0.76 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than waterwill float0.760 at 20 °C/20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.80.7589 @25 °C0.761 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Viscosity
0.3745 Poise
Color/Form
Colorless to light yellow liquid
Löslichkeit
Very soluble (NTP, 1992)In water, 1X10+6 mg/L at 20 °C /miscible/Miscible with waterMiscible with alcohol, chloroform, etherSolubility in water: misciblemiscible with water, alcohol, chloroform and ether
Flammpunkt
-20 °F (EPA, 1998)-29 °C (-20 °F) - closed cup10 °F (-12 °C) - closed cup-29 °C c.c.−20 °F
Siedepunkt
131 to 136 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)53.5 °C52-53 °C53 °C @760 [mm Hg]53 °C (lit.)
Decomposition
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).When heated to decompostion it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.Products of decomposition include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen as well as amine vapors.
Schmelzpunkt
-126 °F (NTP, 1992)-88.2 °C-88 °C-81 °C-88 °C (lit.)
Dampfdichte
2 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)2.0 (Air = 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.02 (vs air)
Dampfdruck
4.09 psi ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex
n20/D 1.420(lit.)
Lagerbedingungen
Flammables area
Aggregatzustand
Crystalline or Granular Powder
pKa (Säurekonstante)
9.49(at 25℃)
Farbe
White or almost white
Explosionsgrenze
22%
Merck
14,287
BRN
635703
Henry-Konstante
1.0×100 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Leng et al. (2015)
Dielektrizitätskonstante
5.96
Stabilität
Stability Air sensitive. Serious fire hazard. Highly flammable - note low flash point. May be ignited at temperatures close to ambient.
InChI
1S/C3H7N/c1-2-3-4/h2H,1,3-4H2
InChIKey
VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
NCC=C
LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient)
0.13 at 20℃
CAS Datenbank
107-11-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen
2-Propen-1-amine(107-11-9)
EPA chemische Informationen
Allylamine (107-11-9)
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
GHS-Einstufung
DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3.6% (11 of 305) of reports.
Hazards Identification
Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH)
Regulatorische Informationen
Chemical: 2-Propen-1-amine2-Propen-1-amine is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Propen-1-amine are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 12-11-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5470Status: Active Update: 30-08-2017 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/20479Allylamine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
DOT-Kennzeichnung
Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid
Brandgefahren
Flammable when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air over a wide range. Use caution when approaching fire and applying water. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Can react with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes. Avoid oxidizing materials. Stable, avoid heating to decomposition. May become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or may react with water with non-violent release of energy. (EPA, 1998)
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Allylamine is a primary unsaturated alkylamine and in this review refers to monoallylamine. Allylamine can also be used generically to describe the secondary (diallyl-) and tertiary (triallyl-) amine derivatives of monoallylamine, as well as other more complex alkylamines. Allylamine is a colorless, flammable liquid and is volatile and reactive with oxidizing materials. Allylamine has a strong ammonia odor, is acutely toxic by all routes of exposure, and produces cardiotoxicity in a manner that has been well characterized by in vivo and in vitro methods. In addition to its use as an industrial chemical, allylamine is utilized as a model compound for basic research investigations into mechanisms of cardiovascular disease based on the nature of the cardiac and vascular lesions observed following allylamine exposure.
Verwenden
Allylamine ismanufactured fromallyl chloride andammonia. It is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses, including the synthesis of rubber, mercurial diuretics, sedatives, and antiseptics (238). It is also used in the synthesis of ion-exchange resins.
· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Many liquids will float on water.
Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.
Brandpotenzial
Flammable liquid.Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.
Gesundheitsgefahren
Acute: an eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritant, which is highly toxic if inhaled or ingested and moderately toxic if absorbed on skin. Ingestion or inhalation may cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small quantities. Skin absorption may cause irreversible and reversible changes. Toxic air concentration (TClo) in humans is 5 ppm over 5 minutes. Vapors are extremely unpleasant and may ensure voluntary avoidance of dangerous concentrations. Will irritate nose and throat at 2.5 ppm. (EPA, 1998)· TOXICmay be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.· Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes.· Methyl chloroacetate (UN2295) is an eye irritant/lachrymator (causes flow of tears).· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.
Gefahrenübersicht
A lachrymatorCaustic to skin, eyes, respiratory tractInhalation can induce acute pulmonary edemaCauses halo vision at low concentrations[CHEMINFO]
DOT-Nummer und Handbuch
2334 131
Reaktive Gruppe
Amines, Phosphines, and PyridinesHydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated
UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Subsidiary Risks: 3UN Pack Group: I
Reactivity Alerts
Highly Flammable
Brandbekämpfung
Keep unnecessary people away and isolate hazard area. Stay upwind and keep away from low areas. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.Use dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be used to keep exposed containers cool. Dike fire control water for later disposal. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or discoloration of tank due to fire. (EPA, 1998)Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Freisetungsmaßnahmen
· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.Small Spill· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.Large Spill· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
Erste Hilfe
Warning: Allylamine is highly irritating. Caution is advised.Signs and Symptoms of Allylamine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to allylamine may include irritation of nose, eyes, and mouth with tearing, runny nose, cough, and sneezing. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, redness, swelling, and pain in mucous membranes. Severe exposure may result in excitability and convulsions.Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to allylamine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.Inhalation Exposure:1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to allylamine.2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.4. Transport to a health care facility.Dermal/Eye Exposure:1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to allylamine.3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with water.6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.7. Transport to a health care facility.Ingestion Exposure:1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.3. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize.General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· Wash skin with soap and water.
Sichere Lagerung
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Firefighting Hazards
Vapor/air mixtures are explosive.Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back.
Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung
· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].
Brandbekämpfungsverfahren
Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Solid streams of water may be ineffective and spread material.In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
Lagerbedingungen
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids.Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Separate from oxidizing materials, acids, and sources of halogen. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
Reinigungsverfahren
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Eliminate all ignition sources. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.
Freisetung ohne Brand
Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)
Entsorgungsverfahren
SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this materialContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Wechselwirkungen
... Mercaptoethanesulphonate, a scavenger of reactive species that is known not to penetrate myocytes prevented the toxicity both of 100 uM allylamine and 100 uM acrolein to myocardial myocyte reaggregate cultures in serum-supplemented medium. In contrast when myocardial myocyte reaggregate cultures in serum-free medium were exposed to high concentrations of allylamine, mercaptoethanesulphonate had no moderating effect. These findings suggest that allylamine undergoes extracellular metabolism to acrolein in serum-supplemented medium because of the presence of benzylamine oxidase in serum. ... The toxicity of allylamine was also prevented by the iron chelator desferrioxamine at a concentration shown not to inhibit significantly the acitivity of benzylamine oxidase. Acrolein toxicity too was inhibited by desferrioxamine. This suggests a role for free radicals in the toxicity of allylamine to myocardial myocyte reaggregate cultures as desferrioxamine chelates iron thus preventing the catalysis of free radical reactions. Addition of alpha-tocopherol succinate an inhbitor of lipid peroxidation to the cultures also reduced the toxicity of allylamine which provides some evidence of the role of lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of allylamine toxicity of myocardial myocyte reaggregate cultures.In the present study, /investigators/ describe changes in aorta at the protein level associated with allylamine (AA) and beta-aminopropionitrile (beta APN) induced vascular toxicity in a rat model. This model represents a remarkable synergistic, necrotizing toxic effect of these combined toxins, and our rationale was to examine protein expression in order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying this synergism. Rats were given AA (100 mg/kg body weight/day) and beta APN (1 g/kg body weight/day) by gavage for 10 dthis protocol has been shown to result in smooth-muscle necrosis, but no visible connective tissue changes. Soluble and insoluble fractions from AA + beta APN- or from beta APN-treated aorta showed enhanced expression of three high-molecular-weight protein bands (ranges between approximately 120 and 95 kD). The time course of induction of proteins showed the appearance of AA + beta APN-induced specific proteins at d 3 of AA + beta APN treatment. Partial purification and characterization suggested that AA + beta APN specific proteins are likely to be collagen proteins (type I). .../Investigators/ developed a model of aortic smooth muscle necrosis in adult Sprague Dawley rats by feeding them two vascular toxins (allylamine HCl, or AA, and beta-aminopropionitrile, or betaAPN) in concert for 10 days. Either toxin given alone does not cause aortic lesions. In order to shed light on the mechanism of the synergistic action of these two toxins, /the authors/ fed known modulators of AA or betaAPN toxicity to rats concurrently with the two toxins. As modulators, /the authors/ used (a) semicarbazide (98 mg/kg/day, given 4 h prior to toxins), a known inhibitor of the vascular enzyme SSAO which metabolizes AA(b) L-cysteine (1.5% in rat chow, beginning 3 days prior to toxins), which has been shown to reduce the toxic effects of betaAPNand (c) phenelzine sulphate (3 mg/kg/day, given 4 h prior to toxins), an inhibitor of SSAO and potentiator of betaAPN toxicity. Rats were fed various combinations of the toxins and modulators by gavage: water (n = 8)(AA, 100 mg/kg/day) AA + phenelzine (n = 8)AA + semicarbazide (n = 8)AA + L-cysteine (n = 11)(betaAPN, 1 g/kg/day) betaAPN + phenelzine (n = 8)betaAPN + semicarbazide (n = 8)betaAPN + L-cysteine (n = 8)(AA, 100 mg + betaAPN, 1 g/kg/day) AA + betaAPN + phenelzine (n = 9), AA + betaAPN + semicarbazide (n = 8)AA + betaAPN + L-cysteine (n = 12)phenelzine (3 mg/kg/day) (n = 4)semicarbazide (98 mg/kg/day) (n = 4) and L-cysteine (1.5% in rat chow) (n = 4). /The authors/ found that phenelzine sulphate (a drug previously used in the treatment of hypertension) when given with AA reproduced the AA + betaAPN induced aortic lesions. Phenelzine + betaAPN caused no lesions, but when combined with AA + betaAPN, aortic lesions were intensified and included marked secondary degeneration of the vascular wall. Semicarbazide was found to completely obviate the vascular toxicity of AA + betaAPN. L-Cysteine feeding markedly decreased the incidence and severity of vascular lesions in AA + betaAPN treated rats, buHydralazine can inhibit induction of medial hyalinosis in coronary arteries and myocardial fibrosis by allylamine.For more Interactions (Complete) data for Allylamine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Ökotoxizitätswerte
LC50Species: Xenopus laevis (African Clawed Frog) age 3-4 wkConditions: freshwater, static, 20 °CConcentration: 12400 ug/L for 48 hr /formulation/Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hrConditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °CConcentration: 110000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/Species: Danio rerio (Zebra Danio)Conditions: staticConcentration: 22100 ug/L for 96 hr /formulation/
Umweltverhalten
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.03(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allylamine is expected to have very mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of allylamine is 9.70(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of allylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because this compound exists almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and cations do not volatilize. Allylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 242 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). A 41% of theoretical BOD(NH3) using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test and an 89% TOC in an open system inherent test(7) suggest that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.03(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 9.7(4) indicates allylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 41% of theoretical BOD(NH3) using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test and an 89% TOC in an open system inherent test(6) suggest that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), allylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 242 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase allylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) (that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Isopropylamine does not absorb UV light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC).
Unerwünschte Wirkungen
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.
Expositionspfade
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion. Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.
Toxizitätsübersicht
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Allylamine is a colorless to light yellow liquid. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor, in the manufacture of mercurial diuretics and in organic synthesis. HUMAN STUDIES: A potent irritant, allylamine is intolerable at 14 ppm, with recognizable odor and chest and mucous membrane discomfort at 2.5 ppm. This chemical irritates the skin. Cardiotoxicity was described following intradermal injection of allylamine. After 20 hr treatment of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, 50 uM allylamine had no effect and 100 uM allylamine produced a modest reduction in cell viability. ANIMAL STUDIES: Allylamine is a specific cardiac toxicant that causes aortic, valvular and myocardial lesions in many species. Myocardial necrosis can be observed 24 hr after a single dose. Acute toxicity is believed to involve metabolism of allylamine to highly reactive acrolein (2-propenal). Allylamine has been shown to bind to mitochondria from aorta and heart, suggesting that the subcellular site of injury is at or near the mitochondrion. Mice exposed to allylamine died during the course of a 10 minute inhalation. Allylamine was extremely irritating when tested on rabbit eyes. Rats, rabbits, and dogs were exposed for 8 hr/day, 5 days/wk /for 1 yr/ to 5 or 20 ppm. No adverse effects on growth, behavioral reactions, or abnormal blood or urine changes were observed. Deaths from pneumonia occurred in 3 of 6 rabbits exposed to 20 ppm. Lung changes consistent with chronic irritation were found at both exposure levels. However, no myocardial damage was found in rabbits or dogs and only a few rats showed slight changes. Periodic liver and kidney function tests, transaminase determinations, and electrocardiographic examinations of dogs did not reveal any abnormalities. Congestive changes in the liver and kidneys were noted in dogs at both exposure levels. Myocardial fibrosis with cardiac hypertrophy was produced in rats after consuming allylamine hydrochloride for periods
Signs and Symptoms
Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Headache. Nausea. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns. Loss of vision.Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Abdominal cramps. Further see Inhalation. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.
Ongoing Test Status
The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for allylamine is available.[Available from, as of March 27, 2018: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]
ICSC Environmental Data
The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.
Soil Adsorption/Mobility
The Koc of allylamine is estimated as 8(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.03(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that allylamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of allylamine is 9.7(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).
Human Toxicity Excerpts
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cardiotoxicity was described ... /when/ localized arteritis /was observed/ following intradermal injection of allylamine./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ After accidental exposure to an unspecified concentration of the vapor of allylamine, the investigators experienced transient irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, and mouth, with lacrimation, coryza, and sneezing./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Tests of vapors on human subjects established that monoallyl amine at 14 ppm caused intolerable irritation of eyes and respiratory tract./ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ /Investigators/ have assessed the cytotoxicity of allylamine (AA) and acrolein (ACR) towards cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). After 20 hr treatment, 50 uM AA alone had no effect and 100 uM AA produced a modest reduction in cell viability. However, both concentrations produced considerable cell death when incubated with HUVEC in the presence of human umbilical artery homogenate as a source of human vascular SSAO activity. The cytotoxic actions of 50 uM AA were not altered by coincubation with 100 uM pargyline (an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, MAO) but were completely prevented by 100 uM semicarbazide (SSAO inhibitor) and propargylamine (MAO/SSAO inhibitor). ACR at 50 and 100 uM was considerably cytotoxic, but had little effect at 5 and 10 uM. .../ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Chronic oxidative injury by allylamine (AAM) induces proliferative vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) phenotypes in the rat aorta similar to those seen in rodent and human atherosclerotic lesions. The proliferative advantage of AAM vSMC compared to control cells is maintained with serial passage of the cells and the advantage is nullified when AAM cells are seeded on a collagen substrate. In this study, /investigators/ evaluate the potential role of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, p27 and p21, and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, ERK1/2, in mediating the proliferative advantage of AAM stressed vSMC over control cells on plastic or collagen substrates. p27 levels in randomly cycling cells were comparable in both cell types irrespective of the substrate. In contrast, basal levels of p21 were 1.9 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05)-fold higher in randomly cycling AAM cells seeded on plastic compared to controls, a difference that was lost on a collagen substrate. Following G0 synchronization, basal levels of both p27 and p21 were higher in AAM cells seeded on plastic compared to controls (1.7 +/- 0.2 and 2.0 +/- 0.3-fold, respectively, P < 0.05), but these differences were lost upon mitogenic stimulation. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) decreased p27 and p21 levels in cycling AAM cells relative to controls in a substrate-dependent manner. AAM cells seeded on plastic exhibited enhanced ERK1/2 activation upon mitogenic stimulationseeding on collagen nullified this advantage. The duration of ERK1/2 activation was prolonged in AAM cells independently of the seeding substrate. /It was concluded/ that substrate-dependent acquisition of proliferative phenotypes following repeated cycles of AAM injury correlates with modulation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, p27 and p21.
Artificial Pollution Sources
Allylamine's production and use in organic synthesis, as a pharmaceutical intermediate, and as a corrosion inhibitor in steel pickling(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Allyalmine has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(3).
CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen
Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Allylamine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.
DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI)
Allylamine110000Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.
