Anisol

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Use foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

General First Aid:

If material on fir or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), the experimentally-determined Koc value for anisole of 35(1) suggests that it will be highly mobile in soil and may leach(SRC). Its estimated Henry's Law constant(3), 4.35X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), vapor pressure, 3.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(5), and low adsorptivity to soil indicate that volatilization may be an important fate process from both moist and dry soil surfaces(4,SRC). Anisole has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in screening tests(6-8) and therefore may readily biodegrade in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Anisole should volatilize from water based on its estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.2 hr and 4.2 days, respectively(4,SRC). Anisole has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in screening tests(5,6) and therefore may biodegrade in natural water(SRC). When anisole was added to a model aquatic ecosystem with fish, mosquito larva, alga, daphnia, and snails and incubated for 24 hr, the concentration of anisole was considerably reduced (by approximately 93%) and degradation products were found in the water(1). A Russian study reported that anisole was stable in water for 4 days(2). The details of the study were not available. According to a recommended classification scheme(8), experimental bioaccumulation factors obtained from a model aquatic ecosystem along with evidence of metabolism in aquatic organisms(1) suggests that bioaccumulation of anisole should not be a concern(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a theory of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(2), anisole, which has a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) will exist in the ambient atmosphere as a vapor(SRC). Vapor-phase anisole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 hr(1,SRC). Anisole's water solubility in water is 1520 mg/L(4), and therefore it may be washed out of the atmosphere by rain(SRC).

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, anisole was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences, median concn in ppb): organics and plastics (5; 64.8) and organic chemicals (30; 25.4)(1). The highest effluent concn in these industrial categories was 8660 ppb and 753 ppb, respectively(1). Anisole was found in 1 of 3 samples of trench leachate from the West Valley waste disposal site at a concn of 2.7 mg/L(2). Anisole was found in ponds holding wastes from olive oil production(3). It has also been detected in wastewater from coal gasification plants(4,5) and in one case reported to be 0.2 mg/L(4). Anisole was present in raw wastewater and final effluent from a dye manufacturing plant at levels of 37-190 ppb and 5-71 ppb, respectively(6).

An experimental Koc of 35 has been reported for anisole(1). Using an estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(2), the Koc for anisole is estimated to be 118(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), these Koc values respectively suggest that anisole would be very highly mobile and highly mobile in soil and would readily leach(SRC).

Anisole was identified as a compound isolated from essential oil of ocmum selloi.

Anisole has been found in lakes in the vicinity of Mount St Helens that received pyroclastic flow resulting from the volcanic eruption(1). It may also be formed during the combustion of hydrocarbons(2-4). This suggests that anisole may be formed naturally in the environment when hydrocarbons are burned(SRC). Since anisole has been reported as a meat flavor volatile(5), it may naturally occur in meat or be formed during cooking(SRC).

Anisole may be released to the environment during its manufacture, transport, disposal, and use(SRC) as an intermediate in the manufacture of organic compounds, for example fragrances and pharmaceuticals, and as a solvent and heat transfer medium(2). Anisole is formed as an impurity in the production of o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol by the alkylation of phenol with methanol(1). Anisole may be emitted from kerosine space heaters(3) and may occur in automobile exhaust(4,5).

In a 2-week biodegradation screening test (MITI test) using anisole (100 ppm) and an activated sludge inoculum, 56% of BOD was removed and at the end of the 2-week period there was an upward trend in BOD consumption(1). Anisole was readily biodegradable in another screening test; >70% DOC and >60% BOD were removed in this test(3). Anisole completely degraded in a biodegradation test that utilized a soil inoculum(2).

Using its log Kow, 2.11(2), one estimates a BCF of 24 for anisole using a recommended regression equation(3). The bioconcentration of anisole in aquatic organisms was determined in a model aquatic ecosystem maintained at 26.7 °C with 12 hr of simulated daylight exposure(1). After 24 hr exposure, the ecological magnification for anisole was (organism, bioaccumulation factor): fish, 22; mosquito larva, 27; algae, 563; daphnia, 771; snails, 899(1). There were signs of considerable metabolism in all species. O-dealkylate occurred in fish and snail, hydroxylation to o- and p-methoxyphenols occurred in all species except daphnia, and conjugation occurred in alga and snails(1). According to a recommended classification scheme(4), this BCF value and its metabolism in aquatic organisms would indicate that anisole has a low potential for bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms(SRC).

Anisole is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.