Methylpropanediol

Cosmetic ingredients (Methylpropanediol) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Solvent

Liquid

Clear, colorless liquid

127 °C

127 °C (261 °F) - closed cup

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 99.5% (196 of 197) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 197 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 98.9% (187 of 189) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 189 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: 1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl-

1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

PMN - indicates a commenced PMN (Pre-Manufacture Notices) substance.

Status: Active Update: 10-11-2008 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/9084

1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Residues of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solvent, surfactant.

Residues of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solvent, surfactant.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. (a) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol is included on this list. Limit: none.

Not Classified

Not Classified

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Residues of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solvent, surfactant.

Residues of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solvent, surfactant.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. (a) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol is included on this list. Limit: none.

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection not required. For nuisance exposures use type OV/AG (US) or type ABEK (EU EN 14387) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

LC50; Species: Cyprinus carpio (Carp) mean length: 1.9 +/- 0.1 cm, mean weight: 0.19 +/- 0.04 g; Conditions: static, hardness 250 mg/L as CaCO3, pH varied from 8.0-8.2, dissolved oxygen >5 mg/L, temperature 20.0-21.5 °C; Concentration: >1000 mg/L for 96 hr

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: static, hardness 250 mg/L as CaCO3, pH varied from 8.0-8.1, dissolved oxygen >8 mg/L, temperature varied from 20.5-21.0 °C; Concentration: >1000 mg/L for 48 hr; Effect: immobilization

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Algae); Conditions: static, pH 8.5-8.6, temperature 21 °C; Concentration: >1000 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: growth inhibition

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.7(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.24(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.1X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). Utilizing the Strum test, 6-54% biodegradation was reached in 4 weeks(2) indicating that biodegradation may occur under certain environmental conditions, however, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is not expected to biodegrade rapidly in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.7(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.24(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Strum test, 6-54% biodegradation was reached in 4 weeks(2) indicating that biodegradation may occur under certain environmental conditions, however, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is not expected to biodegrade rapidly in water.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, which has a vapor pressure of 2.1X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 34 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol is a clear, colorless liquid. It is used as a solvent in personal care products (neutralizer, emollient, emulsifier, and humectant) as well as in the manufacture of resins and coatings. HUMAN STUDIES: 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol was not irritating to human skin. Five studies evaluated the potential for dermal sensitization in humans. Mild skin irritation was observed in some subjects during the induction phase (< 10% of participants). A mild delayed reaction was seen during the challenge phase in only one study (< 5% of subjects), but it is unclear if these were irritant or allergic in nature. Human lymphocytes were exposed to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol at concentrations of 10-5000 g/mL in the absence of metabolic activation and 333- 5000 ug/mL in the presence of activation. Cytotoxicity was not observed at any dose. There was no biologically meaningful increase in chromosomal aberrations. ANIMAL STUDIES: 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol was not irritating to rabbit skin and rabbit eyes. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol was mildly sensitizing in a guinea pig maximization test. Rats (10/sex) were administered 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol via gavage at 5000 mg/kg-bw and observed for 14 days. Clinical signs of toxicity included diarrhea, chromorhinorrhea and soiling of the anogenital area. Rabbits (10/sex) were administered 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol dermally at 2000 mg/kg-bw for 24 hours and observed for 14 days. Clinical signs of toxicity included diarrhea, yellow nasal discharge, few feces, bloated abdomen and soiling of the anogenital area. No developmental effects was noted in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats. In another experiment, a slight decrease in fetal body weight (< 2% decrease) was observed in litters from dams given 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. It was not teratogenic in rats. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1537, TA98, TA1535 and TA100 and in Chinese hamster cells (V79) with or without metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The chemical was not toxic to Carp (Cyprinus carpio), water fleas (Daphnia magna), or green algae (Scendesmus subspicatus).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Carp (Cyprinus carpio, 10/vessel) were exposed to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol at nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/L under static conditions for 96 hours. Mean measured concentrations for the highest nominal concentration were 891 mg/L at the start of the study and 979 mg/L at 96 hours. No mortality was noted at any point in either control or test vessels in the study.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Water fleas (Daphnia magna, 10/vessel) were exposed to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol at nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/L under static conditions for 48 hours. Mean measured concentrations for the highest nominal concentration were 1023 mg/L at the start of the study and 1032 mg/L at 96 hours. No immobilization was noted at 24 or 48 hours in either the control or test vessels.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Green algae (Scendesmus subspicatus) were exposed to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol at nominal concentrations of 0, 100, 180, 320, 560 or 1000 mg/L under static conditions for 72 hours. Measured concentrations for the 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L were 120, 361 and 873 mg/L at the start of the study and 100, 383 and 1023 mg/L at 72 hours. No significant inhibition of cell growth or reduction of growth rate was noted at any concentration tested.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of July 27, 2017: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

