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Chlorbenzol
MONOCHLOROBENZENE · Chlorobenzen · Chlorbenzol · Chlorbenzene · Chlorbenzen · CHLOROBENZOL · PHENYL CHLORIDE · BENZENE CHLORIDE
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 108-90-7 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C6H5Cl |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 112,55 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 112,00797784 g/mol |
| SMILES | Clc1ccccc1 |
| InChIKey | MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 7964 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL16200 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:28097 |
| EC No. | 203-628-5 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4020298 |
| Lokaler Name | Chlorbenzol |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 2,9 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 0 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 7 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 46,1 |
| Stoffklassen | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Flammable agents - 3rd degreeVolatile Organic Compound (VOC) |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Chlorinated Aromatics |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| Pestizide | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | log Kow = 2.842.18/2.84 |
| Geruch | Faint, not unpleasant odorAlmond-like odorMild amine odorMild aromaticCharacteristic, penetrating odor.Weak, benzene-like odor. |
| Dichte | 1.11 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.1058 g/cu cm at 20 °CPercent in caturated air: 1.55 (25 °C)Density of saturated of air: 1.05 (Air = 1)Saturated liquid density = 69.080 lb/cu ft at 70 °CCritical density = 0.365 g/cu cmHeat of fusion = 84.9 J/gHeat capacity = 1.338 J/g K at 20 °CDielectric constant = 5.641 at 20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.111.106 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Viscosity | 0.806 mPa.s at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless liquidClear volatile liquid |
| Löslichkeit | less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)In water, 499 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 0.05 g/100g at 20 °CMiscible in ethanol, ethyl ethervery soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachlorideFreely soluble in chloroformFor more Solubility (Complete) data for CHLOROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.water: soluble0.207 g/L at 20°C0.4 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Corrosivity | Liquid chlorobenzene will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings |
| Flammpunkt | 75 °F (NTP, 1992)29.2 °C82 °F (Closed Cup) 28 °C97 °F (open cup)27 °C c.c. |
| Schmelzpunkt | -45 °C (lit.) |
| Siedepunkt | 132 °C (lit.) |
| Dampfdichte | 3.86 (vs air) |
| Dampfdruck | 11.8 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Brechungsindex | n20/D 1.524(lit.) |
| Lagerbedingungen | 2-8°C |
| Aggregatzustand | Liquid |
| Farbe | APHA: ≤30 |
| Geruch | Almond like odour |
| pH | 7 (20°C) |
| Explosionsgrenze | 1.3-11%(V) |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(liquid): 1.33 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,2121 |
| BRN | 605632 |
| Henry-Konstante | 1.11, 1.54, 1.81, 2.80, and 3.79 at 2.0, 6.0, 10.0, 18.0, and 25.0 °C, respectively (EPICS-SPME, Dewulf et al., 1999)(x 10-3 atmm3/mol) |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 5.6(25℃) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Flammable. Attacks some types of plastics, rubber and coatings. |
| Hauptanwendungen | food and beverages |
| InChI | 1S/C6H5Cl/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H |
| InChIKey | MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Clc1ccccc1 |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | 3 at 20℃ |
| Oberflächenspannung | 32.42mN/m at 298.15K |
| CAS Datenbank | 108-90-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Benzene, chloro-(108-90-7) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Chlorobenzene (108-90-7) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | WarningH226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1231) of reports.H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids] |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Benzene, chloro-Hazard Traits - Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityMusculoskeletal ToxicityNephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemNeurotoxicityReproductive ToxicityBenzene, chloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzene, chloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 10-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1962Benzene, chloro-: HSNO Approval: HSR001108 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Benzene, chloro-: Human health tier II assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Flammable Liquid |
| Brandgefahren | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Burning in open flame can form toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride gases.· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 27 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
| Brandpotenzial | Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.Flammable liquid. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Irritating to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Repeated exposure of skin may cause dermatitis due to defatting action. Chronic inhalation of vapors or mist may result in damage to lungs, liver, and kidneys. Acute vapor exposures can cause symptoms ranging from coughing to transient anesthesia and central nervous system depression. (USCG, 1999)· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Chlorobenzene is a colorless, flammable liquid with an aromatic, almond-like odor. Some of it will dissolve in water, but it readily evaporates into air. It does not occur naturally in the environment. Chlorobenzene production in the United States has declined by more than 60% from its peak in 1960. It was used in the past to make other chemicals, such as phenol and DDT. Now chlorobenzene is used as a solvent for some pesticide formulations, to degrease automobile parts, and as a chemical intermediate to make several other chemicals.Chlorobenzene is used primarily as a solvent, a degreasing agent, and a chemical intermediate. Limited information is available on the acute (short-term) effects of chlorobenzene. Acute inhalation exposure of animals to chlorobenzene produced narcosis, restlessness, tremors, and muscle spasms. Chronic (long- term) exposure of humans to chlorobenzene affects the central nervous system (CNS). Signs of neurotoxicity in humans include numbness, cyanosis, hyperesthesia (increased sensation), and muscle spasms. No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of chlorobenzene in humans. EPA has classified chlorobenzene as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.Odor threshold = 0.21 ppmrepeated or prolonged skin contact can cause burns[NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards] In animal studies, high doses are toxic to the liver. [ACGIH] If left on clothes, can cause reddening of skin[CHRIS] A skin and eye irritantIngestion can cause aspiration into the lungsInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depressionMay cause kidney and liver injury[ICSC] A mild skin irritantHarmful by inhalation[Alfa Aesar MSDS] |
| DOT-Nummer und Handbuch | 1134 130 |
| FDA-Anforderungen | Chlorobenzene is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Aryl Halides |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: Xn, NR: 10-20-51/53S: (2)-24/25-61 |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 3UN Pack Group: III |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| Freisetungsmaßnahmen | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| Sichere Lagerung | Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Vapor are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. |
| Expositionsschutz und Persönliche Schutzausrüstung | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Total 4-chlorocatechol in urine = 100 mg/g creatinine at end of shift at end of workweekTotal p-chlorophenol in urine = 20 mg/g creatinine at end of shift at end of workweek1054.0 [ppm]5.0 [ppm] |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers whigh are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.Storage temp: ambient |
| Reinigungsverfahren | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.Water Spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.Air Spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling to immobilize spill. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for CHLOROBENZENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U037, F002, and D021 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Chlorobenzene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Preferably after mixing with another combustible fuelcare must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgenean acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHLOROBENZENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Toxikologische Informationen | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| Körperbelastung | 42 samples of mothers' milk from women living near manufacturing plants or industrial facilities contained trace to 10 ppb (0.37 ppb avg) chlorobenzene(1). Chlorobenzene was identified in 21% of 1024 blood samples collected from non-occupationally exposed persons in concentrations above the detection limit of 0.007 ppb(2). Chlorobenzene was detected in composite human adipose tissue samples of 763 individual specimens, concentration unknown, collected in fiscal year 1982 for the NHATS (National Human Adipose Tissue Survey) Broad Scan Analysis Program(3). The median concentration in serum of: current transformer repair workers, 0.32 ppb (thirty-five subjects), former transformer repair workers, 0.30 ppb (seventeen subjects), and a control group, 0.26 ppb (fifty-six subjects)(4). In a study conducted by the USEPA in 1984, the personal air of 188 California residents was sampledchlorobenzene was detected in 0-13% of the population(5). Personal indoor air sampling (24-hour) for residents of two Japanese cities in 1996 and 1997 found chlorobenzene levels of 0.05-0.06 mg/cu m(6). |
| Treatment | Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. (T36) |
| Wechselwirkungen | TNF-alpha stimulated human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1 ng/cu m-100g/cu m) via gas phase. After 20 hr of exposure cytotoxicity and the release of the pro-inflammatory molecules monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 was analyzed. Exposure of A549 cells to chlorobenzene, styrene or m-xylene increased the MCP-1 production within the indoor relevant concentration range (1-25,000 microg/cu m), higher concentrations increased the secretion of IL-8. Mixtures of aromatic compounds caused comparable effects to the single compounds on MCP-1 and IL-8 with a shift to lower concentration ranges. Neither the aliphatic compounds n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, and methylcyclopentane nor the mixture of these VOC showed any effects on MCP-1 and IL-8 production. Cytotoxic effects were not observed. These results show that aromatic, but no aliphatic compounds stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from lung epithelial cells. When aromatic compounds were mixed the sensitivity of lung cells to these compounds was increased.In two complete replicates of a 2 times 2 factorial-designed experiment involving chlorobenzene ... and lindane, ... the hepatotoxicity induced by a challenge dose of chlorobenzene was altered by the pretreatments due to selective changes in various metabolic pathways. Pretreatment with either toxicant alone, or in combination, elevated the metabolism of 1.12 g/kg chlorobenzene to conjugated and polar metabolites. The relative importance of these pathways was increased most by pretreatment with chlorobenzene plus lindane and least with chlorobenzene /alone/. The incidence and severity of chlorobenzene induced hepatocellular necrosis depended on how much the pretreatments increased excretion of these metabolites relative to that of p-chlorophenol, since the conjugates and polar metabolites represent an inactivation of the toxic chlorobenzene-3,4-epoxide, whereas, p-chlorophenol reflects its formation. Thus these changes in the metabolic pathways resulted in either (1) a marginally significant decrease in hepatoxicity (chlorobenzene pretreatment)(2) significance in both the incidence and severity of the lesions (lindane pretreatment) or (3) absence of centrilobular necrosis was present (chlorobenzene and lindane pretreatment). Apparently the effect of pretreatment with xenobiotics on chlorobenzene induced hepatotoxicity was dependent on how much the pretreatments altered the inactivation of chlorobenzene-3,4-epoxide relative to its formation.... Chlorobenzene appears to be converted to a metab that can produce tissue damage. This damage may be blocked by prior admin of piperonyl butoxide. Metab is apparently produced in liver & transported to kidneys by circulation. ... The hepatotoxic metab may be an epoxide.The mechanism of bromobenzene hepatotoxicity and its modification by toluene and chlorobenzene were studied in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected ip with 2 mmol/kg bromobenzene, 4 mmol/kg toluene, or 4 mmol/kg chlorobenzene either alone or in combination. Rats were killed 12, 24, or 48 hr after injection and liver injury was assessed biochemically and histopathologically. Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and liver glutathione were measured. In vitro experiments were performed on liver microsomes from male Wistar rats pretreated with phenobarbital. Toluene and chlorobenzene each inhibited bromobenzene hepatotoxicity as measured by suppression of glutamate pyruvate transaminase concentrations and by histopathology at 24 hr after treatmentchlorobenzene significantly decreased at 12 hr and recovered at 24 hours when bromobenzene was given alone. This recovery at 24 hr disappeared when chlorobenzene was coadministered. Kinetic analysis of rat liver microsomes of bromobenzene metabolism showed that both toluene and chlorobenzene at 6 mmol/L inhibited p-bromophenol formation but had no effects on o-bromophenol formation. |
| Zielorgane | Hematological (Blood Forming), Hepatic (Liver), Immunological (Immune System), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys)Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | Effects on the central nervous system from breathing chlorobenzene may include unconsciousness and death. Chronic exposure can cause liver and kidney damage. (L200) |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50Species: Eisenia foetida (Earthworm) contact test (filter paper) 0.01-0.001 mg/sq cm for 48 hrEC50Species: Chlamydomonas angulosa (Green algae) age 3-4 days, exponential growth phase 5X10+4 cells/mLConditions: static, 19 °C, pH 6.5Concentration: 503 mmol/cu m for 3 hrEffect: physiology, photosynthesis /formulated product/Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae) age 3-4 days, exponential growth phase 20X10+4 cells/mLConcentration: 880 mmol/cu m for 3 hrSpecies: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) initial concentration 500000 cells/LConditions: static, 20 °CConcentration: 12500 ug/L for 96 hrEffect: growth, generalFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLOROBENZENE (43 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 4.8(2) to 313.1(3) indicate that chlorobenzene is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlorobenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.11X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Chlorobenzene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 12 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Chlorobenzene biodegrades slowly in soil and aquifer material(6). Biodegradation data are conflicting. A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test classifies chlorobenzene as not readily biodegradable(7). Other biological screening tests have observed slow biodegradation(8). Biodegradation occurs more rapidly with acclimated microorganisms(6,8).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 4.8(2) to 313.1(3) indicate that chlorobenzene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.11X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.4 hours and 4.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF range of 3.9 to 450(7,8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC) since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). Chlorobenzene biodegrades slowly(9). However, biodegradatoin data are conflicting. In water, some biodegradation occurs, proceeding more rapidly in fresh water than in estuarine and marine waters(9). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test classifies chlorobenzene as not readily biodegradable(7). Other biological screening tests have observed slow biodegradation(10). Biodegradation occurs more rapidly with acclimated microorganisms(9,10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 12 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.70X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Chlorobenzene absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Vapor-phase chlorobenzene in the atmosphere has been shown to partition from the air to snow and ice via sorption(5). |
| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | Chlorobenzene concentrations ranged from 4.87-40.1 ppb in 2 of 234 foods analyzed, with the highest levels found in clam chowder(1). The concentration of chlorobenzene in volatiles of peanut butter, garlic dressing, and flour was determined to be 1.4-2.1, 0.8, and 0.2 ug/kg, respectively(2). The average concentration of chlorobenzene in 9 United Kingdom vegetable parts (5.6% occurrence) was determined to be 20.2 ug/kg fresh weight and 334 ug/kg dry weight(3). Results of a 5 year analysis study (1996-2000) by the US FDA of 70 foods for the occurrence volatile organic compounds found chlorobenzene in 1 chocolate chip cookie (2 ppb), 1 sour cream sample (2 ppb), 2 fast food french fries samples (4-13 ppb), 1 pepperoni pizza (2 ppb), and 1 cake-doughnut with icing (10 ppb)(4). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L200)inhalation (L200) |
| Milk Concentrations | ENVIRONMENTAL: Mothers' milk (42 samples from women living near manufacturing plants or industrial facilities) contained trace to 10 ppb (0.37 ppb average) chlorobenzene(1). |
| RCRA-Anforderungen | U037As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when chlorobenzene, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).F002When chlorobenzene is a spent halogenated solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F002), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to state and/or federal hazardous waste regulations.D021A solid waste containing chlorobenzene may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. |
| TSCA-Anforderungen | Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 3/11/94Reporting date: 5/10/94.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Chlorobenzene is included on this list. Effective date 10/4/82Sunset date: 10/4/92. |
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | Residues of chlorobenzene are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: Solvent, cosolvent. Limit: Contains not more than 1% impurities. Not for use after edible parts of plant begin to form. Do not graze livestock in treated areas within 48 hours after application. |
| Luftstandards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorobenzene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Chlorobenzene is included on this list. |
| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Chlorinated benzenes/Chlorobenzene is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.Two approaches were used to derive criterion levels for monochlorobenzene. Based on available toxicity data, for the protection of public health, the derived level is 488 ug/L. Using available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of ambient water, the estimated level is 20 ug/L. ... Organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human health effects. |
| State Drinking Water Standards | (CA) CALIFORNIA 70 ug/L(NJ) NEW JERSEY 50 ug/L |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (AZ) ARIZONA 60 ug/L(ME) MAINE 140 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 100 ug/L |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | Maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for organic contaminants apply to community and non-transient, non-community water systems: Chemical, MCL 0.1 mg/L. |
| F | 3-10 |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 2 |
| Sofort lebensgefährliche Konzentration | 1,000 ppm |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 1134 |
| Zollcode | 29039190 |
| RTECS-Nr. | CZ0175000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 10-20-51/53-40-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2000 - 4000 mg/kg |
| Gefahrensymbole | Xn,N,T,F |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 24/25-61-36/37-45-16-7 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 3Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAquatic Chronic 2Flam. Liq. 3Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 108-90-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Selbstentzündungstemperatur | 590 °C |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Chlorobenzene is a halogenated benzene that is used as a solvent for paints, as a heat transfer medium, and in the manufacture of phenol, aniline and nitrochlorobenzenes. Now chlorobenzene is mainly used as a solvent for pesticide formulations, diisocyanate manufacture, degreasing automobile parts, and for the production of nitrochlorobenzene and chemical toxicity QSAR research for agricultural pollution.
Herstellung & Synthese
synthetische
Chlorobenzene is produced by chlorination of benzene in the presence of a catalyst, and is produced as an end product in the reductive chlorination of di- and trichlorobenzenes.