterations in expression of all the investigated gene transcripts. Expression of IGF-I and IGF-IR paralleled that of GH, indicating that perturbation of GH expression is a/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... We developed a novel partial life-cycle assay that incorporates exposures to brooding adult female mussels and used this method in combination with acute toxicity tests to assess adverse effects of perfluoroctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA) on freshwater mussels. Fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) were exposed to PFOS at two life stages: brooding glochidia (in marsupia) for 36 d and free glochidia in water for 24 hr. In standard acute tests with glochidia (24-48 hr exposures) and juveniles (48-96 hr exposures) of fatmucket and black sandshell (Ligumia recta), glochidia were 8 to 25 times more sensitive than juveniles. Perfluoroctanesulfonic acid significantly reduced the duration of glochidia viability and reduced probability of metamorphosis at concentrations 3,000 times lower than the most sensitive acute endpoint (24-hr EC50). The partial life-cycle test is adaptable to a variety of endpoints and research objectives and is useful for identifying adverse effects at contaminant concentrations below those required for an acute lethal response./AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... The primary objective of this study was to determine whether multiple PFAAs enhance hepatic tumorigenesis in trout, an animal model that represents human insensitivity to peroxisome proliferation. A two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model was employed in trout to evaluate PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2FtOH) as complete carcinogens or promoters of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))- and/or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced liver cancer. A custom trout DNA microarray was used to assess hepatic transcriptional response to these dietary treatments in comparison with E2 and the classic peroxisome proliferator, clofibrate (CLOF). Incidence, multiplicity, and size of liver tumors in trout fed diets containing E2, PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA were significantly higher compared with AFB(1)-initiated animals fed control diet, whereas PFOS caused a minor increase in liver tumor incidence. E2 and PFOA also enhanced MNNG-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis. Pearson correlation analyses, unsupervised hierarchical clustering, and principal components analyses showed that the hepatic gene expression profiles for E2 and PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFOS were overall highly similar, though distinct patterns of gene expression were evident for each treatment, particularly for PFNA. Overall, these data suggest that multiple PFAAs can promote liver cancer and that the mechanism of promotion may be similar to that of E2.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (42 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Animal Concentrations | Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid has been measured in blood sera of Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Blackfooted albatross (P. nigripes) from the Midway Atoll in the North Pacific at concentrations of 3-26 ng/L(1). Blood samples from cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus) from the Great Lakes showed a 10-fold increase over that for the albatrosses(1). Blood plasma from 200 day old eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from the Midwestern United States contained perfluorooctane sulfonic acid up to 2,570 ng/mL, with detectable levels >100 ng/mL reported in other fish-eating birds such as pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and loons (Gavia immer)(1). Concentrations in the eggs of Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from Lake Michigan waters were as great as 3,350 ng/g(1).Mean concentrations in waterfowl livers collected from the Niagara River region of New York State in July of 2004(1). [Table#6712]Perfluorooctane sulfonate was measured in 161 samples of liver, kidney, blood, or egg yolk from 21 species of fish-eating water birds collected in the United States, including albatrosses (Laysan albatross (Diomedea immutabilis)black-footed albatross (D. nigripes)) from Sand Island, Midway Atoll, in the central North Pacific Ocean. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate in the blood plasma of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) collected from the midwestern United States ranged from 13 to 2,220 ng/mL (mean: 330 ng/mL)concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate were greater in blood plasma than in whole blood. Among 82 livers from various species of birds from inland or coastal U.S. locations, Brandt's cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) from San Diego, CA, contained the greatest concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (1,780 ng/g, wet wt). Perfluorooctane sulfonate was also found in the sera of albatrosses from the central North Pacific Ocean at concentrations ranging from 3 to 34 ng/mL. Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate in birds from remote marine locations suggests widespread distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and related fluorochemicals in the environment. Data were collected over 1991 to 1998(1).Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid has been measured in mink (Neovison vison) livers from the Midwestern United States with concentrations ranging from 40-5,140 ng/g(1). Concentrations in the river otters (Lontra canadensis) collected in Oregon ranged from 33.6 to 329 ng/g(2). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid mean plasma concentrations in mammals were reported as follows (genus species, location, concentration in ng/mL or ng/g wet weight): Amur tiger, Panthera tigris altaica, China, 1.41polar bear, Ursus maritimus, Svalbard,1290bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncates: Bermuda, 49Indian River Lagoon, FL, 642New Jersey, 751Sarasota Bay, FL 780Charleston, SC, 1315giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Beijing, China, 11.10red panda, Ailurus fulgens, 15.65(3). Concentrations in various Japanese animals sampled in February 2005 were 35-238, 19-33, 25-61, and 0.15-13 ng/g wet weight for cormorant, racoon dog, eagle, and large-bill crow, respectively(4). Levels in thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) sampled from 1975, 1993 and 2004 were not detected, 0.51 and 0.75 ng/g wet weight, respectivelylevels in northern fulmars (Fulmaris glacialis) from 1975, 1987, 1993, and 2003 were not detected, 0.17, 0.57, and 0.4 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Both species are residents of Prince Leopold Island in the Canadian Arctic(5). Concentrations in melon-head whales (Peponocephala electra) stranded along the Japanese coast in 1982, 2001/2002, and 2006 were reported as 4.6 to 10.2, 17.8 to 117, and 49.2 to 60.6 ng/g met weight, respectively(6). Mean concentration trends from 1992-2007 in livers from northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) from South-Central Alaska were 2.3, 1.6, 10.4, 2.7, 6.0, 4.2, 5.1, 10.8, 21.2, 7.0, 4.2, <0.9, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.8 ng/g wet wt(7).For more Animal Concentrations (Complete) data for Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Ongoing Test Status | EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPAICSS Dashboard ApplicationAvailable from, as of December 17, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/] |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | - |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 3265 8/PG 2 |
| Zollcode | 29049090 |
| RTECS-Nr. | RG9701600 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 34-57-51/53-22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-64-48/25-40-20/22-61 |
| Gefahrensymbole | C,N,T,F |
| hazard_note | Corrosive |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 26-36/37/39-45-61-36/37-16-7-53 |
| Lagerklasse | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 1763-23-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Gefahrenklasse | Acute Tox. 3 DermalAcute Tox. 3 InhalationAcute Tox. 3 OralFlam. Liq. 2STOT SE 1 |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is a man-made fluorosurfactant and global pollutant. It is a very useful catalyst in chemical industry. It can catalyze the Intramolecular Hydroamination of Olefinic Sulfonamides in Fluorous Biphase System (FBS)1. It can also catalyze ring-opening reactions of methylenecyclopropanes with aromatic amines, sulfonamides and alcohols in supercritical carbon dioxide2. It is useful in the nitroaldol reaction in fluorous media, which is an important improvement of the chemo-selective addition of aldehyde3.
Verwenden
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 1-octanesulfonic acid, heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, 1-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) is an eight-carbon compound in the perfluoroalkyl family of chemicals. Perfluorooctane sulfonate is used in a variety of applications, including textiles, leather products, cleaning products, and pesticides. Its main use was as a stain repellent on carpet, furniture, and other consumer products. 3M was the primary manufacturer of the chemical until it voluntarily phased it out in 2002 (USEPA, 2012). Perfluorooctane sulfonate is not manufactured any longer in the United States, but it can be imported for use in specific applications.