The Koc of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is estimated as 1.7(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-methyl1,3-propanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Volunteers (25 male and female subjects, ages 18-70 years) were dermally exposed daily to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol as an undiluted liquid (100%) or as a 50% aqueous solution under an occluded dressing for 14 days. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol did not exhibit a potential for cumulative dermal irritation in 25 subjects with self-assessed sensitive skin. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol was not irritating to human skin in this assay.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Five studies evaluated the potential for dermal sensitization in humans. Male and female subjects (104-110/study) were given a patch-test using 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. In the induction phase, approximately 0.2 mL of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (50% aqueous dilution) was applied to the skin with an occlusive or semi-occlusive dressing and removed after 24 hours. The application was repeated 3 times/week for a total of 9-10 applications. Skin reactions were evaluated 24 or 48 hours later, immediately prior to re-application of the patch. In the challenge phase, a patch containing 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (50% aqueous dilution) was applied 2 weeks after the 10th application (occlusive or other condition was not specified). These were removed after a 24-hour contact period and reactions at the skin site assessed immediately and again after 24-72 hours. Subjects that responded to the challenge were re-challenged 7 days later under occlusive and semi-occlusive conditions. Mild skin irritation was observed in some subjects during the induction phase (< 10% of participants). A mild delayed reaction was seen during the challenge phase in only one study (< 5% of subjects), but it is unclear if these were irritant or allergic in nature.

/GENOTOXICITY/ In vitro Human lymphocytes were exposed to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol at concentrations of 10-5000 ug/mL in the absence of metabolic activation and 333-5000 ug/mL in the presence of activation. Positive controls were tested concurrently and produced an appropriate response. Cytotoxicity was not observed at any dose. There was no biologically meaningful increase in chromosomal aberrations.

AEROBIC: 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol, present at 10 and 20 mg/L, generated 54% and 6% of theoretical carbon dioxide, respectively, in 4 weeks using a municipal treatment plant sludge inoculum in the modified Sturm test failing to meet the criteria for ready biodegradability(1). In another aerobic study, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, present at 1 and 3 mg/L, reached 15-26% and 59-64% degradation, respectively in 28 days using a municipal treatment plant sludge inoculum(1). Therefore this compound may biodegrade under certain environmental conditions, however, it is not expected to biodegrade rapidly(SRC).

SEDIMENT: Water quality data compiled from the Retrieval (STORET) Data Warehouse and the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) reports sediment monitoring data for various chemicals but does not include 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol as of 2017(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is estimated as 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.1X10-2 mm Hg(3).

Residues of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solvent, surfactant.

Residues of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solvent, surfactant.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. (a) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol is included on this list. Limit: none.

The absorption, distribution, elimination, and metabolic fate of 2-methyl-1, 3- propanediol were determined in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats following oral gavage administration of [2-14C]-2-methyl-1, 3- propanediol at either 1000 or 100 mg/kg. Absorbed radioactivity was eliminated rapidly, with the majority recovered by 12 hr as either expired exhaled CO2 or in urine (combined urine and cage wash).

CIR ingredient: Methylpropanediol

Used as a solvent glycol in personal care products (neutralizer, emollient, emulsifier, and humectant); in the manufacture of resins and coatings; [HSDB]

It is used in polyesters for solvent- and waterborne coatings, imparting them lower viscosity than neopentyl glycol, easy processability, good flexibility, weatherability, and toughness. 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol /MPD/ is used in paints with low content of volatile organic compounds (VOC) as two-component polyurethane coating and coil coating. It is also used in glass-fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyesters and gel coats. MPD is used for chemical modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used in production of fibers and films. Low content of MPD in PET fibers improves the dye uptake and in films it improves clarity, toughness, elongation, and shrinkage. Plasticizers, elastomers, adhesives, cosmetics, and personal care products are other uses of MPD.

Used as a solvent glycol (~25%) in personal care products (neutralizer, emollient, emulsifier, and humectant) as well as in the manufacture of resins and coatings (~75%).

Solvent for ink, toner, and colorant products

2023: 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lb

1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl-. National Production Volume: 25,767,861 lb/yr.

Non-confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl-:

The raw material propylene oxide is isomerized to allyl alcohol in the first step. Hydroformylation of allyl alcohol gives 4-hydroxybutanal (79%) and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal (11%). the last step comprises hydrogenation of the n and iso intermediates to the corresponding diols.

Information on 1 consumer products that contain 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol in the following categories is provided:

Information on 9 consumer products that contain Methylpropanediol in the following categories is provided:

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern

Cosmetics -> Solvent

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE