Diisopropylamine

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Use alcohol-resistant foam, water, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

Use dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

Use dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide fire fighting agents. Water may be ineffective, but effective to keep fire-exposed containers cool, to disperse the vapors, to flush spills away from exposures, to dilute spills to nonflammable mixtures and thus to prevent the spread of fires. Wear complete protective clothing.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids; oxidizing material, plastics.

Protect containers against physical damage. Keep containers well closed. In factories, store in standard combustible liquid storage rooms or cabinets.

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN PAPER IN SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE RECLAIMED OR COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH AN APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE.

DIISOPROPYLAMINE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION. SEWERS DESIGNED TO PRECLUDE THE FORMATION OF EXPLOSIVE CONCN OF...VAPORS ARE PERMITTED.

Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

DIISOPROPYLAMINE MAY BE DISPOSED OF BY ATOMIZING IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH AN APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC) from a log Kow of 1.4(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that diisopropylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 11.07(4) indicates that the protonated form of diisopropylamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clays more strongly than their neutral counterparts(SRC). Volatilization of diisopropylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since the cation will not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of diisopropylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 79.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Based on screening tests(6,7), biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil, providing sufficient acclimation has occured. However, high concns of diisopropylamine (> 50 ppm) appear to be toxic to microorganisms and, thus, may reduce biodegradation(6,7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC) from a log Kow of 1.4(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that diisopropylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). A pKa value of 11.07(4) indicates that the protonated form of diisopropylamine will be the predominant species in water and cations generally adsorb more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be important fate process(SRC) since the protonated form is not expected to volatilize at environmental pH. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on screening tests(7,8), biodegradation may be an important fate process in aquatic systems providing sufficient acclimation has occurred.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diisopropylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 79.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisopropylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), from its rate constant of 9.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Diisopropylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

On the basis of the data presented in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Diisopropylamine is safe as a cosmetic ingredient as presently used. Diisopropylamine should not be used in products containing N-nitrosating agents.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; nausea, vomiting; headache; visual disturbance

Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions which might place the employee at increased risk from diisopropylamine exposure. /These are/ ... chronic respiratory disease ... skin disease ... /and/ eye disease. ... Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination.

The Koc of diisopropylamine was estimated as 140(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.4(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diisopropylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of diisopropylamine is 11.07(4), indicating that the protonated form will be the predominant species in moist soils and cationic molecules generally adsorb to organic carbon and clays more strongly than their neutral counterparts(SRC).

Diisopropylamine (CAS # 108-18-9) was evaluated for dermal sensitization in Harlet guinea pigs (5/sex) inducted with 0.3 ml occluded topical applications of 10% (v/v) test solution to shaved backs, 6 hours/day, 3 days/week for 3 weeks. Upon a third application, increasing dermal irritation required reduction of dosage to 0.3 ml of a 5% (v/v) solution, which continued to produce irritation ranging from moderate to severe. Two weeks later, the non-irritating dermal challenge upon virgin application sites produced no such signs of irritation, confirming cumulative irritation without dermal sensitization. Conversely, dermal irritation acquired during induction with DCNB (positive control) was identified as delayed hypersensitivity upon challenge 2 weeks later, which produced universal dermal irritation in response to an otherwise non-irritating dose.

Acute inhalation toxicity was evaluated in groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats (5 male and 5 female) exposed to diisopropylamine at analytical concentrations of 0, 5.0 and 5.3 mg/l of air for four hours. Mortality was observed in one male rat in the 5.3 mg/l group and the LC50 for both sexes was considered to be greater than 5.3 mg/l. Clinical observations of animals at one or both exposure levels immediately following exposure and during the 14 day post-exposure period included labored breathing, tremors, high-pitched respiratory sounds, partially or completely closed eyes, nasal and ocular discharges and encrustation, ocular opacity, and pitted/raised corneal surface. After an initial body weight decrease in most exposed animals on post-exposure day 2, all animals gained weight and exceeded their pre-exposure weights by post-exposure day 14. Gross necropsy revealed corneal opacity.

Diisopropylamine (CAS # 108-18-9) was evaluated in hepatocyte primary culture DNA repair assay. Isolated liver cells from Fischer-344 rats cultured in triplicate were exposed simultaneously to tritiated thymidine plus 10 concentrations of diisopropylamine ranging from 0.1 to 5000 ug/ml (cytotoxic concentration in preliminary assay), and 6 concentrations in the replicate assay from 10 to 2500 ug/ml for 18-21 hours at 37 degrees C. Each culture, washed and swelled in hypotonic solution, fixed and mounted on slides, was then dipped in autoradiographic emulsion and the cells exposed at -20 degrees C for 7 days, then developed and stained in methylgreen Pyronin Y. Thirty cells/culture, a total of 90 morphologically intact cells for each assay, were then subjected to quantitative autoradiographic grain counting to determine the net nuclear grain count (the nuclear count adjusted for background cytoplasmic uptake). Net grain counts were negative for all concentrations of test material and solvent control, reflecting a lack of diisopropylamine-induced DNA damage. Conversely, 2-AAF (the positive control) produced 39.9 and 51.2 net grain counts, respectively, in preliminary and replicate assays.

Diisopropylamine (CAS # 108-18-9) was evaluated for subchronic dermal toxicity in groups of Charles River CD(SD)BR rats (3/sex/group) exposed 5 consecutive days/week for 1 month to 15, 50 or 150 mg/kg applications, undiluted doses at or below the established NOEL in range-finding study. A plastic collar hindered ingestion of test material during treatment. Volatility analysis of the undiluted test material under the conditions of study established that evaporation would results in diminished diisopropylamine availability at the sites of application (application site and manner of occlusion, if any, were unspecified). No overt effects of treatment were noted, other than mild dryness at the application sites and may have been attributable to repeated dosing and evaporation. Terminal necropsy revealed significantly decreased absolute (19%) and relative (12%) heart weights and increased absolute (4-5%) and relative (10-14%) testes weights in mid- and high-dose males. There was neither lost bodyweight nor any microscopic changes indicative of expressed toxicity in these organs. A dose-response relationship was not established for mild splenic congestion in females of all treatment groups and hematological and clinical chemistry findings were not clinically or biologically significant.